scholarly journals Comparison of part-time grazing and indoor silage feeding on milk production

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SAIRANEN ◽  
H. KHALILI ◽  
P. VIRKAJÄRVI
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Ad Libitum

Cows were assigned randomly to indoor silage feeding (with 2 h outdoor exercise) or part-time grazing treatment in two different experiments. One group was kept in confinement with ad libitum grass silage within each experiment. The other group had ad libitum grass silage indoors and they were put out on grass pasture during part of the 24 hour period, 12 hours (night, Experiment 1) and 6 hours (day, Experiment 2) in June, July and August. In Experiment 2, the concentrate (9 kg d-1) was given at two crude protein levels: high crude protein [185 g kg-1 dry matter (DM)] and low crude protein (135 g kg-1 DM). In Experiment 1, night-time grazing increased total DM intake and milk (3.9 kg d-1) production. There was interaction between month and forage feeding strategy, the difference in milk yield being smallest between treatments in June. In Experiment 2, day-time grazing had no significant main effect on milk production but there was significant interaction between month and forage feeding strategy showing 2.5 kg d-1 difference between treatments in July. High-protein concentrate tended to increase the milk yield more on the silage diet compared with the group grazing during daytime. .The differences in milk yield between the forage feeding treatments were mainly due to the higher dry matter intake and higher metabolizable energy content of the pasture grass compared with silage. The lower milk responses to concentrate crude protein in the cows grazing during daytime compared with the silage group indicate a high protein value of pasture grass. It is concluded that part-time grazing increases the milk yield and decreases the need for supplementary concentrate protein.;

scholarly journals Response of silage intake and milk production to replacement of barley by barley fibre derived from integrated starch-ethanol process

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 711-721
Author(s):  
Pekka Huhtanen ◽  
Hannele Ala-Seppälä ◽  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Ad Libitum

A duplicated 4 x 4 Latin Square experiment was conducted to determine the effects of a gradually increased level of barley fibre in the diet on ad libitum grass silage intake and milk production. Barley fibre is a fibrous ethanol-starch by-product (120 g crude protein, 550 g neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and 120 g starch/kg dry matter (DM)). The four supplements, given at the rate of 6.5 kg/d on DM basis, were barley (B) and barley of which 333 g/kg (BF), 667 g/kg (FB) and 1000 g/kg (F) were replaced by barley fibre. In addition the cows were given 1 kg of rapeseed meal and 0.25 kg of mineral mixture. As the proportion of barley fibre in the diet increased there was a linear (P

The effect of amount of protein in the concentrates on hay intake and rate of passage, diet digestibility and milk production in British Saanen goats

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Badamana ◽  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
J. D. Oldham ◽  
A. Mowlem
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTDuring the first 2 weeks after kidding, 27 multiparous British Saanen goats were offered 1·5 kg hay (98 g crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter (DM)) and from 0·45 increasing to 0·70 kg concentrates (152 g CP per kg DM) daily. Week 2 was used as a covariance period. At week 3 of lactation all the goats were allocated to one of three groups and were offered hay ad libitum and 1 kg concentrates containing 117 (LP), 152 (MP) or 185 (HP) g CP per kg DM daily to week 15. During weeks 4 to 15, hay intake and milk yield were highest in the HP group. With increasing protein in the concentrates, hay DM intake was 1·20, 1·19 and 1·37 (s.e. 0·060) kg/day respectively and milk yield was 3·04, 3·21 and 3·36 (s.e. 0·080) kg/day respectively (linear response P < 001). There was no significant effect on the concentration of solids-not-fat, fat, total nitrogen or casein in milk. The digestibility of dietary organic matter, acid-detergent fibre and total nitrogen measured after week 15 was significantly greater with HP than with LP (P < 0·05), with MP values being intermediate (linear response P < 005). The rate of passage of ytterbium-labelled hay was unaffected by the treatments. The results indicate that, with lactating goats given hay and concentrates, beneficial responses may be expected to increasing concentrate CP to at least 185 g CP per kg DM.

The effect of type of concentrate and level of concentrate feeding on milk production

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Mayne ◽  
F. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Matter Concentration

ABSTRACTTwenty-four British Friesian dairy cows in early lactation were used in a change-over design experiment with three periods, each of 4 weeks duration. The aim of the experiment was to assess the effects of both the type of concentrate and the level of concentrate supplementation on the utilization of grass silage for milk production. Four treatments consisted of offering 10 kg/day of either a barley (10B) or a sugar beet pulp-based concentrate (10S), each concentrate being offered at two crude protein concentrations of 175 (low) and 245 (high) g/kg dry matter. In a further two treatments the barley-based concentrates containing the low and high protein concentrations were offered at 7 kg/day (7B). All concentrates were offered in addition to the cows having ad libitum access to grass silage containing a dry-matter concentration of 213 g/kg and a digestible organic matter concentration of 668 g/kg dry matter.Silage dry-matter intakes (kg/day) for cows given the low- and high-protein concentrates respectively were: 9·06 and 9·28 for the 7B treatments; 8·21 and 8·33 for the 10B treatments; and 8·04 and 7·97 for the 10S treatments (pooled s.e. 0·11). Fat-corrected milk yields for cows given the low- and high-protein concentrates respectively were: 24·0 and 24·1 for the 7B treatments; 25·9 and 27·0 for the 10B treatments; and 25·7 and 26·2 for the 10S treatments (pooled s.e. 0·57).The higher level of concentrate feeding significantly increased milk yield (P < 0·001) whereas neither energy source nor protein concentration in the concentrates had a significant effect on milk yield (P > 0·05). There was a trend towards a greater response to increased protein concentration at the higher level of feeding.

scholarly journals Replacing grass silage with pea-barley intercrop silage in the feeding of the dairy cow

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PURSIAINEN ◽  
M. TUORI
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Barley Silage

The effect of replacing wilted grass silage (GS) with pea-barley intercrop silage (PBS) on feed intake, diet digestibility and milk production was studied with 8 multiparous Ayrshire-cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Proportion of PBS was 0 (PBS0), 33 (PBS33), 67 (PBS67) or 100 (PBS100) % of silage dry matter (DM). The DM content was 559 and 255 g kg-1 for GS and PBS. Crude protein content was 131 and 170 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Pea-barley silage was more extensively fermented than GS with total fermentation acid content of 120 vs. 12 g kg-1 DM. Silage was fed for ad libitum intake and supplemented with on the average 13 kg concentrate per day. Silage DM intake was 9.2 (PBS0), 9.7 (PBS33), 9.0 (PBS67) and 7.1 (PBS100) kg per day (Pquadr. < 0.05). The energy corrected milk yield [30.3 (PBS0), 29.8 (PBS33), 30.3 (PBS67), 31.3 (PBS100) kg per day] was not significantly affected by the treatment. Milk protein concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to feeding PBS. It is concluded that PBS can replace up to two thirds of wilted, moderate quality GS in the feeding of dairy cows because in this experiment pure pea-barley silage reduced silage intake.

The effects of the frequency of feeding concentrates on milk production and eating behaviour in Ayrshire dairy cows

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Gill ◽  
M. E. Castle
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTTwo separate experiments were conducted with 12 lactating and four non-lactating Ayrshire cows to compare three frequencies of feeding concentrates per day. Milk production was measured in a 16-week experiment in which the lactating cows were given either a low- or a high-protein concentrate 2, 4 or 22 times (×) per day. Eating behaviour was measured in a 15-week experiment in which the non-lactating cows were also given the low- and high-protein concentrates 2 and 22 × per day. The low- and high-protein concentrates had concentrations of 128 and 202 g crude protein/kg dry matter respectively. Grass silage with a digestibility of organic matter in the dry matter of 0·655 was offered ad libitum to all the cows. Frequency of feeding had no significant effects on silage intake, total nutrient intake, milk yield and live weight. The milk fat concentration increased as the frequency of feeding increased but none of the differences in this and the other milk constituents was significant. Total eating time per day and eating and ruminating time per kg dry matter were not significantly different on the 2 × and the 22 × feeding treatments. There were no interactions between the feeding-frequency treatments and the two types of concentrates. It is concluded that there were no advantages in offering concentrates in more than two separate feeds per day when the daily amount averaged about 7 kg per cow and good-quality silage was available ad libitum

scholarly journals Effects of Microencapsulated Methionine on Milk Production and Manure Nitrogen Excretions of Lactating Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3545
Author(s):  
Layla King ◽  
Janaka Wickramasinghe ◽  
Brooke Dooley ◽  
Carrie McCarthy ◽  
Emily Branstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

The study objective was to determine the effects of rumen-protected methionine (Met) by microencapsulation (RPM) on amino acid (AA) supply to the udder, milk production, and manure nitrogen (N) losses of dairy cows. A corn and soybean-based diet deficient in metabolizable Met (~10 g/d) was supplemented with RPM providing 0, 11.0, 19.3, and 27.5 g/d of Met. Dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, plasma essential AA (EAA), mammary plasma flow (MPF), and fecal (FN) and urinary N (UN) outputs (g/d) were determined. The RPM increased linearly milk yield, milk protein yield, and energy corrected milk yield (p < 0.040) without affecting DMI. Milk protein yield increased by 50 g/d for the 19.3 vs. 0 g/d dose (p = 0.006) but the rate of increment decreased for 27.5 g/d dose. Plasma Met, and MPF increased linearly with RPM dose (p < 0.050). Apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein (p = 0.020) and FN (p = 0.081) decreased linearly with RPM. The UN did not change but total manure N decreased linearly with RPM (p = 0.054). The RPM (19.3 g/d) seemed to help cows overcome the metabolizable Met deficiency while mitigating manure N excretions to the environment.

The effect of a gradual or rapid dietary changeover from a grazed pasture to a conserved forage-based diet on milk yield, cow condition and rumen pH of late-lactation dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
R. P. McDonnell ◽  
M. vH. Staines
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Performance

A 40-day experiment was conducted to determine the effect of a gradual versus rapid changeover from grazed pasture to grass silage on production and performance in late-lactation Holstein–Friesian cows. Eighty cows were assigned to one of the following two treatments (two groups of 20 cows each): (1) gradual changeover from grazed pasture to grass silage over a 10-day adaptation period (GRAD), or (2) immediate changeover from grazed pasture to grass silage, with no adaptation period (RAPID). In addition to grazed pasture and grass silage, cows also received equal daily amounts of supplementary concentrates throughout the 40 days (ranging from 6.6 to 7.5 kg DM/cow). The experiment was divided into three periods. In Period 1 (Days 1–12), all cows received a generous pasture allowance and no grass silage was offered. In Period 2 (Days 13–22), GRAD cows were gradually introduced to grass silage on a stepwise basis, while still consuming grazed pasture, while RAPID cows received grazed pasture until Day 17, before switching to ad libitum grass silage from Day 18 onward. In Period 3 (Days 23–40), all cows received ad libitum pasture silage and no grazed pasture. Feed intake, milk volume and composition, and rumen pH were measured. Treatment did not affect estimated dry-matter intake of grazed pasture or measured dry-matter intake of silage. Milk yield did not differ between treatments from Day 1 to Day 18 (mean 29.3 L/cow; P &gt; 0.05), but was greater in GRAD cows from Day 19 to Day 27 (mean 25.6 vs 22.1 L/cow; P &lt; 0.001). From Day 28 onward, no effect of treatment was detected apart from a 3-day juncture from Day 34 to Day 36, where milk yield in the GRAD treatment was greater (mean 22.8 vs 21.0 L/cow; P = 0.02). Milk fat and protein concentrations were unaffected by treatment throughout (mean 4.15% for milk fat, 3.37% for milk protein; P &gt; 0.05). Mean rumen pH was also unaffected by treatment in periods 1 and 2 (mean 6.27; P &gt; 0.05), but were greater in Period 3 in GRAD cows (6.34 vs 6.26 for GRAD vs RAPID; P &lt; 0.001), while the amount of time spent under pH 6.0 did not differ between treatments (mean 2.45 h/day; P &gt; 0.05). Changing the dietary forage source from grazed pasture to grass silage over a 10-day period increased milk yield, compared with having no dietary adaptation period, and the cumulative difference for the duration of this experiment amounted to 37 L/cow.

A note on the use of kale as a replacement for cereal-based concentrates for milk production

1976 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
F. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Block Experiment

SUMMARYTwenty-four lactating cows were used in a 6-week randomized block experiment to assess the effect of replacing 2·4 kg of cereal-based concentrate dry matter by either 2·6 or 3·2 kg of kale dry matter for cows with ad libitum access to grass silage. Milk yield, milk composition and live-weight change were not affected by the inclusion of kale. Silage dry-matter intake was significantly lower on the kale treatments than with concentrate, being 8·51, 7·89 and 7·95 kg per day for the concentrate, low-kale and high-kale supplements respectively. Energy digestibilities were 68·1, 74·4 and 76·4% and nitrogen digestibilities 67·1, 74·9 and 78·8% for the three treatments respectively.

Factors effecting the feeding value of maize and grass silage in late lactation dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 79-79
Author(s):  
F.J. Mulligan ◽  
F.P. O'Mara ◽  
M. Rath ◽  
P.J. Caffrey ◽  
J. Callan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Degradable Protein

Higher dry matter intakes (DMI) have been reported in dairy cows fed maize silage than in dairy cows fed grass silage. The objective of this experiment was to investigate this phenomenon by the measurement of digestibility and the determination of rumen outflow rates for both forages. The response in milk production of late lactation dairy cows to grass or maize silage was also measured.Fourteen late lactation multiparous dairy cows (n = 7) were fed diets containing either grass silage (GS) (DM: 197g/kg; pH: 4.05; NDF: 642g/kg DM) or high starch maize silage (MS) (DM: 339g/kg; pH: 3.94; starch: 360g/kg DM; NDF: 442g/kg DM) ad-libitum plus 4kgs/hd/day of a dairy concentrate (233g CP/kg DM). Urea (460g N/kg DM) was used as a source of degradable protein (10g/kg DM) for the MS diet which also included straw (40g/kg DM). Dietary NDF equalled 542 and 423g/kg DM for the GS and MS diet.

scholarly journals Feed Intake and Live Weight Gain of Hereford Bulls Offered Diets Based on Whole-Crop Barley and Whole-Crop Wheat Silages Relative to Moderately Digestible Grass Silage with or without Protein Supplementation

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1123-1134
Author(s):  
Arto Huuskonen ◽  
Maiju Pesonen ◽  
Erkki Joki-Tokola
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractThe present experiment was conducted to study the performance of Hereford bulls offered diets based on whole-crop barley (WCB) and whole-crop wheat (WCW) silages relative to a moderately digestible grass silage (GS)-based diet with or without rapeseed meal (RSM) supplementation. The experiment comprised 30 bulls and a 3×2 factorial design was used. The bulls were offered silages ad libitum. In all forage diets (WCB, WCW, GS) the concentrate used was either rolled barley alone or rolled barley plus RSM. The amount of the concentrate supplementation was 37 g/metabolic live weight/animal/day for all treatments. The crude protein (CP) content of barley was 126 g/kg dry matter (DM) and the CP content of the concentrate increased 23% with RSM supplementation. Average live weight gains (LWG) for the GS, WCB and WCW feedings were 1411, 1331 and 1181 g/d, respectively. Differences in diet digestibility and energy intake probably explain the differences in LWG among the forage types. RSM supplementation increased both silage and total DM intake in the WCB and WCW feedings but not in the GS feeding. Furthermore, RSM supplementation increased LWG 7 and 17% in the WCB and WCW feedings, respectively, but only 2% in the GS feeding.

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