Systemic Representation: Democracy, Deliberation, and Nonelectoral Representatives

This article explores the relationship between non-electoral representatives and democratic legitimacy by combining the recent constructivist turn in political representation with systemic work in deliberative theory. Two core arguments are advanced. First, non-electoral representatives should be judged by their position in a wider democratic system. Second, deliberative democracy offers a productive toolkit by which to evaluate these agents. I develop a framework of systemic representation which depicts the elemental parts of a democratic system and assigns normative standards according to the space occupied. The framework gives priority of democratic analysis to the systemic level. This helps mitigate a central concern in the constructivist turn which suggests that representatives mobilize constituencies in ways that are susceptible to framing and manipulation. I engage in case-study analysis of the collapsed Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement to unpack the different spaces occupied by non-electoral representative and elucidate the varied democratic demands that hinge on this positioning.

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Criminogenic Policy Antithetical to Peace Policy: A Case Study of NAFTA as a Violation of International Law

Humanity & Society ◽

10.1177/0160597620932893 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 016059762093289

Author(s):

Daniel Patten

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

International Law ◽

Free Trade Agreement ◽

Trade Agreement ◽

Negotiation Process ◽

Study Analysis ◽

Business Investment ◽

Written Text ◽

Case Study Analysis

Successful peace policy that enshrines human rights allows individuals to thrive economically, politically, and socially with minimal conflict. Building from literature on crimes of globalization, genocide, and human rights, the current research investigates the concept of a criminogenic policy that at its core is antithetical to peace policy. Using case study analysis, North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is found to be both criminal and criminogenic in violation of international law for two primary reasons. First, the NAFTA negotiation process was criminal and criminogenic for three interrelated reasons: (1) powerful elites heavily influenced the outcome, (2) it was undemocratic, and (3) the opposition was often repressed. Second, the NAFTA policy itself was criminal and criminogenic for two reasons: (1) NAFTA as a policy ignored all of the critical voices that predicted negative outcomes and (2) the written text of NAFTA is criminal for failing to include human rights protections while offering a litany of rights to protect business investment.

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Census Enumeration and Group Conflict

World Politics ◽

10.1017/s0043887116000198 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 1-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Evan S. Lieberman ◽

Prerna Singh

Keyword(s):

Social Identity ◽

Intergroup Relations ◽

Religious Conflict ◽

Study Analysis ◽

Data Set ◽

Case Study Analysis ◽

The Relationship ◽

Global Data ◽

Cross National

Does the enumeration of ethnic, racial, and/or religious categories on national household censuses increase the likelihood of conflict? The authors propose a theory of intergroup relations that emphasizes the conflictual effects of institutionalizing boundaries between social identity groups. The article investigates the relationship between counting and various forms of conflict with an original, global data set that classifies the type of enumeration used in more than one thousand census questionnaires in more than 150 countries spanning more than two centuries. Through a series of cross-national statistical analyses, the authors find a robust association between enumeration of ethnic cleavages on the census and various forms of competition and conflict, including violent ethnic civil war. The plausibility of the theory is further demonstrated through case study analysis of religious conflict in India.

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"I See God Out the Back of My Farm" Exploring Christianity and Sustainability on NZ Farms

10.26686/wgtn.17151584 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Kelly Koon

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Vital Role ◽

Study Analysis ◽

Farming Practices ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

Case Study Analysis ◽

The Relationship

<p>This thesis explores the relationship between Christianity and sustainability within the context of rural New Zealand meat and dairy farmers. Looking at the various definitions of sustainability that were given through my fieldwork in the Waikato and Nelson/Golden Bay areas, I describe the contested, ambiguous, and diverse understandings of sustainability that farmers employ. Within this contestation, I explain how Christianity plays a vital role in farming practices and beliefs. Using in-depth case study analysis, I explore the textured and nuanced ways that farmers engage, critique and support sustainability on their farms. Questions of sustainability are explored through farmers’ descriptions of their relationships with both their land and surrounding communities.</p>

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Towards Liveable and Sustainable Egyptian New Cities: Learned Lessons from Columbia, Maryland

International Journal of Systems Applications, Engineering & Development ◽

10.46300/91015.2020.14.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Keyword(s):

Current Situation ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Social Forces ◽

Study Analysis ◽

Case Study Analysis ◽

American Experience ◽

Desert Areas ◽

New Vision ◽

The Relationship

After more than thirty years of their establishment, 26 New Cities in Egypt are attracting less people than the informal areas. The main objective of this paper is to form a new vision for liveable sustainable Egyptian new cities that attract people to live in, using the descriptive, analytical, deductive methodologies to achieve the research goals. The research starts with discussing the “NCs” definition and its dimensions, and then it explores the major features of sustainability, explains the relationship between the economic, urban, environmental, and social forces shaping the sustainability in developing the new cities. Afterwards, the research focuses on presenting the current situation of the Egyptian experience in developing new cities in the desert areas and the major pertinent impediments, and then analyses the international experiences of sustainable New Cities, Columbia, Maryland in USA. In addition, the case study analysis is a part of a field visit and surveys done by the researcher during Winter and Summer 2015. Finally, the research draws from the previous analyses, the lessons learned from the American experience, the implications for developing Sustainable NCs from inception through completion, in addition to managing the following on-going operations.

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“You Too Can Compose”

Music Theory Online ◽

10.30535/mto.23.2.8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rachel L. Lumsden

Keyword(s):

Study Analysis ◽

Musical Style ◽

Case Study Analysis ◽

Voice And Piano ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

This article offers a detailed explication of the relationship between Ruth Crawford and Vivian Fine, who was Crawford’s composition student in the 1920s. Drawing on work by feminist scholars such as hooks, Heilbrun, and Miller, I focus on the connections between gender and modernism in two different aspects of the Crawford/Fine relationship: mentoring and musical style. Closer examination reveals valuable insights not only into the gendered implications of the affectionate, empathetic relationship that the two women created and sustained, but also the impact that Crawford’s mentoring had on Fine’s development and emergence as an atonal composer. A case study analysis of Fine’sLittle Suite for Voice and Piano, written just after Fine’s studies with Crawford, helps to elucidate the structural and stylistic connections between the two composers. A recording ofLittle Suite, which is only available in manuscript and has not been performed since 1931, was also prepared as part of this article.

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"I See God Out the Back of My Farm" Exploring Christianity and Sustainability on NZ Farms

10.26686/wgtn.17151584.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Kelly Koon

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Vital Role ◽

Study Analysis ◽

Farming Practices ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

Case Study Analysis ◽

The Relationship

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ASEAN Resistance to Sovereignty Violation

10.1332/policypress/9781529202205.001.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Southgate

Keyword(s):

Study Analysis ◽

Case Study Analysis ◽

Asean State ◽

History Of ◽

External Power ◽

External Powers ◽

The Relationship ◽

State Resistance ◽

External Intervention

This book investigates the history of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ (ASEAN) stance on external intervention in regional affairs. It asks when has ASEAN state resistance to sovereignty challenges succeeded, and when have they failed? ASEAN’s history of (non)resistance is understood in terms of a realist theoretical logic, focusing on the relationship between an ASEAN ‘vanguard state’ and selected external powers. A ‘vanguard state’ is defined as an ASEAN state that comes to the fore of the Association when it has vital interests at stake that it wishes to pursue. Whilst a state’s interests may vary, vital interests relate to state survival and the preservation of state sovereignty. Once a vanguard state has come to prominence, it will perform two major functions, which reflect an external balancing logic. The vanguard state will actively seek out an external power whose interests align with its own, and will seek to portray a united ASEAN front in support of its interests. Using case study analysis and drawing on a large amount of previously unanalysed material, this book contends that when an ASEAN vanguard state has interests that converge with those of an external power, it has an active and substantial role in resisting sovereignty violation.

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The Women’s Equality Party: Emergence, Organisation and Challenges

Political Studies ◽

10.1177/0032321718812885 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 855-871 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elizabeth Evans ◽

Meryl Kenny

Keyword(s):

Political Parties ◽

Party System ◽

Study Analysis ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Case Study Analysis ◽

Party Organisation ◽

Women's Equality ◽

Party Activists ◽

The Relationship

Women’s political parties are designed to increase women’s representation in politics. More than 30 have been established in Europe since 1987, yet there has been little systematic analysis of why and when they emerge, how they organise and what challenges they face. We argue that the study of women’s parties can offer insights into questions concerning inter and intra-party power relations and the relationship between social movements and political parties, while also contributing to broader debates around the ‘big questions’ of representation, gender (in)equality, and the dynamics of political inclusion and exclusion. This article explores these issues through a case study analysis of the UK’s Women’s Equality Party. Drawing upon original empirical research undertaken with party activists and officials, we argue that the party’s impact has been constrained by wider organisational logics and an unequal party system, while it has so far adhered to traditional (male-dominated) patterns of party organisation.

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