Evaluation of eleven cattle breeds for crossbred beef production: carcass data from males slaughtered at two ages

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Morris ◽  
R. L. Baker ◽  
A. H. Carter ◽  
S. M. Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Sire Breed

ABSTRACTAn experiment was carried out to compare sire breeds for carcass traits and to estimate heritabilities and phenotypic and genetic correlations. There were 1908 male cattle from 5 birth years. The sire breeds, each evaluated over three locations, were Blonde d'Aquitaine, Charolais, Chianina, Limousin, Maine Anjou, Simmental (four strains: Austrian, French (Pie Rouge), Swiss and West German) and South Devon (i.e. seven imported breeds) and Angus, Friesian, Hereford and Jersey (four local breeds), with a total of 161 sires represented. Each location contained Angus cows and additionally one location contained Hereford cows. Proportionally 0·72 of the cattle were slaughtered at about 20 months of age, whilst random samples from each of the first 4 years were retained for slaughter at about 31 months of age.Sire breeds ranked similarly for live weight at 13 months of age and for pre-slaughter weights at both 20 and 31 months of age. Relative to the Hereford-cross, the seven imported breeds were proportionally 0·054 to 0·072 heavier at slaughter (depending on slaughter age) and they had 0-065 to 0·077 heavier carcasses. Dressing proportions for the Blonde d'Aquitaine, Chianina and Limousin sire breeds were higher by at least 0007 units than for the Hereford-cross. The seven imported breeds were all leaner and had larger areas of m. longissimus than the Hereford-cross cattle. Friesian-crosses also had high live or carcass weights although they were intermediate for fat depth.The interaction of sire and dam breeds were only significant for fat depth (both slaughter ages) and for pre-slaughter and hot carcass weights (31-month slaughter age only). Interactions between sire breed and location were not important.Heritability estimates on data adjusted to a slaughter age of 595 days were: pre-slaughter weight 0·29, hot carcass weight 0·28, dressing proportion 0·14, fat depth 0·03 and m. longissimus area 0·30. Corresponding values on cattle whose records were adjusted to an age of 935 days were 0·56, 0·44, 0·39, 0·37 and 0·29. These values were from cattle grazed on pasture, and were generally lower than those from America (from cattle offered high energy rations). Phenotypic correlations among all pairs of traits were positive, whilst genetic correlations were positive for all pairs except those involving fat depth (where standard errors were large).

scholarly journals Feed efficiency and carcass metrics in growing cattle1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 4405-4417 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N Kelly ◽  
Craig Murphy ◽  
Roy D Sleator ◽  
Michelle M Judge ◽  
Stephen B Conroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Dressing Percentage

Abstract Some definitions of feed efficiency such as residual energy intake (REI) and residual gain (RG) may not truly reflect production efficiency. The energy sinks used in the derivation of the traits include metabolic live-weight; producers finishing cattle for slaughter are, however, paid on the basis of carcass weight, as opposed to live-weight. The objective of the present study was to explore alternative definitions of REI and RG which are more reflective of production efficiency, and quantify their relationship with performance, ultrasound, and carcass traits across multiple breeds and sexes of cattle. Feed intake and live-weight records were available on 5,172 growing animals, 2,187 of which also had information relating to carcass traits; all animals were fed a concentrate-based diet representative of a feedlot diet. Animal linear mixed models were used to estimate (co)variance components. Heritability estimates for all derived REI traits varied from 0.36 (REICWF; REI using carcass weight and carcass fat as energy sinks) to 0.50 (traditional REI derived with the energy sinks of both live-weight and ADG). The heritability for the RG traits varied from 0.24 to 0.34. Phenotypic correlations among all definitions of the REI traits ranged from 0.90 (REI with REICWF) to 0.99 (traditional REI with REI using metabolic preslaughter live-weight and ADG). All were different (P < 0.001) from one suggesting reranking of animals when using different definitions of REI to identify efficient cattle. The derived RG traits were either weakly or not correlated (P > 0.05) with the ultrasound and carcass traits. Genetic correlations between the REI traits with carcass weight, dressing difference (i.e., live-weight immediately preslaughter minus carcass weight) and dressing percentage (i.e., carcass weight divided by live-weight immediately preslaughter) implies that selection on any of the REI traits will increase carcass weight, lower the dressing difference and increase dressing percentage. Selection on REICW (REI using carcass weight as an energy sink), as opposed to traditional REI, should increase the carcass weight 2.2 times slower but reduce the dressing difference 4.3 times faster. While traditionally defined REI is informative from a research perspective, the ability to convert energy into live-weight gain does not necessarily equate to carcass gain, and as such, traits such as REICW and REICWF provide a better description of production efficiency for feedlot cattle.

scholarly journals Effects of Breeder Age on Genetic Parameter Estimates of Slaughter and Carcass Traits in Japanese Quail

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eser Kemal Gurcan ◽  
Dogan Narinc ◽  
Selcuk Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Parameter Estimations ◽  
Breast Weight ◽  
Positive Results

This study aimed to determine the phenotypic values of the slaughter and carcass traits in the flocks of quails obtained when a flock of parent quails were at 12, 16, and 20 weeks of age and to estimate the heritabilities and the genetic correlations for these traits. For this purpose, a total of 1,346 Japanese quails were slaughtered at 8 weeks of age, and their slaughter weights as well as carcass, breast, leg, and abdominal fat weights and ratios were determined. Differences in all traits were detected between female and male quails (P<0.05). The averages of many important traits, primarily slaughter weight, carcass weight, and breast weight, increased with the increase in the breeder age. On the contrary, the carcass yield decreased (P<0.05). There were no significant variations in the phenotypic and genetic variances for the slaughter and carcass traits in the flocks obtained when the breeder flock was at different ages. The heritabilities for slaughter weight, carcass weight, and abdominal fat weight were estimated to be moderate, and the genetic correlations among them were estimated to be positive and high. In conclusion, it is possible to state that positive results might be obtained by using the carcass ratio as the criterion for selection in quails. Besides, the breeder age was discovered to have had no significant effect on the genetic parameter estimations.

scholarly journals Effect of Genotype and Slaughter Age on Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of the Celta Pig Breed in Extensive System

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Franco ◽  
Javier Carballo ◽  
Roberto Bermñudez ◽  
José M. Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Colour Parameters

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of genotype and slaughter age on carcass traits and meat quality of the Celta pig breed. Samples from 95 pigs of three lines (Barcina, Santiaguesa and Carballina) slaughtered at two different ages (12 and 16 months) were analysed. Pigs’ slaughter at 16 months showed significantly (P<0.001) higher live weight (157.2 vs. 178.9 kg), cold carcass weight (122.9 vs. 141.9 kg) and killing out percentage (77.7 vs. 79.5%; P<0.001) compared to those slaughtered at 12 months. Genotype also affected the live weight and cold carcass weight, both of which were highest in the Santiaguesa line. Changes in meat quality in relation to slaughter age and genotype were observed. The fat content increased with slaughter age, but did not vary with genotype. Regarding colour parameters, the L* values (48.53) were lower and a* values (11.55) were higher in samples of the Barcina line, indicating that the meat was darker and redder than in the other two lines. Both slaughter age and genotype had significant effects on texture parameters measured by the Warner Bratzler test, whereas textural profile analysis revealed significant differences mainly due to genotype.

Variance components for birth and carcass traits of crossbred cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Pitchford ◽  
H. M. Mirzaei ◽  
M. P. B. Deland ◽  
R. A. Afolayan ◽  
D. L. Rutley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Management Group ◽  
Calf Survival ◽  
Sire Breed

During a 4-year period (1994–97) of the Australian ‘Southern Crossbreeding Project’, mature Hereford cows (n = 637) were mated to 97 sires from 7 breeds (Jersey, Wagyu, Angus, Hereford, South Devon, Limousin and Belgian Blue), resulting in 1334 calves. Heifers were slaughtered at around 16 months and steers at 23 months. The objective of the study was to quantify between- and within-breed genetic variation for numerous production and quality traits in a southern-Australian production system. Calf survival, birth weight and carcass production traits (carcass weight, fat depth, loin eye area, intramuscular fat) were obtained from these cattle. The carcass traits were loge-transformed because of a scale effect on the variance. Data were analysed using multi-variate animal models containing fixed effects of sex with random effects of management group, sire breed and animal. In addition, birth month and age of dam were included as fixed effects for birth weight. Covariances between survival and other traits could not be estimated from the multi-variate model so they were estimated from a series of bi-variate models. On average, management group and sire breed accounted for similar proportions of variance. Heritability ranged from 0.14 (survival), 0.17 (intramuscular fat), 0.28 (loin eye area), 0.29 (P8 fat depth), 0.31 (birth weight) to 0.50 (carcass weight). In general, environmental (management and residual) correlations between meat (carcass weight and loin eye area) and fat traits (fat depth and intramuscular fat) were positive, but the genetic correlations (both between and within breed) were negative. Management and genetic (co)variation has been quantified and can facilitate production of calves with carcasses suitable for specific market requirements.

scholarly journals Genetic relationships among objectively and subjectively assessed traits measured on crossbred (Mule) lambs

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. van Heelsum ◽  
R. M. Lewis ◽  
M. H. Davies ◽  
W. Haresign
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Uk

AbstractSheep farming in the UK is characterized by a crossbreeding system where ‘Longwool’ sire breeds are mated with hill dam breeds, with the crossbred (F1) ewe lambs retained for mating to terminal sires. The F1 wether and terminal-sire cross lambs are marketed for meat. At selection, F1 females are typically assessed visually for type traits relevant to dam lines, and these traits could be considered as goal traits. Their offspring and their male sibs derive their value from carcass traits. This study investigated the genetic relationships between type (subjective) and carcass (objective) traits in F1 lambs, and their potential impact on genetic improvement within this production system. Bluefaced Leicester rams were crossed with Scottish Blackface and Hardy Speckled Face ewes to produce F1 (‘Mule’) lambs. The wether lambs (no.=2197) were selected for slaughter at a target condition (a carcass fat score of 2/3L) and a number of live and carcass traits were measured. Carcass dissection data were collected on approximately one-third of these wether lambs. The ewe lambs (no.=2423) were measured for similar live traits but at a fixed age (195±5·5 days). In addition, they were subjectively assessed for a number of functional and type traits. Genetic parameters among these traits were then estimated. Heritabilities for the ewe traits were generally moderate (0·18 to 0·31) and genetic correlations between the traits were variable, with some moderate to high correlations (favourable in direction) of growth/carcass traits with overall type traits. Live weight at slaughter in wethers was highly correlated to live weight at constant age in ewes (r=0·72). In the wethers, live, cold carcass and lean weight had moderately high heritabilities (between 0·26 and 0·46), and were positively correlated with slaughter age (≥0·79). However, age at slaughter in wethers was highly negatively correlated with growth/carcass and overall type traits in ewes (between −0·45 and −0·97), perhaps reflecting differences in maturity in lambs measured at a target fatness versus age. The correlations of most other type traits in ewes with wether traits were non-significant. These results show that the subjectively assessed type traits (at least as measured in this study) will not deteriorate, and some will in fact be improved, in a selection programme aiming to improve carcass merit.

scholarly journals The effect of slaughter age and sex class to carcass characteristic of Red Brahman Crossbred Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
S S C Maulid ◽  
A Susilo ◽  
D Purwanto ◽  
Kuswati
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Duncan Multiple Range Test ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Carcass Characteristic ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract This research was conducted to examine the effect of slaughter age and sex class to carcass characteristic from Red Brahman Crossbred Cattle. The research materials were 126 heads (grouped by slaughter age (<1,5 years, 2-2,5 years, and 3 years) and sex class (bull and steer)) with taken from KASA Company, rested for 12-24 hours, and slaughtered in AM FARM abattoir with halal MUI slaughter methods. The research method was used field experiment. The data of research were analysis by using Complete Randomized Factorial Design (2X3) and Duncan Multiple Range Test if there were differences. Parameters of carcass characteristic were slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, carcass components percentage (meat, bone, fat), MBR, MFR, rib eyes area, and 12th fat thickness of ribs. The results of this research showed that slaughter age and sex class has significantly (P<0,05) affect to slaughter weight and hot carcass weight. Interactions of slaughter age and sex class has significantly (P<0,05) affect dressing percentage, bone and meat percentage, MBR and MFR, and has not significant (P>0,05) rib eyes area and fat thickness. From these results, it can be concluded that slaughter age and sex class affect carcass characteristics of Red Brahman Crossbred Cattle.

scholarly journals Canonical correlation analysis of body measurements and carcass traits of cross bred rabbit population

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Ogah
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Canonical Correlation Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Criterion Variables

In this study, canonical correlation analysis was applied to estimate the relationship between body measurements and carcass traits of 28 male cross bred rabbits of about 12 weeks of age, reared under semi intensive system. Four body measurements, pre-slaughter weight (PSW) , body length (BL), chest circumference (CC), and ear length (EL) as predictor variable while dressing percentage ( DP) , hot carcass weight (HCW) and cold carcass weight (CCW) as criterion variables. Pre-slaughter weight and body length had significant (P<0.001) simple correlation coefficients with the carcass traits except for dressing percentage. The three canonical variate pairs ranged between .99 to .42 and only the first pair was significant (P<0.001). From the analysis pre-slaughter weight and body length can be regarded as the main factors as live measurement traits, while dressing percentage did not have pronounced effect on the emerged criterion variables.

Genetic correlations among indicator traits for carcass composition measured in yearling beef bulls and finished feedlot steers

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bergen ◽  
S. P. Miller ◽  
J. W. Wilton
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Beef Bulls

Genetic correlations were examined among 10 live growth and ultrasound traits measured in yearling beef bulls (n = 2172) and four carcass traits measured in crossbred finished feedlot steers (n = 1031). Heritabilities ranged from 0.13 (bull ultrasound longissimus muscle width) to 0.83 (yearling bull hip height). Genetic correlations indicated that selecting yearling bulls for increased growth rate and hip height would lead to higher carcass weight, increased longissimus muscle area and reduced levels of carcass marbling in steers. Bull ultrasound fat depth was positively associated with both carcass fat depth and marbling score. Most ultrasound longissimus muscle size measurements in bulls were positively associated with each other and with carcass longissimus muscle area in steers, but the magnitude of the genetic correlation with carcass measurements depended on the bull longissimus muscle size trait in question. This suggests that longissimus muscle shape in bulls may be related to carcass weight, fat and muscle traits in steers. Results confirm that while ultrasound is a valuable tool for the genetic improvement of carcass traits in beef cattle, genetic correlations between live bull ultrasound and steer carcass traits less then unity suggest that selection would benefit from multiple trait evaluations in situations where reliable carcass data are available. Key words: Ultrasound, beef carcass, heritability, genetic correlation

Growth and carcass characteristics of heavy slaughter weight lambs: effects of sire breed and sex of lamb and relationships to serum metabolites and IGF-1

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. G. Wylie ◽  
D. M. B. Chestnutt ◽  
D. J. Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Sire Breed

AbstractTexel (T) and Suffolk (S) sired ram, wether and ewe lambs (no = 180) were kept at grass with their dams until weaned at 20 weeks and then taken to slaughter weights of 40, 44 and 48 kg, also at grass. Sex type, but not sire breed, affected lamb growth rate (rams 293, wethers 253, ewes 224 g/day; P < 0·001). Both T and S ewe lambs were fatter at slaughter in all fat depots compared with their ram and wether siblings such that rams could be slaughtered at a calculated 7·7 kg greater live weight than ewes at equal carcass fat cover. T carcasses were greater than S carcasses in eye-muscle area (793 v. 732 mm2; P < 0·001) and killing-out proportion (481 v. 476 g/kg; P < 0·05) but not in any fat measurement. Slaughter weight influenced killing-out proportion (P < 0·001) and all fat measurements (P < 0·01) but did not significantly affect eye-muscle area.Mean serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations (μig/l), determined during weeks 8,11, 14, 17 and 20 in a balanced subset of 84 lambs, were higher in T than in S lambs (P < 0·05), in singles than in twins (P < 0·01; rams and wethers only) and in rams than in either wethers or ewes (P < 0·001). Mean serum IGF-1 concentration decreased between week 8 and week 20 with a greater rate of decline in singles than in twins (P < 0·001). IGF-1 was more strongly correlated with live weight at 8 weeks (r = 0·629; P< 0·001) than at 20 weeks (r = 0·293; P < 0·05). Mean IGF-1 (weeks 8 to 20) was correlated with rate of live-weight change (r = 0·576; P < 0·001). Significant differences for T and S lambs were found in the relationships between mean serum IGF-1 (weeks 8 to 20) and daily live-weight gain (weeks 8 to 20) and between mean IGF-1 and eye-muscle area at slaughter. Metabolite concentrations differed little between sire breeds and not at all between sex types.

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