Effect of processing barley and wheat grain on the digestion of silage-based diets by breeding ewes

1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. B. Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

AbstractFifty-six individually penned pregnant ewes were offered silage ad libitum with wheat or barley in a replicated experiment. Each of these cereals was either unprocessed or processed by rolling or milling and was offered at 300 g/day from 6 weeks before lambing and at 600 g/day from 3 weeks before lambing. Five and 2 weeks before lambing, total faeces were collected over 6-day periods. On average proportionately 0·18 of the unprocessed wheat and 0·20 of the unprocessed barley consumed was recovered as intact grain in the faeces. Mean digestibility of the organic matter in the complete diet increased from 726 g/kg on whole to 748 g/kg on rolled and 759 g/kg on milled cereal (P < 0·01) at the 300 g/day level and from 721 g/kg on whole to 766 g/kg on rolled and 772 g/kg on milled cereals (P < 0·001) at the 600 g/day level. When the effect of egested whole grain was removed there was no evidence of an effect of cereal processing on organic matter digestibility and although digestibility of fibre was higher with whole than with processed grain the effect was not significant. Wheat-based diets were more digestible than barley-based diets and, compared with barley, wheat appeared to have a beneficial effect on fibre digestion.

A comparison of the digestibility by pigs of whole and rolled sorghum grain fed either in restricted amounts or ad libitum

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (37) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Beames
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Daily Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Digestibility comparisons were made between whole and rolled sorghum when pigs were fed either ad libitum or at restricted levels. The method of restriction was to limit each of two daily feeding periods to 15 minutes. The organic matter and N.F.E. digestibility coefficients were higher for rolled grain than for whole grain. Restriction of feeding time had no significant effect on digestibility coefficients of rolled grain. The data indicate a tendency for digestion to be poorest when whole grain is given for restricted feeding periods.

The prediction of intake potential and organic matter digestibility of grass silages by near infrared spectroscopy analysis of undried samples

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
R.S. Park ◽  
F.J. Gordon ◽  
K. Cooper ◽  
R.W.J. Steen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Baker et al. (1994) and Park et al. (1996) have demonstrated the potential of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for the prediction of organic matter digestibility (OMD) of grass silages. Equally, Steen et al. (1995) and Park et al. (1996) have shown a similar potential in the use of NIRS to predict intake potential. However these workers have all used NIRS with dried silage samples, a practice which increases analytical costs and results in differential losses of volatile components. The present study was designed to explore the potential of NIRS with undried silage for the prediction of OMD and intake potential.One hundred and thirty six grass silages, produced commercially on farms across Northern Ireland, were selected and their ad libitum intake and OMD determined through cattle and sheep respectively (Steen et al., 1995).

Whole wheat grain feeding of lambs. V.* Effects of roughage and wheat grain mixtures

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Bigham ◽  
WR McManus
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ventral Wall

Two slaughter trials were conducted with lambs to evaluate the effects on production and some rumen characteristics of the addition of low quality roughage (wheaten straw) and a high quality roughage (pelletized ground lucerne) to wheat grain diets. In the first trial one group of lambs was given a 1/1 mixture of whole wheat grain and chaffed wheaten straw and another chaffed lucerne hay ad libitum. Lucerne-fed lambs had significantly (P < 0.001) higher dry and organic matter intakes, grew faster and had higher levels of volatile fatty acids in their rumens than lambs offered the mixed ration, although there were no differences between rations in dry and organic matter digestibilities. The apparent nitrogen digestibility of the mixed ration was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than that of the lucerne ration. Of lambs offered the mixed ration, 46% had extensive lesions on the ventral wall of the rumen at slaughter, and these were associated with marked inappetence and loss in liveweight. In the second trial comparisons were made of diets consisting of lucerne (either alone or mixed with cracked wheat) and whole wheat grain + limestone. The effect of treating the lucerne with formaldehyde was also studied. There were no significant differences in carcass gain with the lucerne diets; parakeratosis developed in some animals on lucerne-wheat diets but did not affect productive performance. The animals offered whole wheat lost weight, two died of wheat poisoning, and several animals developed lesions on the rumen wall. _________________ *Part IV, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 26: 729 (1975).

scholarly journals Effect of Partial Substitution of Corn with Whole-Grain Wheat in Fattening Lamb Diets on their Growth Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Mirko Ivković ◽  
Saša Krstović ◽  
Miroslava Polovinski-Horvatović ◽  
Dejan Beuković ◽  
Ivan Pihler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Corn Grain

Summary Wheat grain is commonly used for animal feeding in some regions while it is rarely used in others. Its nutrient composition is quite similar to more commonly used corn grain, but there are some concerns regarding its effect on animal performance and health. However, it appears that usage of wheat grain in animal feeding is dominantly affected by economic rather than nutritional reasons. When used with caution, wheat can be a good alternative to corn. In order to test this, 20 Wurttemberg lambs, three months old, were randomly separated in two groups and fed diets containing 600 g of corn grain, or 300 g of corn grain and 300 g of wheat grain, for a period of one month. The used grains were whole, non processed grains. Two diets contained the same commercial protein supplement and alfalfa hay was offered ad libitum. Both groups accepted their experimental diet well and readily consumed the amounts offered. No health problems were observed. Growth rate was higher in male than in female lambs, but was not affected by wheat inclusion.

The effect of concentrate level on the intake of hays by ewes in late pregnancy

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Orr ◽  
T. T. Treacher
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Predictive Equation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Concentrate Level ◽  
Weight Number

ABSTRACTIn two experiments, ewes carrying two, three or four foetuses were offered restricted amounts of concentrates in the range 0 to 1050 g fresh weight per day and hay ad libitum from day 105 of pregnancy until lambing. The replacement rates of concentrates for forage were similar for both Teeswater × Dalesbred and Finnish Landrace × Dorset Horn ewes in experiment 1 (mean −0·63) when the ewes were offered hay which had an organic matter digestibility (OMD) in vitro of 0·56. There was no significant effect of number of foetuses carried on hay intake. As pregnancy progressed, hay intake increased slightly when hay alone was given and decreased at the higher levels of concentrates.In experiment 2, hay intake by Finnish Landrace × Dorset Horn ewes was significantly higher when hay of higher digestibility was offered (0·52, 0·69 and 0·84 OMD) and decreased when higher levels of concentrates were given. Ewes carrying two foetuses ate more than ewes with three or four foetuses particularly when hay was offered as the sole food. Generally, hay intake decreased as pregnancy progressed and this was more evident when concentrates were offered.A predictive equation is given to enable hay intake to be derived from hay digestibility, concentrate level, ewe live weight, number of foetuses carried and week of pregnancy.

The effect of level of feeding on the digestibility of diets for sheep and cattle

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Leaver ◽  
R. C. Campling ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Linear Decline ◽  
Male Sheep

SUMMARY1. In the first experiment, the digestibility of diets containing ratios of 1:1 and 1:4 hay to concentrates was determined at five levels of feeding in castrated male sheep. With diet 1.1, increasing the daily dry matter intake from 600 to 1400 g resulted in a linear decline in organic matter digestibility from 74·4 to 68·6%. The same increase in level of feeding led to a curvilinear decline in the organic matter digestibility of diet 1.4 from 83·0 to 75·9%.2. In a similar way the crude fibre digestibility of the diets declined as food intake increased. Also the increase in level of feeding caused a decrease in the mean retention time of stained hay in the alimentary tract.3. In a second experiment the digestibility of long dried grass offered ad libitum to eight dry and eight lactating cows was measured and compared with the digestibility of similar dried grass offered at maintenance level and ad libitum to eight castrated male sheep.4. On a metabolic live-weight basis (kg W0·73), the lactating cows ate 34% more organic matter than the dry cows and the mean voluntary intake of sheep was only 54% of the intake of dry cows.5. The organic matter digestibility for the dry cows was 1·9 units higher than that of the lactating cows and at ad libitum intake the organic matter digestibility for the sheep was 5·6 and 3·7 units lower than that of the dry and lactating cows respectively. The results are discussed in relation to the validity of extrapolating results obtained with sheep to cattle, and with non·lactating to lactating animals.

Value of lucerne cobs for milk production

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. E. Archibald ◽  
E. F. Thomson ◽  
R. C. Campling
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Basal Ration

SUMMARYThree changeover experiments, each with 16 milking cows, were conducted to evaluate the effects of stage of growth of lucerne, level of feeding of lucerne or ryegrass and level of inclusion of barley. The artificially dried and processed forages were in the form of cobs and given to cows in addition to a basal ration of hay. Late-cut lucerne (organic matter digestibility, OMD, 55%) promoted significantly lower milk yields than early-cut lucerne (68% OMD). When offered ad libitum in two meals each day both forages were eaten in quantities of about 13 kg dry matter. Ryegrass cobs (79% OMD) produced more milk than lucerne cobs (59% OMD) but gave similar milk yields per unit of digestible organic matter. Production rations supplying similar amounts of digestible organic matter and composed of different proportions of lucerne cobs and rolled barley gave similar milk yields. It is concluded that the relative milk-producing value of processed forages depends on their content of digestible organic matter. However, their bulk may limit their value and the inclusion of cereal with the dried forage may be worth while.

A comparison of the voluntary intake and digestibility by beef cows of diets based on oat straw and supplemented with different forms of non-protein nitrogen

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fishwick ◽  
J. J. Parkins ◽  
R. G. Hemingway ◽  
N. S. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

ABSTRACTPregnant beef cows were given 2 kg barley per day and oat strawad libitum. The digestibility of the organic matter of the diet was approximately 53% when urea included in the barley was given in one or four feeds per day. Supplementation of the barley with di-ureido isobutane improved the organic matter digestibility to 56·7%. When a solution containing urea, phosphorus, calcium and sodium was included in the straw the digestibility of the diet was 59·0%. These improved digestibilities were not associated with any differences in the concentrations of ammonia in the rumen liquor or blood of the cows.

The regulatory effect of pine sawdust (Pinus pinaster) on the intake of wheat grain by sheep

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
RA Hunter ◽  
DB Purser
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Day Range ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum

In two experiments, pelleted diets consisting of different proportions of wheat grain and Pinus pinaster sawdust were offered ad libitum to sheep. The ratios of wheat to sawdust fed in the first experiment were 100: 0, 85 : 15,70: 30, 60: 40 and 50: 50. Organic matter (OM) intakes (and digestible organic matter intakes (DOMI)) were 436(382), 520(423), 244(146), 293(117) and 165(88) g/day respectively. In the second experiment the ratios of wheat to sawdust were 100:0, 80:20 and 65: 35. These diets were fed with and without the addition of formaldehyde-treated casein (FTC). Intakes (OM (DOMI)) of the diet without FTC were 499(442), 611(431) and 239(134) g/day respectively, and of the diets with FTC 500(431), 406(320) and 320(199) g/day respectively. Addition of FTC had no significant effect on intake. Sawdust had a major regulating effect on the intake of wheat. The mean sawdust intake of the eight different diets was 94 g/day (range 73-122 g/day). Since sheep would eat only 94 g/day of sawdust the intake of wheat depended on the ratio of wheat to sawdust, i.e. the quantity of wheat that was associated with 94 g sawdust.

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