scholarly journals Digestion of wood-based hemicellulose extracts as screened by in vitro gas production method and verified in vivo using sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marketta Rinne ◽  
Outi Kautto ◽  
Kaisa Kuoppala ◽  
Seppo Ahvenjärvi ◽  
Veikko Kitunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of pressurized hot water extracted hemicellulose fractions from various wood species as feeds for ruminants. In Experiment 1, the fermentability of several hemicellulose extracts was screened using an in vitro gas production method. The samples were extracted from spruce (Picea abies) including mainly galactoglucomannan (GGM), from birch (Betula pendula) consisting mainly of xylan and from larch (Larix sibirica) consisting mainly of arabinogalactan. The GGM and xylan samples were readily fermented by rumen microbes while arabinogalactan was not. Based on the in vitro study, GGM was chosen for an in vivo digestibility trial using sheep, where it was fed at increasing proportions of diet dry matter (0, 47, 94 and 141 g kg-1) in a Latin Square design. The in vivo organic matter digestibility of GGM was relatively low, 0.58, but PHWE extracted hemicellulose has some potential as a feed for ruminants.

The use of degradation characteristics of browse plants to predict intake and digestibility by goats

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kibont ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

AbstractTwenty-five male goats weighing 16 (s.e. 1-5) kg and aged 15 months were used to measure the dry matter (DM) intake of five browse species namely Acacia albida, Tamarindus indica, Etanda africana, Anogeissus leiocarpus and Sterculia setigera in a growth trial lasting 16 weeks. This was followed by a digestion trial with five goats in a 5 × 5 Latin square with 10 days adaptation and a 5-day measurement period. The degradation characteristics of the browse were measured by incubating samples in nylon bags for 6, 24, 48 and 96 h in the rumens of three sheep fitted with rumen cannulae and given hay plus grass nuts. The exponential model P = a +b(l — ect) was fitted to the data. Rumen fluid from the sheep was also used as an inoculum to incubate the samples in vitro for 3, 6,12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Nylon bag degradability results were compared with in vivo results and in vitro gas production. The mean DM intakes, apparent digestible DM intakes and growth rates were 0·60, 0·62, 0·55, 0·53 and 0·65 kg/day, 0·43, 0·43, 0·35, 0·34 and 0·49 kg/day and 55, 60, 49, 42 and 62 glday for A. albida, T. indica, E. africana, A. leiocarpus and S. setigera respectively. Using the degradation characteristics A, B and c in a multiple regression analysis, the correlation coefficients with DM intake, apparent DM digestibility, apparent digestible DM intake and growth rate were 0·99, 0·88, 0·92 and 0·99 respectively. The inclusion of a lag phase (L) instead of A in the regression analysis improved the prediction of apparent DM digestibility and apparent digestible DM intake. The correlation coefficients between DM loss in nylon bags and in vitro gas production at 6, 24 and 48 h incubation were 0·84, 0·83 and 0·90 respectively. The results indicate that it may be possible to predict DM and apparent digestible DM intakes of browse by goats from the rumen degradation characteristics.

Effects of feeding quebracho tannin diets, with or without a dietary modifier, on rumen function in sheep

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Salawu ◽  
T. Acamovic ◽  
C. S. Stewart ◽  
F. D. DeB. Hoveli
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Quebracho Tannin

AbstractThe effect of quebracho tannin (QT) on the activities of rumen microbes was studied both in vivo and in vitro. The in vivo study was carried out in four rumen environments created by feeding four fistulated sheep a basal diet of chopped grass hay, grass cubes and whole barley (control) with or without the addition of QT and the dietary modifier Browse Plus (BP). The active ingredients in BP are polyethylene glycol (PEG, more than 0·95 of the dry material), polyvinyI pyrrolidone (PVP) and calcium hydroxide. The diets offered were control, control plus 50 g QT per kg diet (CQT), control plus 50 g QT per kg and 0·1 (CQT+ 0·1) or 1.0 g BP per kg (CQT + 1·0). The experiment was a 4 X 4 Latin-square design with periods of 4 weeks. Rumen liquor samples were collected at 0, 2, and 8 h after feeding, 18 and 25 days after commencement of each period. Changes in free and bound proanthocyanidin (PA) concentrations, rumen pH, ammonia, volatile fatty acids (VFA), soluble protein concentrations, particle-bound cellulase and xylanase activities and rumen protozoal counts were used as indices of microbial activities. The same diets were incubated with rumen contents in vitro, except that the 0.1 g/kg level of BP was replaced by a fourth treatment made up of control plus 1·0 g BP per kg DM of hay (CBP). In vivo, bound PA concentrations in the rumen liquor of all the sheep given QT-containing diets were higher than those of the free PAs. The bound PA was higher (V < 0·05) in the rumen liquor of sheep given CQT in comparison with those containing BP. There were reductions in ammonia (P > 0·05), soluble protein (P < 0·05) and total VFA (P > 0·05) concentrations in the rumen liquor of sheep given CQT in comparison with those given the control and BP-containing diets. Reductions (P > 0·05) were also observed in the cellulase and xylanase activities of the rumen microbes and in protozoal counts (P < 0·05) in the presence of QT in the diet. In vitro, QT reduced (P > 0·05) the viable bacterial counts, gas production and the total VFA concentrations after incubation. In both the in vivo and in vitro experiments, BP was able to alleviate some but not all of the depression in microbial activities. The main constituent (PEG) in BP binds to some of the tannins in solution and may displace tannins from tannin-protein complexes.

scholarly journals Determination of the In Vitro Gas Production and Potential Feed Value of Olive, Mulberry and Sour Orange Tree Leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Olfaz ◽  
Unal Kilic ◽  
Mustafa Boga ◽  
Abdiwali Mohamoud Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the potential nutritive value andin vitrogas production (IVGP) parameters ofOlea europaea L. (Olive = OL),Morus alba L. (Mulberry = ML) andCitrus aurantium L. (Sour orange = SOL) tree leaves. Hohenheim gas test was used to determine thein vitrogas productions of the leaves. The gas production of samples over time was recorded for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after incubation. Completely Randomized Design was used to compare gas production, and gas production kinetics of samples. The findings of the present study suggested that there were differences among the tree leaves in terms of crude protein, NDF,in vitrogas productions, organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolisable energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEL) and relative feed values (RFV) (P<0.01). ML had the highest condensed tannin contents (P<0.05),in vitrogas production (IVGP), OMD and energy values (P<0.01). SOL had highest RFV values. OL showed the lowest IVGP when compared to SOL and ML. Low NDF and ADF contents of SOL would probably increase the voluntary intake, digestibility and relative feed values of these leaves by ruminants. In conclusion, it was determined that OL, ML and SOL used in the study have lowin vitrogas production and can be utilized as alternative roughage feed in ruminants. However, it is recommended that the results obtained from this research should be tested inin vivostudies.

scholarly journals Multiple-factor associative effects of peanut shell combined with alfalfa and concentrate determined by in vitro gas production method

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 352-360
Author(s):  
Jiu Yuan ◽  
Xinjie Wan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

The associative effects (AE) between concentrate (C), peanut shell (P) and alfalfa (A) were investigated by means of an automated gas production (GP) system. The C, P and A were incubated alone or as 40 : 60 : 0, 40 : 45 : 15, 40 : 30 : 30, 40 : 15 : 45, 40 : 0 : 60 and 30 : 70 : 0, 30 : 55 : 15, 30 : 40 : 30, 30 : 25 : 45, 30 : 10 : 60, 30 : 0 : 70 mixtures where the C : roughage (R) ratios were 40 : 60 and 30 : 70. Samples (0.2000 ± 0.0010 g) of single feeds or mixtures were incubated for 96 h in individual bottles (100 ml) with 30 ml of buffered rumen fluid. GP parameters were analysed using a single exponential equation. After incubation, the residues were used to determine pH, dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) of the incubation fluid, and their single factor AE indices (SFAEI) and multiple-factors AE indices (MFAEI) were determined. The results showed that group of 30 peanut shell had higher SFAEI of GP<sub>48 h</sub>, DMD, OMD and total volatile fatty acids (p &lt; 0.05) and MFAEI (p &lt; 0.05) than groups 60, 45 and 0 when C : R was 40 : 60. The group of 10 peanut shell showed higher SFAEI of GP<sub>48 h</sub>, DMD and OMD (p &lt; 0.05) than groups 70, 55 and 40 and MFAEI (p &lt; 0.01) when C : R was 30 : 70. It is concluded that optimal SFAEI and MFAEI were obtained when the C : P : A ratios were 40 : 30 : 30 and 30 : 10 : 60.

Predicting the apparent disappearance of starch in the rumen of cows from the in vitro gas production profile of their diet

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 157-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rymer ◽  
D.I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Protein System ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

Assessing the availability of a feed in the rumen is an important element of its characterisation. In the Metabolisable Protein system, it is assumed that all starch is available in the rumen, although clearly this is not the case. However, estimating the amount of starch that is apparently fermented in the rumen is difficult, expensive and cannot be routinely undertaken. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether the in vitro gas production technique could be used as a means of predicting the amount of starch that apparently disappears in the rumen (STA ADR).Four Holstein cows, each fitted with a rumen and duodenal cannula, were used. They were fed one of four diets in a 4x4 latin square design. The diets consisted of grass silage (GS), molassed sugarbeet feed (MSBF), fishmeal (FM) and minerals (MIN). They were also supplemented with either wheat (WHT) or maize (MZE).

Relationship between in vitro gas production and in vivo energy digestibility in growing pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 142-142
Author(s):  
A.C. Longland ◽  
S.P. Bray ◽  
A.E. Brooks ◽  
M.K. Theodorou ◽  
A.G. Low
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

In vitro methods which can be used to predict the nutritive value of feedstuflfs for livestock are attractive in terms of both speed and economy. The in vitro pressure transducer technique (PTT) whereby the gas evolved during the in vitro fermentation of feedstuffs in rumen fluid is quantified by a pressure transducer, has been used to predict the nutritive value of ruminant feedstuffs. Here the potential for the PTT in predicting the digestible energy contents of eight feedstuffs varying in non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) content fed to growing pigs, was investigated.

Comparison of bovine rumen liquor and faeces as sources of micro-organisms for the in vitro gas production technique assessed using twelve graminaceous forages

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 68-68
Author(s):  
R. Mauricio ◽  
A.L. Abdalla ◽  
F.L. Mould ◽  
U.R. Altaf ◽  
T. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Micro Organisms

The experiment was conducted using a range of forages with accurately predetermined OMD values (ADAS) to compare rumen liquor (RL) and faeces (FA) as sources of inocula in the pressure transducer technique (PTT) (Theodorou et al., 1994). Gas production results were examined in relation to OMD determined in vitro (PTT, Tilley and Terry) and in vivo.

In vitro gas production, in vivo nutrient digestibilities, and metabolisable energy concentrations for sheep of fresh and conserved pangola grass

2015 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tikam ◽  
C. Phatsara ◽  
C. Sorachakula ◽  
T. Vearasilp ◽  
S. Samiprem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Metabolisable Energy
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document