An association between the concentration of copper in whole blood and haemoglobin type in sheep

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Wiener ◽  
J. G. Hall ◽  
Susan Hayter
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Haemoglobin Type ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Type Ab ◽  
Mean Concentration

SUMMARYIn a genetically diverse flock of about 320 sheep a significant association has been found between the concentration of copper in whole blood and the haemoglobin type.Sheep were bled on four occasions over a period of 1 year, with the flock mean concentration of copper varying between 53 and 96 fig per 100 ml whole blood. The copper concentrations in whole blood from sheep of haemoglobin type B exceeded those from sheep of type A by 9, 16, 15 and 15 fig per 100 ml on the four occasions respectively. The copper concentrations from sheep of type AB were 8, 11, 7 and 7 μg higher than those from type A.Differences in the frequency of the three haemoglobin phenotypes accounted for part of the breed variation in copper concentration previously observed in the same flock, but even when that effect was allowed for, highly significant breed variation remained. When plasma instead of whole blood was examined in two other flocks from which breed variation in plasma copper concentration had been reported no association was found between the plasma copper concentration and haemoglobin type.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene and frequency of blood types in stray cats of İzmir, Turkey

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Can ◽  
Sedef Erkunt Alak ◽  
Ahmet Efe Köseoğlu ◽  
Umut Şahar ◽  
Berna Bostanbaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Heterozygous Form ◽  
Type Ab ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Cytidine monophospho-n-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene associated with blood groups in cats encodes CMAH enzyme that converts Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc. Although variations in CMAH gene of pedigree cats have been revealed, the presence/lack of them in non-pedigree stray cats is unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the variations in CMAH gene and the quantity of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc on erythrocytes of non-pedigree stray cats (n:12) living in İzmir, Turkey. Also, the frequency of blood types was determined in 76 stray cats including 12 cats that were used for CMAH and Neu5A/Neu5Gc analysis. Results In total, 14 SNPs were detected in 5’UTR as well as in exon 2, 4, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of CMAH gene. Among these SNPs, -495 C > T in 5’UTR was detected for the first time as heterozygous in type A and AB cats, and homozygous and heterozygous in type B cats. The remaining 13 that have been detected in previous studies were also found as homozygous or heterozygous. Both Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac were detected in type A and AB cats. In type B cats, only Neu5Ac was detected. Among two type AB cats, the level of Neu5Ac was found higher in cat carrying heterozygous form (T/C) of 1392T > C. The prevalence of type B cats (67.1 %) was higher than others. Conclusions The presence of a new SNP as well as previous SNPs indicates that more variations can be found in stray cats with a more comprehensive study in the future. Also, the high prevalence of type B cats demonstrates the possible risk of neonatal isoerythrolysis among stray cats living in İzmir, Turkey.

scholarly journals Signalment and Blood Types in Cats Being Evaluated as Blood Donors at Two Italian University Blood Banks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Spada ◽  
Arianna Miglio ◽  
Daniela Proverbio ◽  
Maria Teresa Antognoni ◽  
Giada Bagnagatti De Giorgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Type A ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Transfusion Reaction ◽  
Type B ◽  
Blood Typing ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Blood Banks ◽  
Type Ab ◽  
Transfusion Reactions

Data from potential feline blood donors presented at two university blood banks in Italy were recorded. Blood typing was performed using an immunochromatographic method. Over the three years of the study 357 cats representing 15 breeds, 45.3% female and 54.7% male, with a mean age of 3.8 years were evaluated. Of these 90.5% were blood type A, 5.6% type B, and 3.9% type AB. The majority of the cats (54.6%) were European DSH (92.3% were type A, 5.1% type B, and 2.6% type AB), and 21% were Maine Coon (MCO) cats (100% blood type A). The estimated frequencies of transfusion reactions following an unmatched transfusion between DSH (donors and recipients), MCO (donor and recipients), DSH donors and MCO recipients, and MCO donors and DSH recipients were 4.8%, 0%, 0%, and 5.1% for major reactions and 7.2%, 0%, 7.7%, and 0% for minor transfusions reactions, respectively. In a population of blood donors that includes DSH and MCO the risk of transfusion reaction is between 5% and 8% if typing is not performed on donor and recipient blood. Blood typing should therefore be performed before transfusion to remove the risk of transfusion reactions due to blood type incompatibilities.

Ab Initio Simulations on the Carbonated Apatite Structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 529-530 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Zeng Ren ◽  
Yang Leng ◽  
Xiong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio ◽  
Type A ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Type B ◽  
Carbonate Group ◽  
Stable Type ◽  
Carbonated Apatite ◽  
Carbonate Ions ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Type Ab

ab initio simulations were employed to investigate the crystal structure of carbonated apatite (CAp). Two possible sites for the carbonate ions in the apatite lattice were considered: carbonate substituting for OH-ion (type-A) and for PO43-ion (type-B). A combined type-AB substitution was also proposed and numerous possible charge compensation mechanisms were treated. The results show that the most stable type-A CAp had its carbonate triangular plane almost parallel to c-axis, making an angle of about 2° at z = 0.46. In the most stable type-B CAp structure, the nearest Ca (2) ion was replaced by a sodium ion and the carbonate group was lying almost flat inb/c-plane. Of all the models considered, mixed substitution type-AB where two carbonate ions replacing one phosphate group and one hydroxyl group shows the most stable structure.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Blood Types and Alloantibodies of the AB Blood Group System in Non-Pedigree Cats from Northern (Lombardy) and Southern (Sicily) Italy

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Spada ◽  
Roberta Perego ◽  
Luciana Baggiani ◽  
Elisabetta Salatino ◽  
Vito Priolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Type A ◽  
Regional Studies ◽  
Blood Group System ◽  
Type B ◽  
Blood Typing ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type Ab

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of A, B and AB blood types and alloantibodies in non-pedigree cats from two regions, one in Northern and one in Southern Italy (Lombardy and Sicily, respectively). A total of 448 samples (52.0% from Northern and 48.0% from Southern Italy) were blood typed. The prevalence of A, B and AB blood types in northern and southern cats were 91.0%, 5.2%, 3.8%, and 77.2%, 12.1% and 10.7%, respectively. The prevalence of type-A blood in southern cats was significantly lower (p = 0.0001) than in northern cats, while type-B and AB blood were significantly higher (p = 0.0085 and p = 0.0051, respectively) in Southern compared to Northern Italian cats. Alloantibodies against type-A blood were found in 94.1% of type-B cats, 11.2% of type-A cats had alloantibodies against type-B blood, while no type-AB cats had alloantibodies with no significant difference between the two Italian populations. Type-AB prevalence in non-pedigree cats in Southern Italy was the highest reported in Europe. Italian type-A cats had the lowest worldwide prevalence of alloantibodies against type-B blood. These results highlight the usefulness of regional studies to report different prevalences in feline blood types and reinforce the importance of blood typing cats before transfusions and mating.

Type AB thymoma is not a mixed tumor of type A and type B thymomas, but a distinct type of thymoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 464 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Miki ◽  
Kana Hamada ◽  
Tadashi Yoshino ◽  
Katsuya Miyatani ◽  
Kiyoshi Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Type ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Mixed Tumor ◽  
Type Ab ◽  
Type Ab Thymoma

scholarly journals N-glycolylneuraminic acid and N-acetylneuraminic acid define feline blood group A and B antigens

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 2485-2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Andrews ◽  
PS Chavey ◽  
JE Smith ◽  
L Rich
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Type A ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Type B ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
Group A ◽  
Type Ab

Abstract Blood group incompatibility causes transfusion reactions and neonatal isoerythrolysis in cats. We investigated the molecular nature of the blood group antigens from cats that had blood type A, B, and AB erythrocytes. Naturally occurring anti-type B antibodies, Triticum vulgaris lectin, monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 32–27, and MoAb R-24 were used in agglutination tests, Western blots, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) enzyme immunostaining. Type A erythrocytes had NeuGc-NeuGc-Galactose-Glucose-Ceramide ([NeuGc]2GD3) where NeuGc represents N-glycolylneuraminic acid, and NeuAc-NeuGc-GD3, where NeuAc represents N-acetylneuraminic acid, and may have [NeuGc]2 disialylparagloboside and NeuAc-NeuGc-disialylparagloboside. Type B erythrocytes only had [NeuAc]2GD3. Type AB erythrocytes had [NeuGc]2GD3, NeuAc-NeuGc-GD3, and [NeuAc]2GD3. Blood group antigens were also found on a 50-Kd membrane protein. We conclude that type B erythrocytes are characterized by [NeuAc]2GD3 as the only form of this ganglioside and the presence of NeuAc on a 50-Kd membrane protein. NeuGc is the major determinant of the A antigen; specifically, [NeuGc]2GD3 is the major glycolipid form. The A antigen is also present on a 50-Kd membrane protein.

scholarly journals Frequencies of feline blood types in Hungary

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nóra Bagdi ◽  
Melinda Magdus ◽  
E. Leidinger ◽  
Judith Leidinger ◽  
K. Vörös
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Type A ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Type B ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Type Ab ◽  
Transfusion Reactions

Feline blood group determination is done as a routine diagnostic method in numerous countries. Blood transfusion reactions and feline neonatal isoerythrolysis (FNI) can be avoided with the identification of different feline blood groups. The present study is the first investigation in Hungary during which 100 cats have been examined from all over the country. These cats were out of six breeds: European domestic shorthair, Persian mix, Persian, Abyssinian, Siamese and British shorthair. In the Hungarian feline population European domestic shorthair are most common but other breeds also occur. European domestic shorthair, Persian mix, Abyssinian, Siamese and British shorthair individuals all belonged to blood type A (100%). Blood type B was found very rarely and only in Persian cats. One-third of the Persian cats were categorised into blood type B, whilst type AB was not found during the study.

Titres of alloantibodies against A and B blood types in non-pedigree domestic cats in Turkey: Assessing the transfusion reaction risk

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Gurkan ◽  
Şevket Arikan ◽  
Ebru Ozaytekin ◽  
Tamer Dodurka
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Severe Reaction ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Transfusion Reaction ◽  
Type B ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Cell Destruction ◽  
Type Ab ◽  
Transfusion Reactions

The severity of a transfusion reaction depends on alloantibody titres within the recipients' blood. Determination of an agglutination titre of naturally occurring alloantibody may help to assess the risk of transfusion reactions following an unmatched transfusion in a cat population. In this group of 312 cats 227 had blood type A, 78 had blood type B, and seven had type AB blood. All type B cats tested showed gross evidence of agglutinating anti-A antibody with plasma titres ranging from 2 to 256. Among the 227 type A domestic cats tested for plasma anti-B alloantibody titres, 70% had gross agglutination with titres ranging from 2 to 16, while 17.6% had microscopic agglutination. The remaining 12.4% of the type A cats were negative for both gross and microscopic agglutination. Based on agglutinating titres, the relative risk of a transfusion reaction when type A or AB blood was given to a type B cat was 6.4% with acute severe reaction, acute mild reactions in 85.9% and premature red cell destruction in 7.7%. On the other hand, transfusion of type AB blood or type B blood to type A cats carries a potential risk of acute mild transfusion reaction in 4.4% and premature red cell destruction in 83.3%. Transfusion of type A or B blood to type AB cats results in no apparent clinical transfusion reactions.

Selection for plasma copper concentrations within haemoglobin type in sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wiener ◽  
Susan Hayter ◽  
A. C. Field
Keyword(s):  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Haemoglobin Type ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Single Determination ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Initial Difference

SUMMARYFrom among 27 rams of haemoglobin type A the two rams with the highest plasma copper concentration and the two rams with the lowest were selected on the basis of a single determination. In the same way four rams were selected from among the 29 rams of haemoglobin type B. The average difference between the ‘high’ and the ‘low’ rams was 103 μg copper per 100 ml plasma. The rams were mated to 105 unselected females. Lambs born as a result of these matings were blood-sampled on eight occasions from 3 weeks to 29 weeks of age.The plasma copper levels of the lambs sired by the ‘high’ copper rams were higher on average than those sired by ‘low’ copper rams. The two groups diverged from 12 weeks of age onward to a maximum difference, at 29 weeks, of 18 μg copper per 100 ml plasma. There was also an initial difference of 13 μg at 3 weeks but a much smaller one at 6 and 9 weeks.There was no corresponding difference in plasma copper concentration between the offspring of haemoglobin A and haemoglobin B rams. The results are therefore consistent with the hypothesis that the association previously observed in the same flock between haemo-globin type and plasma copper level is unlikely to be due to an effect of the gene controlling haemoglobin type, but could be due effectively to a linked ‘copper gene’.Correlations between maternal plasma copper concentration 3 weeks after parturition and lamb's plasma copper level showed a marked decline as the lambs grew older, starting from around 0·6 at 3 or 6 weeks old. This suggests a maternal ‘environmental’ influence on lamb's plasma copper in addition to any genetic effects.

Relationships between haemoglobin type and copper concentrations in whole blood and its components in sheep of different breeds

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Wiener ◽  
J. G. Hall ◽  
Susan Hayter ◽  
A. C. Field ◽  
N. F. Suttle
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Haemoglobin Type ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Female Sheep ◽  
Breed Sheep

SUMMARYCopper concentrations were determined in whole blood, plasma and caeruloplasmin and calculated for red cells and non-caeruloplasmin copper in plasma in 215 female sheep, 9 months old, belonging to the Scottish Blackface, Cheviot and Welsh Mountain breeds of sheep and their crosses. Copper determinations were also made on red cells and plasma, and calculated for whole blood, of a contemporary group of 107 female sheep of the same breeds at the age of 4 years. Further, plasma copper concentrations were determined for these 107 sheep from samples taken on several occasions some years earlier.Within breed, sheep of type Hb B had significantly higher levels of copper than sheep of type Hb A in whole blood and most of the blood components. The biggest differences were found in plasma and were 19 ng/100 ml for one group and 37 Jig/100 ml for the other. Type Hb AB sheep were intermediate in copper level. The differences in plasma copper level associated with Hb type were present and of similar magnitude at different ages, seasons and average flock levels of copper.After adjustment for the effects of Hb type, breed differences in copper levels were significant for whole blood and all components but much less pronounced for red cells than for plasma. Copper levels in plasma and red cells were only moderately correlated (r = 0·23–0·40).Combined evidence suggests the existence of a gene with a marked effect on copper level which is linked to the locus for Hb type.

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