Milk production from silage and concentrates containing varying proportions of dried grass and cereals

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Groundnut Meal

SummaryTwenty-eight lactating cows were used in an experiment of changeover design with four periods to evaluate concentrates containing 0, 16, 32, 49, 65, 81 and 97% dried grass. The dry matter of the dried grass was 63% digestible. The concentrates also contained barley, together with groundnut meal to equalize their protein content at approximately 16-5% of dry matter. All animals had grass silage ad libitum and all concentrates were given at the rate of 0·4 kg/kg milk. Milk yield, milk composition and liveweight change were not affected by including dried grass in the concentrate. No significant effect of concentrate on silage intake was obtained. Ration digestibility and nitrogen utilization were measured with four animals per treatment. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen was not reduced by increasing the proportion of dried grass in the concentrate. The efficiency of utilization of apparently digested nitrogen for total productive purposes (body retention and milk nitrogen) was also not affected by the proportion of dried grass.

A note on the use of kale as a replacement for cereal-based concentrates for milk production

1976 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
F. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Block Experiment

SUMMARYTwenty-four lactating cows were used in a 6-week randomized block experiment to assess the effect of replacing 2·4 kg of cereal-based concentrate dry matter by either 2·6 or 3·2 kg of kale dry matter for cows with ad libitum access to grass silage. Milk yield, milk composition and live-weight change were not affected by the inclusion of kale. Silage dry-matter intake was significantly lower on the kale treatments than with concentrate, being 8·51, 7·89 and 7·95 kg per day for the concentrate, low-kale and high-kale supplements respectively. Energy digestibilities were 68·1, 74·4 and 76·4% and nitrogen digestibilities 67·1, 74·9 and 78·8% for the three treatments respectively.

HIGH MOISTURE GROUND EAR CORN, HIGH MOISTURE BARLEY OR SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED BARLEY FOR LACTATING COWS: MILK PRODUCTION AND RATION UTILIZATION

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. KUNG Jr. ◽  
B. W. JESSE ◽  
J. W. THOMAS ◽  
J. T. HUBER ◽  
R. S. EMERY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fecal Ph

Whole barley was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in laboratory trials. Dry matter disappearance from nylon bags in the rumen of whole barley treated with 2.5, 3.5, or 4.9% NaOH for 30 h was 59.6, 72.4, and 93.0%, respectively, compared with 82.2% for untreated ground barley. In a subsequent lactation trial, 24 Holstein cows (eight per treatment) were fed high moisture ground ear corn, high moisture rolled barley or high moisture whole barley treated with 3.5% NaOH. Milk persistencies tended to be greater for cows fed high moisture rolled barley, next for ground ear corn and least for NaOH-treated barley. Milk composition was similar for all treatments. Dry matter intake was greatest for cows fed ground ear corn and lower for those fed the barley diets. Alpha-linked glucose and pH of feces were similar for cows fed ground ear corn and high moisture rolled barley diets, but fecal pH was lower and alpha-linked glucose concentrations three times greater for NaOH-treated barley. Digestibility percents of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and nitrogen were 61.4, 25.3, 64.7 for ground ear corn; 64.4, 38.0, 67.1 for high moisture rolled barley; and 56.8, 43.2, 54.8 for NaOH-treated barley, respectively. Rumen grain turnover estimated by excretion of ytterbium in feces was greatest for NaOH-treated barley (9.09%/h), intermediate for ground ear corn (6.10%/h) and lowest for high moisture rolled barley (4.93%/h). Key words: Dairy, sodium hydroxide, high moisture grains

Fish-meal supplementation of grass silage given to young growing steers: effect on intake, apparent digestibility and live-weight gains

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sanderson ◽  
C. Thomas ◽  
A. B. McAllan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

AbstractSeventy-two, 4-month-old, British Friesian steers were used to investigate the effects of feeding a supplement of fish meal on the voluntary intake and live-weight gain by young growing cattle given a well preserved ryegrass silage. The silage was offered either alone or mixed with 50,100 or 150 g fish meal per kg silage dry matter (DM) and the diets were offered either ad libitum or intakes were restricted to 16, 19 or 22 g dietary DM per kg live weight (LW). Intakes were recorded daily, LW weekly and in vivo apparent digestibility over one 7-day period during the 132-day trial.For animals fed ad libitum, the absolute intake of dietary DM increased linearly with an increase in the level of fish-meal supplementation such that intake when the highest level of fish meal was given was significantly higher (P < 0·01) than when silage was given alone. However, DM intake per unit LW (approx. 24 g DM per kg LW) was not affected significantly (P > 0·05).Inclusion of fish meal in the diet did not affect the apparent digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, acid-detergent or neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) although there was a trend for slightly higher (P > 0·05) gross energy apparent digestibility when fish meal was given. Increasing the level of feeding reduced NDF digestibility. The coefficients measured at the 22 g and ad libitum levels of intake were lower (P < 0·01 and P < 0·05 respectively) than that measured at the 16 g DM per kg LW level.Animals given silage alone to appetite achieved LW gains of 0·6 kg/day. LW gains increased linearly with increasing level of feeding (P < 0·001) and increasing level offish-meal supplementation (P < 0·001).

scholarly journals Response of silage intake and milk production to replacement of barley by barley fibre derived from integrated starch-ethanol process

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 711-721
Author(s):  
Pekka Huhtanen ◽  
Hannele Ala-Seppälä ◽  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Ad Libitum

A duplicated 4 x 4 Latin Square experiment was conducted to determine the effects of a gradually increased level of barley fibre in the diet on ad libitum grass silage intake and milk production. Barley fibre is a fibrous ethanol-starch by-product (120 g crude protein, 550 g neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and 120 g starch/kg dry matter (DM)). The four supplements, given at the rate of 6.5 kg/d on DM basis, were barley (B) and barley of which 333 g/kg (BF), 667 g/kg (FB) and 1000 g/kg (F) were replaced by barley fibre. In addition the cows were given 1 kg of rapeseed meal and 0.25 kg of mineral mixture. As the proportion of barley fibre in the diet increased there was a linear (P

The supplementation of maize silage for an autumn-calving dairy herd

1976 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
D. G. Cramp
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Urea Phosphate ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYThirty-nine British Friesian lactating cows were used to study the effects on milk production of supplementation of maize silage offered ad libitum during two 3-hr periods each day. During weeks 11 to 24 of lactation a comparison was made of (i) no supplement, (ii) 183 g/day of a mixture (2: 1) of urea: urea phosphate, (iii) 5 kg/day of barley plus 183 g/day of the urea: urea phosphate mixture, (iv) 7 kg/day of dried grass and (v) 10 kg/day of dried grass. The corresponding treatment mean values were: milk yield (kg/day), 10·0, 9·9, 13·4, 15·1, 16·8; fat content (%), 3·43, 3·80, 3·98, 3·92, 3·61; solids-not-fat content (%), 7·95, 8·03, 8·45, 8·51, 8·49; energy intake (MJ/day), 71·2, 76·9, 130·3, 132·7, 138·6; intake of dry matter as maize silage (kg/cow per day), 7·1, 7·7, 8·3, 7·7, 6·5. With the exception of fat content, the differences between treatments 1 and 2 were not significant but the values for these two treatments were significantly lower than those for the other three treatments.

The effects of the frequency of feeding concentrates on milk production and eating behaviour in Ayrshire dairy cows

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Gill ◽  
M. E. Castle
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTTwo separate experiments were conducted with 12 lactating and four non-lactating Ayrshire cows to compare three frequencies of feeding concentrates per day. Milk production was measured in a 16-week experiment in which the lactating cows were given either a low- or a high-protein concentrate 2, 4 or 22 times (×) per day. Eating behaviour was measured in a 15-week experiment in which the non-lactating cows were also given the low- and high-protein concentrates 2 and 22 × per day. The low- and high-protein concentrates had concentrations of 128 and 202 g crude protein/kg dry matter respectively. Grass silage with a digestibility of organic matter in the dry matter of 0·655 was offered ad libitum to all the cows. Frequency of feeding had no significant effects on silage intake, total nutrient intake, milk yield and live weight. The milk fat concentration increased as the frequency of feeding increased but none of the differences in this and the other milk constituents was significant. Total eating time per day and eating and ruminating time per kg dry matter were not significantly different on the 2 × and the 22 × feeding treatments. There were no interactions between the feeding-frequency treatments and the two types of concentrates. It is concluded that there were no advantages in offering concentrates in more than two separate feeds per day when the daily amount averaged about 7 kg per cow and good-quality silage was available ad libitum

NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY LACTATING COWS FED UREA-TREATED CORN SILAGE OR GRASS SILAGE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
D. E. WALDERN
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows

Nitrogen utilization was studied when eight lactating cows were offered ad libitum urea-treated corn silage (15.3% crude protein) or grass silage (14.5% crude protein), plus a grain ration at 1 kg grain to 3.5 kg of 4% fat-corrected milk, in a digestion and nitrogen (N) balance trial. Analyses of the forages indicated greater acid detergent fiber content for the grass than for the corn silage: 46.8 and 35.1% on a dry matter basis, respectively. Digestibility of dry matter, energy, crude protein, true protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and N balance were significantly greater (P < 0.05) for cows fed urea–corn silage than for those fed grass silage. The nitrogen of urea–corn silage was used more efficiently for milk and tissue protein synthesis. Decreased nitrogen utilization for cows fed grass silage was associated with lower energy and higher acid detergent fiber content for grass silage than for urea–corn silage.

scholarly journals Comparison of part-time grazing and indoor silage feeding on milk production

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SAIRANEN ◽  
H. KHALILI ◽  
P. VIRKAJÄRVI
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Ad Libitum

Cows were assigned randomly to indoor silage feeding (with 2 h outdoor exercise) or part-time grazing treatment in two different experiments. One group was kept in confinement with ad libitum grass silage within each experiment. The other group had ad libitum grass silage indoors and they were put out on grass pasture during part of the 24 hour period, 12 hours (night, Experiment 1) and 6 hours (day, Experiment 2) in June, July and August. In Experiment 2, the concentrate (9 kg d-1) was given at two crude protein levels: high crude protein [185 g kg-1 dry matter (DM)] and low crude protein (135 g kg-1 DM). In Experiment 1, night-time grazing increased total DM intake and milk (3.9 kg d-1) production. There was interaction between month and forage feeding strategy, the difference in milk yield being smallest between treatments in June. In Experiment 2, day-time grazing had no significant main effect on milk production but there was significant interaction between month and forage feeding strategy showing 2.5 kg d-1 difference between treatments in July. High-protein concentrate tended to increase the milk yield more on the silage diet compared with the group grazing during daytime. .The differences in milk yield between the forage feeding treatments were mainly due to the higher dry matter intake and higher metabolizable energy content of the pasture grass compared with silage. The lower milk responses to concentrate crude protein in the cows grazing during daytime compared with the silage group indicate a high protein value of pasture grass. It is concluded that part-time grazing increases the milk yield and decreases the need for supplementary concentrate protein.;

The effect of adding a compound feed to herbage, at the time of ensiling, on intake and milk yield

1995 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
D. Wilman ◽  
S. P. Williams ◽  
T. D. A. Brigstocke ◽  
D. H. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Time Of Feeding ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Comprehensive Study

SUMMARYThe idea that the addition of compound feed to grass at ensilage can result in adequate preservation of the crop without the need for an acid additive, and that less compound feed would then need to be given when the silage is subsequently fed, was tested with dairy cows. Two diets were compared: (1) a conventional grass silage, to which acid had been added at the time of ensiling, plus concentrates supplied at the time of feeding, and (2) grass silage, to which a compound feed had been added at the time of ensiling, plus a lower rate of concentrates. Each diet was fed to 12 lactating cows for 82 days.The total intake of dry matter was 17·3 kg per cow per day on diet 1 and 18·3 kg on diet 2. Daily milk yields per cow were 24·5 and 26·1 kg, respectively, with similar milk composition. The estimated diet costs per kg of milk were 9·3 p on (1) and 8·3 p on (2). It is concluded that the addition of compound feed to grass at ensilage is worth considering on dairy farms as an alternative to conventional grass silage, but that a more comprehensive study is needed.

Factors effecting the feeding value of maize and grass silage in late lactation dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 79-79
Author(s):  
F.J. Mulligan ◽  
F.P. O'Mara ◽  
M. Rath ◽  
P.J. Caffrey ◽  
J. Callan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Degradable Protein

Higher dry matter intakes (DMI) have been reported in dairy cows fed maize silage than in dairy cows fed grass silage. The objective of this experiment was to investigate this phenomenon by the measurement of digestibility and the determination of rumen outflow rates for both forages. The response in milk production of late lactation dairy cows to grass or maize silage was also measured.Fourteen late lactation multiparous dairy cows (n = 7) were fed diets containing either grass silage (GS) (DM: 197g/kg; pH: 4.05; NDF: 642g/kg DM) or high starch maize silage (MS) (DM: 339g/kg; pH: 3.94; starch: 360g/kg DM; NDF: 442g/kg DM) ad-libitum plus 4kgs/hd/day of a dairy concentrate (233g CP/kg DM). Urea (460g N/kg DM) was used as a source of degradable protein (10g/kg DM) for the MS diet which also included straw (40g/kg DM). Dietary NDF equalled 542 and 423g/kg DM for the GS and MS diet.

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