Signalment and Blood Types in Cats Being Evaluated as Blood Donors at Two Italian University Blood Banks

Data from potential feline blood donors presented at two university blood banks in Italy were recorded. Blood typing was performed using an immunochromatographic method. Over the three years of the study 357 cats representing 15 breeds, 45.3% female and 54.7% male, with a mean age of 3.8 years were evaluated. Of these 90.5% were blood type A, 5.6% type B, and 3.9% type AB. The majority of the cats (54.6%) were European DSH (92.3% were type A, 5.1% type B, and 2.6% type AB), and 21% were Maine Coon (MCO) cats (100% blood type A). The estimated frequencies of transfusion reactions following an unmatched transfusion between DSH (donors and recipients), MCO (donor and recipients), DSH donors and MCO recipients, and MCO donors and DSH recipients were 4.8%, 0%, 0%, and 5.1% for major reactions and 7.2%, 0%, 7.7%, and 0% for minor transfusions reactions, respectively. In a population of blood donors that includes DSH and MCO the risk of transfusion reaction is between 5% and 8% if typing is not performed on donor and recipient blood. Blood typing should therefore be performed before transfusion to remove the risk of transfusion reactions due to blood type incompatibilities.

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Frequencies of feline blood types in Hungary

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.49.2001.4.1 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 369-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Nóra Bagdi ◽

Melinda Magdus ◽

E. Leidinger ◽

Judith Leidinger ◽

K. Vörös

Keyword(s):

Blood Transfusion ◽

Blood Group ◽

Diagnostic Method ◽

Type A ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Blood Type ◽

Type B ◽

Blood Types ◽

Type Ab ◽

Transfusion Reactions

Feline blood group determination is done as a routine diagnostic method in numerous countries. Blood transfusion reactions and feline neonatal isoerythrolysis (FNI) can be avoided with the identification of different feline blood groups. The present study is the first investigation in Hungary during which 100 cats have been examined from all over the country. These cats were out of six breeds: European domestic shorthair, Persian mix, Persian, Abyssinian, Siamese and British shorthair. In the Hungarian feline population European domestic shorthair are most common but other breeds also occur. European domestic shorthair, Persian mix, Abyssinian, Siamese and British shorthair individuals all belonged to blood type A (100%). Blood type B was found very rarely and only in Persian cats. One-third of the Persian cats were categorised into blood type B, whilst type AB was not found during the study.

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Titres of alloantibodies against A and B blood types in non-pedigree domestic cats in Turkey: Assessing the transfusion reaction risk

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jfms.2005.03.003 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 301-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Mehmet Gurkan ◽

Şevket Arikan ◽

Ebru Ozaytekin ◽

Tamer Dodurka

Keyword(s):

Type A ◽

Blood Type ◽

Severe Reaction ◽

Red Cell ◽

Transfusion Reaction ◽

Type B ◽

Domestic Cats ◽

Cell Destruction ◽

Type Ab ◽

Transfusion Reactions

The severity of a transfusion reaction depends on alloantibody titres within the recipients' blood. Determination of an agglutination titre of naturally occurring alloantibody may help to assess the risk of transfusion reactions following an unmatched transfusion in a cat population. In this group of 312 cats 227 had blood type A, 78 had blood type B, and seven had type AB blood. All type B cats tested showed gross evidence of agglutinating anti-A antibody with plasma titres ranging from 2 to 256. Among the 227 type A domestic cats tested for plasma anti-B alloantibody titres, 70% had gross agglutination with titres ranging from 2 to 16, while 17.6% had microscopic agglutination. The remaining 12.4% of the type A cats were negative for both gross and microscopic agglutination. Based on agglutinating titres, the relative risk of a transfusion reaction when type A or AB blood was given to a type B cat was 6.4% with acute severe reaction, acute mild reactions in 85.9% and premature red cell destruction in 7.7%. On the other hand, transfusion of type AB blood or type B blood to type A cats carries a potential risk of acute mild transfusion reaction in 4.4% and premature red cell destruction in 83.3%. Transfusion of type A or B blood to type AB cats results in no apparent clinical transfusion reactions.

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Distribution of feline AB blood types: a review of frequencies and its implications in the Iberian Peninsula

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports ◽

10.1177/2055116917727693 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 205511691772769 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sandrina M Vieira ◽

Rui R F Ferreira ◽

Augusto JF de Matos ◽

Inês M Cardoso ◽

Rita M C Graça ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iberian Peninsula ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Type ◽

Animal Blood ◽

Blood Typing ◽

Blood Types ◽

Potential Risks ◽

Type Ab ◽

Transfusion Reactions

Objectives The objective of this study was to document the prevalence of feline blood types in the Iberian Peninsula and to determine the potential risk of incompatibility-related transfusion reactions in unmatched transfusions and the potential risk of neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) in kittens born to parents of unknown blood type. Methods Blood samples were obtained from blood donors of the Animal Blood Bank (BSA-Banco de Sangue Animal). Blood typing was performed using a card method (RapidVet-H Feline Blood Typing; MDS). Results The studied population comprised 1070 purebred and non-purebred cats from Portugal and Spain aged between 1 and 8 years. Overall, frequencies of blood types A and B were 96.5% and 3.5%, respectively. No AB cats were found. Based on these data, the potential risks of NI and transfusion reactions in unmatched transfusions were calculated to be 6.8% and 2.8%, respectively. Conclusions and relevance Unlike previous studies, no type AB cats were found in this study. Although the calculated potential risks of transfusion reaction in unmatched transfusions and neonatal isoerythrolysis were low, blood typing prior to blood transfusion and blood typing of cats for breeding purposes are highly recommended.

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Prevalence of Blood Types and Alloantibodies of the AB Blood Group System in Non-Pedigree Cats from Northern (Lombardy) and Southern (Sicily) Italy

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10071129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eva Spada ◽

Roberta Perego ◽

Luciana Baggiani ◽

Elisabetta Salatino ◽

Vito Priolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Type A ◽

Regional Studies ◽

Blood Group System ◽

Type B ◽

Blood Typing ◽

Blood Types ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Type Ab

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of A, B and AB blood types and alloantibodies in non-pedigree cats from two regions, one in Northern and one in Southern Italy (Lombardy and Sicily, respectively). A total of 448 samples (52.0% from Northern and 48.0% from Southern Italy) were blood typed. The prevalence of A, B and AB blood types in northern and southern cats were 91.0%, 5.2%, 3.8%, and 77.2%, 12.1% and 10.7%, respectively. The prevalence of type-A blood in southern cats was significantly lower (p = 0.0001) than in northern cats, while type-B and AB blood were significantly higher (p = 0.0085 and p = 0.0051, respectively) in Southern compared to Northern Italian cats. Alloantibodies against type-A blood were found in 94.1% of type-B cats, 11.2% of type-A cats had alloantibodies against type-B blood, while no type-AB cats had alloantibodies with no significant difference between the two Italian populations. Type-AB prevalence in non-pedigree cats in Southern Italy was the highest reported in Europe. Italian type-A cats had the lowest worldwide prevalence of alloantibodies against type-B blood. These results highlight the usefulness of regional studies to report different prevalences in feline blood types and reinforce the importance of blood typing cats before transfusions and mating.

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Assessment of risks of feline mismatched transfusion and neonatal isoerythrolysis in the Lyon (France) area

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports ◽

10.1177/2055116919863175 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 205511691986317 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alexandra Nectoux ◽

Maryline Guidetti ◽

Anthony Barthélemy ◽

Céline Pouzot-Nevoret ◽

Guillaume L Hoareau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Frequency ◽

Blood Type ◽

Transfusion Reaction ◽

Type B ◽

Immunochromatographic Strip ◽

Blood Typing ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Blood Types ◽

Study Population ◽

A Minor

Objectives The aims of this study were to update the prevalence of different feline blood types in the Lyon (France) area, as well as to determine the risk of mismatched transfusion (MT) and neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) in kittens with parents of unknown blood type. Methods Blood samples were obtained from blood donor cats and cats admitted to an intensive care unit in Lyon. AB blood typing was performed using an immunochromatographic strip. The risk of MT was estimated by adding the risk of a major transfusion reaction and the risk of a minor transfusion reaction. The risk of NI was estimated according the equation (p²)(q²) + 2pq(q²), with q being the b allele frequency and p = 1 – q. The results were analysed by absolute and relative frequency analysis and multivariate analysis. Results The cohort study population included 320 non-pedigree cats and 37 pedigree cats. The prevalence of blood types A, B and AB was 84.3%, 14.0% and 1.7%, respectively. Considering non-pedigree cats, the prevalence of types A, B and AB was 83.7%, 14.4% and 1.9%, respectively. There were no significant differences of blood type distribution by sex ( P = 0.73) or by breed ( P = 0.90). Based on these percentages, the risks of MT and NI in non-pedigree cats were 24.3% and 12.3%, respectively. Conclusions and relevance The prevalence of type B cats is high in the Lyon area and associated with high risks of MT and NI. These results confirm the importance of performing blood typing prior to any blood transfusion or mating.

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Blood types in Bengal cats in the UK

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jfms.2009.03.008 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 826-828 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Danièlle A. Gunn-Moore ◽

Kerry E. Simpson ◽

Michael J. Day

Keyword(s):

Blood Sample ◽

Type A ◽

Blood Type ◽

Type B ◽

Microtitre Plate ◽

Blood Typing ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Microtitre Plate Assay ◽

The Uk ◽

Type Ab

Blood samples from 100 adult Bengal cats from the UK were submitted for assessment of blood type using RapidVet-H Feline blood typing cards (dms Laboratories), with further assessment by standard blood typing in a microtitre plate assay when card typing was inconclusive or revealed blood type B or AB. Ninety-eight cats were found to be type A when assessed using the blood typing cards. One cat initially tested as type AB but was found to be type A on testing a second blood sample using the blood typing cards. One cat initially tested as type B but was found to be type A when a second sample was tested by standard blood typing assay. Finding that 100% of the cats were blood type A is in contrast with previous studies that reported 10 Bengal cats to be type A, four to be type AB and one to be type B.

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Molecular characterization of cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene and frequency of blood types in stray cats of İzmir, Turkey

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-021-07588-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hüseyin Can ◽

Sedef Erkunt Alak ◽

Ahmet Efe Köseoğlu ◽

Umut Şahar ◽

Berna Bostanbaş ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type A ◽

Type B ◽

Exon 2 ◽

Blood Types ◽

Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽

Stray Cats ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Heterozygous Form ◽

Type Ab ◽

First Time

Abstract Background Cytidine monophospho-n-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene associated with blood groups in cats encodes CMAH enzyme that converts Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc. Although variations in CMAH gene of pedigree cats have been revealed, the presence/lack of them in non-pedigree stray cats is unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the variations in CMAH gene and the quantity of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc on erythrocytes of non-pedigree stray cats (n:12) living in İzmir, Turkey. Also, the frequency of blood types was determined in 76 stray cats including 12 cats that were used for CMAH and Neu5A/Neu5Gc analysis. Results In total, 14 SNPs were detected in 5’UTR as well as in exon 2, 4, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of CMAH gene. Among these SNPs, -495 C > T in 5’UTR was detected for the first time as heterozygous in type A and AB cats, and homozygous and heterozygous in type B cats. The remaining 13 that have been detected in previous studies were also found as homozygous or heterozygous. Both Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac were detected in type A and AB cats. In type B cats, only Neu5Ac was detected. Among two type AB cats, the level of Neu5Ac was found higher in cat carrying heterozygous form (T/C) of 1392T > C. The prevalence of type B cats (67.1 %) was higher than others. Conclusions The presence of a new SNP as well as previous SNPs indicates that more variations can be found in stray cats with a more comprehensive study in the future. Also, the high prevalence of type B cats demonstrates the possible risk of neonatal isoerythrolysis among stray cats living in İzmir, Turkey.

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N-glycolylneuraminic acid and N-acetylneuraminic acid define feline blood group A and B antigens

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v79.9.2485.2485 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 79 (9) ◽

pp. 2485-2491 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

GA Andrews ◽

PS Chavey ◽

JE Smith ◽

L Rich

Keyword(s):

Membrane Protein ◽

Blood Group ◽

Type A ◽

Blood Type ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Type B ◽

Western Blots ◽

Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽

Group A ◽

Type Ab

Abstract Blood group incompatibility causes transfusion reactions and neonatal isoerythrolysis in cats. We investigated the molecular nature of the blood group antigens from cats that had blood type A, B, and AB erythrocytes. Naturally occurring anti-type B antibodies, Triticum vulgaris lectin, monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 32–27, and MoAb R-24 were used in agglutination tests, Western blots, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) enzyme immunostaining. Type A erythrocytes had NeuGc-NeuGc-Galactose-Glucose-Ceramide ([NeuGc]2GD3) where NeuGc represents N-glycolylneuraminic acid, and NeuAc-NeuGc-GD3, where NeuAc represents N-acetylneuraminic acid, and may have [NeuGc]2 disialylparagloboside and NeuAc-NeuGc-disialylparagloboside. Type B erythrocytes only had [NeuAc]2GD3. Type AB erythrocytes had [NeuGc]2GD3, NeuAc-NeuGc-GD3, and [NeuAc]2GD3. Blood group antigens were also found on a 50-Kd membrane protein. We conclude that type B erythrocytes are characterized by [NeuAc]2GD3 as the only form of this ganglioside and the presence of NeuAc on a 50-Kd membrane protein. NeuGc is the major determinant of the A antigen; specifically, [NeuGc]2GD3 is the major glycolipid form. The A antigen is also present on a 50-Kd membrane protein.

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Distribution of ABO blood group in children with acute leukemias

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.17532/jhsci.2012.41 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 220-223

Author(s):

Meliha Sakić

Keyword(s):

Acute Leukemia ◽

Blood Group ◽

Blood Type ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Type B ◽

Acute Leukemias ◽

Blood Types ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Pediatric Clinic ◽

Type Ab

Introduction: This study is the fi rst study about the distribution ABO blood types at children with acute leukemia in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of the study is to point out distribution of blood type groups at children with acute leukemia (AL)Methods: The number of children in this study was the following: 145 children with acute leukemia and 27 of children with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). All of the children were treated at Hemato- Oncology Unitof Pediatric Clinic in Sarajevo, in the period January 2000 until December 2010. Age of children was between 1 month and 15 years.Results: The results showed that different blood types were registered in 93. 1% of children who got ill and treated from acute leukemia for the mentioned period. At 6. 9 % of children, none of the blood types wereregistered. It was noticed that 40.9 % children who have registered blood type O, 37% blood type A,16% blood type B and 6.5% blood type AB had AL, too. It has been observed that children with following bloodtypes had AML: O, 47.8%, A, 47.7% and AB, 30.4%.Conclusion: Signifi cance ABO types distribution was confi rmed for children with ALL, p<0, 05. The analysis of the distribution of ABO types based on gender showed that signifi cance was confi rmed at females with both ALL and AML (p<0.05).

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Frequency of Blood Types A, B and AB in a Population of Non-Pedigree Domestic Cats from Central Italy

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10101937 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1937

Author(s):

Morena Di Tommaso ◽

Arianna Miglio ◽

Paolo Emidio Crisi ◽

Andrea Boari ◽

Francesca Rocconi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Central Italy ◽

Blood Group System ◽

Transfusion Reaction ◽

Type B ◽

Domestic Cats ◽

Lazio Region ◽

Blood Types ◽

Umbria Region ◽

Transfusion Reactions

Blood transfusion reactions and neonatal isoerythrolysis are common events in the feline population due to the presence of natural alloantibodies in the AB blood group system. It is known that the frequency of feline blood types varies according to the geographic region and breed. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of AB blood groups in non-pedigree domestic cats in Central Italy and estimate the risk of a life-threatening transfusion reaction and neonatal isoerythrolysis, caused by mismatched transfusion or incompatible random mating, respectively. The AB blood group was determined on non-pedigree domestic feline patients and potential blood donors submitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospitals of the Universities of Teramo (Abruzzo Region, Teramo, Italy) and Perugia (Umbria Region, Teramo, Italy), and visited at veterinary practitioners in Rome (Lazio Region, Teramo, Italy) using commercial immunochromatographic cartridges and commercial agglutination cards. There were four hundred and eighty-three cats included in the study. The frequencies of the blood types were: 89.9% type A, 7.0% type B, and 3.1% type AB. The probability of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction or a neonatal isoerythrolysis was 6.5%. Although the frequency of type B in non-pedigree domestic cats living in Central Italy was relatively low, to reduce the risk of fatal transfusion reactions, blood group typing is recommended before each transfusion.

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