The use of degradation characteristics of browse plants to predict intake and digestibility by goats

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kibont ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

AbstractTwenty-five male goats weighing 16 (s.e. 1-5) kg and aged 15 months were used to measure the dry matter (DM) intake of five browse species namely Acacia albida, Tamarindus indica, Etanda africana, Anogeissus leiocarpus and Sterculia setigera in a growth trial lasting 16 weeks. This was followed by a digestion trial with five goats in a 5 × 5 Latin square with 10 days adaptation and a 5-day measurement period. The degradation characteristics of the browse were measured by incubating samples in nylon bags for 6, 24, 48 and 96 h in the rumens of three sheep fitted with rumen cannulae and given hay plus grass nuts. The exponential model P = a +b(l — ect) was fitted to the data. Rumen fluid from the sheep was also used as an inoculum to incubate the samples in vitro for 3, 6,12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Nylon bag degradability results were compared with in vivo results and in vitro gas production. The mean DM intakes, apparent digestible DM intakes and growth rates were 0·60, 0·62, 0·55, 0·53 and 0·65 kg/day, 0·43, 0·43, 0·35, 0·34 and 0·49 kg/day and 55, 60, 49, 42 and 62 glday for A. albida, T. indica, E. africana, A. leiocarpus and S. setigera respectively. Using the degradation characteristics A, B and c in a multiple regression analysis, the correlation coefficients with DM intake, apparent DM digestibility, apparent digestible DM intake and growth rate were 0·99, 0·88, 0·92 and 0·99 respectively. The inclusion of a lag phase (L) instead of A in the regression analysis improved the prediction of apparent DM digestibility and apparent digestible DM intake. The correlation coefficients between DM loss in nylon bags and in vitro gas production at 6, 24 and 48 h incubation were 0·84, 0·83 and 0·90 respectively. The results indicate that it may be possible to predict DM and apparent digestible DM intakes of browse by goats from the rumen degradation characteristics.

Relationship between in vitro gas production and in vivo energy digestibility in growing pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 142-142
Author(s):  
A.C. Longland ◽  
S.P. Bray ◽  
A.E. Brooks ◽  
M.K. Theodorou ◽  
A.G. Low
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

In vitro methods which can be used to predict the nutritive value of feedstuflfs for livestock are attractive in terms of both speed and economy. The in vitro pressure transducer technique (PTT) whereby the gas evolved during the in vitro fermentation of feedstuffs in rumen fluid is quantified by a pressure transducer, has been used to predict the nutritive value of ruminant feedstuffs. Here the potential for the PTT in predicting the digestible energy contents of eight feedstuffs varying in non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) content fed to growing pigs, was investigated.

Relationship between in vitro gas production and in vivo energy digestibility in growing pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 142-142
Author(s):  
A.C. Longland ◽  
S.P. Bray ◽  
A.E. Brooks ◽  
M.K. Theodorou ◽  
A.G. Low
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

In vitro methods which can be used to predict the nutritive value of feedstuflfs for livestock are attractive in terms of both speed and economy. The in vitro pressure transducer technique (PTT) whereby the gas evolved during the in vitro fermentation of feedstuffs in rumen fluid is quantified by a pressure transducer, has been used to predict the nutritive value of ruminant feedstuffs. Here the potential for the PTT in predicting the digestible energy contents of eight feedstuffs varying in non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) content fed to growing pigs, was investigated.

Comparison between reconstituted sheep faeces and rumen fluid inocula and between in vitro and in sacco digestibility methods as predictors of intake and in vivo digestibility

1996 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Nsahlai ◽  
N. N. Umunna
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Sacco

SUMMARYThis study (conducted in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia in 1993) examined (i) the effect of source of inoculum on in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility (1VDMD) and gas production (GP) and (ii) the IVDMD, GP and in sacco degradability as predictors of in vivo DM digestibility (DMD) and intake. Six ruminally cannulated male sheep (used in the degradability studies and from which rumen fluid was harvested for the in vitro studies) and six intact sheep (from which faeces for reconstitution was obtained) were given teff straw ad libitum supplemented with 200 g/day of concentrate (1:1 mixture of noug (Guizotia abyssinica) cake and wheat middlings). In determining IVDMD on 26 feeds, pepsin-HC1 digestion was replaced with neutral detergent extraction. Microbial GP was measured on these feeds incubated with rumen fluid or reconstituted faeces inocula at various time periods. The degradability of each feed was determined by the nylon bag technique in three sheep. Eighty-eight intact male Ethiopian Menz type sheep (mean liveweight 256 (S.D. = 1·98) kg) were used in a randomized complete block experiment to determine intake and digestibility.Gas production using faeces inoculum (GP-F) was strongly related to GP using rumen fluid inoculum (GP-R) particularly at 48 h (R2 = 0·85; P <0·001) of incubation. The IVDMD obtained with reconstituted sheep faeces inoculum (IVDMD-F) had a strong positive relationship (R2 = 0·88; P <0·0001) with IVDMD measured using rumen fluid (IVDMD-R). The IVDMD values obtained by centrifugation were positively related to those obtained by filtration for the rumen fluid (R2 = 0·61) and reconstituted faeces (R2 = 0·47) inocula.The relationship between degradability and in vivo DMD was generally poor for roughages but improved with the length of incubation for forage legumes, being strongest at 24 h (R2 = 0·54). The in vivo DMD had the strongest relationship with GP-R at 24 h of incubation for roughages (R2 = 0·64) and legumes (R2 = 0·84). Dry matter degradability was poorly related to DM intake for roughages (R2 <0·10), while these were closely related for legumes particularly at 6 h of incubation (R2 = 0·55). The relationship between GP-R and intake was strongest at 12 h of incubation for roughages (R2 = 0·41) but was generally weak for legumes. The IVDMD accounted for a very low proportion of the variation in intake of roughages and legume forages. The gas production method was the best among the methods tested in predicting voluntary roughage intake, but not the intake of legumes. The nylon bag technique gave the best predictors (solubility, rate constant ‘c’ and Lag phase) of legume intake (R2 = 0·98).The discussion suggests explanations for why the nylon bag technique predicted performance from forage legumes better than from roughages, why the technique was much better as a predictor of intake than of in vivo DMD, and why the gas production technique predicted in vivo DMD and not the intake of legumes. Reconstituted faeces inoculum may replace rumen fluid inoculum in in vitro procedures. The IVDMD method is a less accurate predictor of in vivo DMD than GP and rumen degradability constants. Both feed factors and practices inherent in the methodologies may modify the predictiveness of indirect digestibility methods.

Inoculation with adapted microbes versus addition of polyethylene glycol as methods to alleviate toxicity of Acacia angustissima leaves in sheep

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. SAARISALO ◽  
A. A. ODENYO ◽  
P. O. OSUJI
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Acacia Angustissima

Methods to alleviate the toxicity of Acacia angustissima (acc. no 15132) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo at ILRI Debre Zeit Research station in Ethiopia in 1997–1998. In an in vitro evaluation, A. angustissima leaves were incubated for 120 h with rumen fluid from Borana steers consuming native hay and cotton seed cake or from free ranging goat and sheep. Addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight (MW) 4000) increased gas production (4·9 v. 13·9 ml/100 mg dry matter (DM)), ammonia concentration (5·2 v. 9·7 mmol/l) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility (380 v. 540 g/kg DM). In an in vivo experiment, Ethiopian highland sheep fed native hay and A. angustissima as a supplement (200 g/d) were inoculated with mixed rumen content from sheep gradually adapted on A. angustissima or were given PEG (MW 4000, 100 g/kg supplement) as methods to alleviate toxicity induced by A. angustissima. Sesbania sesban (acc. no 10865) with and without PEG were fed as a control. Effects on intake, apparent digestibility and nitrogen balance were studied in a 5×5 Latin square experiment. DM intake was increased by all the supplements (P<0·001) even though hay intake was slightly reduced compared to hay only (P<0·05). PEG increased intake of A. angustissima compared to inoculation. There were no significant differences in apparent DM or OM digestibility. Apparent nitrogen digestibility tended to be higher with S. sesban than with A. angustissima (P<0·10) and addition of PEG increased it with A. angustissima (P<0·05). Supplements increased ammonia and VFA concentrations and molar proportion of propionate (P<0·05). Supplements tended to increase microbial nitrogen supply (P<0·10) but there were no significant differences in efficiency of microbial synthesis. Supplements increased nitrogen retention (P<0·01) but due to short periods there were no significant differences in the live weights of sheep. All the animals remained healthy during the experiment suggesting that both methods used alleviated the toxicity of A. angustissima. Addition of PEG was more effective than inoculation in increasing intake and nutritive value of A. angustissima.

scholarly journals Digestibility and rumen fermentation of a high forage diet pre-treated with a mixture of cellulase and xylanase enzymes

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-406
Author(s):  
K. Selzer ◽  
A. Hassen ◽  
A.M. Akanmu ◽  
A.Z.M. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Forage Digestibility

Forages play an important role in ruminant animal production worldwide. Unlocking the nutritional potential of poor-quality tropical forages with fibrolytic enzymes would improve forage digestibility and utilization. Using in vitro and in vivo methods this study investigated the effect of pre-treating Smutsfinger hay for 24 hours with a mixture of fibrolytic enzyme (100% cellulase; 75% cellulase: 25% xylanase; 50% cellulase: 50% xylanase; 25% cellulase: 75% xylanase; 100% xylanase and a control with no enzyme) on ruminal fermentation and digestibility of nutrients by sheep. For in vitro fermentation, dry matter, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) degradability and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were determined with standard procedures. The same treatments were used for an in vivo digestibility trial using Merino sheep in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. Feed intake and total tract digestibility were recorded. Rumen fluid samples were collected daily, preserved, and analysed for VFA. The addition of 100% cellulase enzyme to Smutsfinger hay in vitro increased (P <0.05) NDF degradability and gas production compared with the control and inclusion of 100% xylanase enzyme. Both 100% cellulase and xylanase enzymes significantly reduced in vitro end time fermentation pH. A 50:50 mixture of cellulase and xylanase plus enzyme in vivo, increased acetate, total VFA concentration, and higher NDF and ADF digestibility of the test feed compared with the control. Inclusion of a 50-75% mixture of cellulase and 50-25% xylanase enzymes treatment led to higher gas production and butyrate concentration, decreased ruminal pH and improved nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals Digestion of wood-based hemicellulose extracts as screened by in vitro gas production method and verified in vivo using sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marketta Rinne ◽  
Outi Kautto ◽  
Kaisa Kuoppala ◽  
Seppo Ahvenjärvi ◽  
Veikko Kitunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of pressurized hot water extracted hemicellulose fractions from various wood species as feeds for ruminants. In Experiment 1, the fermentability of several hemicellulose extracts was screened using an in vitro gas production method. The samples were extracted from spruce (Picea abies) including mainly galactoglucomannan (GGM), from birch (Betula pendula) consisting mainly of xylan and from larch (Larix sibirica) consisting mainly of arabinogalactan. The GGM and xylan samples were readily fermented by rumen microbes while arabinogalactan was not. Based on the in vitro study, GGM was chosen for an in vivo digestibility trial using sheep, where it was fed at increasing proportions of diet dry matter (0, 47, 94 and 141 g kg-1) in a Latin Square design. The in vivo organic matter digestibility of GGM was relatively low, 0.58, but PHWE extracted hemicellulose has some potential as a feed for ruminants.

Effect of preservation on fermentative activity of rumen fluid inoculum for in vitro gas production techniques

2005 ◽  
Vol 123-124 ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Hervás ◽  
Pilar Frutos ◽  
F. Javier Giráldez ◽  
Manuel J. Mora ◽  
Begoña Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Fermentative Activity

Evaluation of nutritional value in some tropical by-products using the in vitro gas production technique

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 190-190
Author(s):  
A Taghizadeh ◽  
M Besharati
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Feeding Programs ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Digestion Kinetics

Anaerobic digestion of carbohydrates by ruminal microbes produces short chain fatty acids (SCFA), CO2, CH4, and traces of H2; hence, measurement of gas production in vitro can be used to study the rate and extent of digestion of feedstuffs (Hungate, 1966). When a feedstuff is incubated with buffered rumen fluid in vitro, the carbohydrates are fermented to SCFA, gases mainly CO2 and CH4 and microbial cells. Gas production is basically the result of fermentation of carbohydrates to acetate, propionate and butyrate (Wolin, 1960; Beuvink and Spoelstra, 1992; Blummel and Ørskov, 1993). High correlations between gas production and NDF disappearance, r2 = 0.99 (Pell and Schofield, 1993) or gas production and DM disappearance, r2 = 0.95 (Prasad et al., 1994) have been reported. In vitro techniques that estimate digestion kinetics indirectly by measuring gas production are a more viable option than other in vitro methods. Gas production technology allows for a more usable collection of digestion kinetics data and has allowed for a growing body of knowledge that is directly applicable to the feeding programs that are in daily practical field use. The range of data that can be acquired is broad and will no doubt grow over time. One of the most challenging problems associated with using gas production methods is that the amount of gas produced varies with different molar proportions of SCFA. For example, a higher propionate concentration is associated with lower gas production because an extra carbon atom in propionate would otherwise have appeared as CO2 (Wolin, 1960). The object of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of noodle waste (NW), tomato pomace (TP) and apple pomace (AP) using the gas production technique.

The evaluation of Acacia and other tree pods for goats: influence of rumen fluid source and polyethylene glycol addition on in vitro gas production

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 132-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mlambo ◽  
F. L. Mould ◽  
T. Smith ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
I. Mueller-Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Acacia Pods

After prolonged exposure to tanniniferous diets, it has been reported that some rumen microorganisms acquire defensive mechanisms against tannins (Brooker et al., 2000) or produce tannin-degrading enzymes. Such rumen microorganisms are said to be “tannin resistant” as their fermentation activity is less inhibited by the presence of tannins in the host’s diet. As acacia pods contain tannins their use as protein supplements for goats in the dry season may require that they be first detannified e.g. by using polyethylene glycol (PEG). However, goats with prior exposure to tanniniferous diets may have developed adaptive mechanisms to deal with tannins. This study, therefore, investigated the need for tannin inactivation in feeds given to ‘adapted’ animals by comparing the effect on the in vitro fermentation of tree pods incubated with and without PEG using rumen fluid from adapted and unadapted goats.

scholarly journals Determination of the In Vitro Gas Production and Potential Feed Value of Olive, Mulberry and Sour Orange Tree Leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Olfaz ◽  
Unal Kilic ◽  
Mustafa Boga ◽  
Abdiwali Mohamoud Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the potential nutritive value andin vitrogas production (IVGP) parameters ofOlea europaea L. (Olive = OL),Morus alba L. (Mulberry = ML) andCitrus aurantium L. (Sour orange = SOL) tree leaves. Hohenheim gas test was used to determine thein vitrogas productions of the leaves. The gas production of samples over time was recorded for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after incubation. Completely Randomized Design was used to compare gas production, and gas production kinetics of samples. The findings of the present study suggested that there were differences among the tree leaves in terms of crude protein, NDF,in vitrogas productions, organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolisable energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEL) and relative feed values (RFV) (P<0.01). ML had the highest condensed tannin contents (P<0.05),in vitrogas production (IVGP), OMD and energy values (P<0.01). SOL had highest RFV values. OL showed the lowest IVGP when compared to SOL and ML. Low NDF and ADF contents of SOL would probably increase the voluntary intake, digestibility and relative feed values of these leaves by ruminants. In conclusion, it was determined that OL, ML and SOL used in the study have lowin vitrogas production and can be utilized as alternative roughage feed in ruminants. However, it is recommended that the results obtained from this research should be tested inin vivostudies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document