scholarly journals Cabinet Durability and Fiscal Discipline

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID FORTUNATO ◽  
MATT W. LOFTIS
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Fiscal Discipline ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Political Budget Cycle ◽  
Budget Cycle ◽  
Election Timing ◽  
The Common ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Expected Duration

We argue that short government durations in parliamentary democracies increase public spending by driving a political budget cycle. We present a revision of the standard political budget cycle model that relaxes the common (often implicit) assumption that election timing is fixed and known in advance. Instead, we allow cabinets to form expectations about their durability and use these expectations to inform their spending choices. The model predicts that (1) cabinets should spend more as their expected term in office draws to a close and (2) cabinets that outlive their expected duration should run higher deficits. Using data from 15 European democracies over several decades, we show that governments increase spending as their expected duration withers and run higher deficits as they surpass their forecasted life expectancy.

Student Perceptions of Community: A Different Perspective

NASPA Journal ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Clark ◽  
Joan Hirt
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research University ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Public Research University ◽  
The Common ◽  
Using Data

The creation of small communities has been proposed as a way of enhancing the educational experience of students at large institutions. Using data from a survey of students living in large and small residences at a public research university, this study does not support the common assumption that small-scale social environments are more conducive to positive community life than large-scale social environments.

Electoral and Partisan Cycles in the Canadian Provinces

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Petry ◽  
Louis M. Imbeau ◽  
Jean Crête ◽  
Michel Clavet
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Discretionary Power ◽  
Normal Behaviour ◽  
Political Budget Cycle ◽  
Budget Cycle ◽  
Opportunistic Behaviour ◽  
Electoral Defeat ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Government ◽  
Expansionary Policy

AbstractThis study tests explanations of the growth of Canadian provincial governments that draw from the political budget cycle approach. The approach assumes that governments jointly respond to electoral and partisan goals. When the next election is not expected soon, the government uses its discretionary power to pursue its ideological target. When the next election is near, politicians in government, fearing electoral defeat, deviate from their normal behaviour and engage in a re-election effort by undertaking an expansionary policy. This study suggests that provincial governments behave in the opportunistic fashion described by the model. Moreover, there is no sign that this opportunistic behaviour has been affected by government cutbacks in the 1990s.

Political Budget Cycle: An Analysis of Brazilian Municipalities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Crispim ◽  
Leonardo Flach ◽  
Luiz Alberton ◽  
Celma Duque Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Political Budget Cycle ◽  
Budget Cycle

scholarly journals Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris expansion in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ielyzaveta M. Ivanova ◽  
Craig T. Symes
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sturnus Vulgaris ◽  
Anthropogenic Change ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
The Past ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Using Data

The Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris has progressively expanded its range in South Africa since its introduction into Cape Town in the late 19th century. In the past few decades it has extended this range into Gauteng province. Using data from the Southern African Bird Atlas Project 2, this paper examines the spread and relative abundance changes for the species across South Africa over the past 10 years, with a detailed look at the recently-colonised Gauteng. Across South Africa, the Common Starling's distribution has shifted, and grown. As it spreads north along the coastline and northwards inland, some of the former range has been lost. In Gauteng, the species has shown a range and abundance expansion over the same period. If the observed trends are to continue, this species is likely to eventually become a prominent species across the entire country, and further north into the sub-region. However, the potential impact that this species has on indigenous avifauna is unknown and, in the face of rapid anthropogenic change, remains to be investigated.

Power to the People? The Initiative Process and Fiscal Discipline in City Governments

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1280-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedict S. Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Fiscal Discipline ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The People ◽  
Initiative Process ◽  
Using Data

Does giving citizens the power to decide budget policies improve fiscal discipline in the local public sector? This study examines the effects of local initiatives on city budgetary solvency or the ability of city governments to generate revenues to meet their service and financial obligations in a fiscal year. Budgetary imbalance in the public sector has been blamed on self-interested bureaucrats and elected officials who desire budgets that are higher than that preferred by the median voter. The initiative gives citizens the power to directly decide budget issues. Research shows that voters are more fiscally conservative than government officials, which suggests that fiscal discipline will improve if citizens exercise greater control over budgeting. Using data from audited financial reports for midsized and large cities from 2006 to 2012, the empirical analysis indicates that initiative cities have weaker budgetary solvency compared with noninitiative cities.

When face meets globalization

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyang Huang ◽  
Jiaxun He
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Branding ◽  
The Common ◽  
Moderation Model ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Synthesizing the unique Confucian cultural values and the common characteristics of emerging markets, the purpose of this paper is to examine how face drives consumers’ attitudes toward global consumer culture positioning (GCCP) as well as the moderating roles of social aggrandizement and susceptibility to normative influence (SNI). Design/methodology/approach The authors adopt the total effect moderation model to test the hypotheses using data collected from China. Findings The results show that face positively affects consumers’ attitudes toward GCCP through enhancing their pursuit for global myth. In addition, social aggrandizement positively moderates the influence of face on pursuit for global myth. SNI positively moderates the influence of pursuit for global myth on attitudes toward GCCP. Practical implications The findings of this study highlight the need to utilize local powers to promote brands globally and provide guidelines for “Think Globally, Act Locally” in Confucian societies. Originality/value This study represents an important step in the global branding literature regarding the advancement of culturally driven attitudes toward GCCP by taking root in the Confucian culture.

scholarly journals Revenue Decentralization, Central Oversight and the Political Budget Cycle: Evidence from Israel

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thushyanthan Baskaran ◽  
Sebastian Blesse ◽  
Adi Brender ◽  
Yaniv Reingewertz
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Political Budget Cycle ◽  
Budget Cycle

A Requirement-Centered Design Support System for the Environmentally Conscious Product

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Kurakawa ◽  
Kumiyo Nakakoji ◽  
Takashi Kiriyama
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Design Team ◽  
Life Cycle Model ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Design Support System ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Environmentally Conscious Design

Abstract We have developed the Green Browser to support a team of designers to collaboratively construct and share the product life cycle information for environmentally conscious design. We developed the ReqC model (Requirement-Centered Model) and the GLC model (Green Life-Cycle Model) for structuring design information in the Green Browser. The system allows the design team to construct the GLC model by chunking discourse and assigning types. It provides a visual presentation of the concept and scenario, and allows the user outside the team to share the model across different computer environments. We used Java2 and CORBA for system implementation. To test implementation of the system, we built a GLC model by using data collected in an industrial design project.

Estimating individual benefits of medical or behavioral treatments in severely ill patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
New Development ◽  
Behavioral Treatments ◽  
The Common ◽  
Using Data

There is a need for statistical methods appropriate for the analysis of clinical trials from a personalized-medicine viewpoint as opposed to the common statistical practice that simply examines average treatment effects. This article proposes an approach to quantifying, reporting and analyzing individual benefits of medical or behavioral treatments to severely ill patients with chronic conditions, using data from clinical trials. The approach is a new development of a published framework for measuring the severity of a chronic disease and the benefits treatments provide to individuals, which utilizes regression models with random coefficients. Here, a patient is considered to be severely ill if the patient’s basal severity is close to one. This allows the derivation of a very flexible family of probability distributions of individual benefits that depend on treatment duration and the covariates included in the regression model. Our approach may enrich the statistical analysis of clinical trials of severely ill patients because it allows investigating the probability distribution of individual benefits in the patient population and the variables that influence it, and we can also measure the benefits achieved in specific patients including new patients. We illustrate our approach using data from a clinical trial of the anti-depressant imipramine.

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