scholarly journals Response of silage intake and milk production to replacement of barley by barley fibre derived from integrated starch-ethanol process

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 711-721
Author(s):  
Pekka Huhtanen ◽  
Hannele Ala-Seppälä ◽  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Ad Libitum

A duplicated 4 x 4 Latin Square experiment was conducted to determine the effects of a gradually increased level of barley fibre in the diet on ad libitum grass silage intake and milk production. Barley fibre is a fibrous ethanol-starch by-product (120 g crude protein, 550 g neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and 120 g starch/kg dry matter (DM)). The four supplements, given at the rate of 6.5 kg/d on DM basis, were barley (B) and barley of which 333 g/kg (BF), 667 g/kg (FB) and 1000 g/kg (F) were replaced by barley fibre. In addition the cows were given 1 kg of rapeseed meal and 0.25 kg of mineral mixture. As the proportion of barley fibre in the diet increased there was a linear (P

scholarly journals Replacing grass silage with pea-barley intercrop silage in the feeding of the dairy cow

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PURSIAINEN ◽  
M. TUORI
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Barley Silage

The effect of replacing wilted grass silage (GS) with pea-barley intercrop silage (PBS) on feed intake, diet digestibility and milk production was studied with 8 multiparous Ayrshire-cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Proportion of PBS was 0 (PBS0), 33 (PBS33), 67 (PBS67) or 100 (PBS100) % of silage dry matter (DM). The DM content was 559 and 255 g kg-1 for GS and PBS. Crude protein content was 131 and 170 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Pea-barley silage was more extensively fermented than GS with total fermentation acid content of 120 vs. 12 g kg-1 DM. Silage was fed for ad libitum intake and supplemented with on the average 13 kg concentrate per day. Silage DM intake was 9.2 (PBS0), 9.7 (PBS33), 9.0 (PBS67) and 7.1 (PBS100) kg per day (Pquadr. < 0.05). The energy corrected milk yield [30.3 (PBS0), 29.8 (PBS33), 30.3 (PBS67), 31.3 (PBS100) kg per day] was not significantly affected by the treatment. Milk protein concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to feeding PBS. It is concluded that PBS can replace up to two thirds of wilted, moderate quality GS in the feeding of dairy cows because in this experiment pure pea-barley silage reduced silage intake.

scholarly journals Comparison of part-time grazing and indoor silage feeding on milk production

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SAIRANEN ◽  
H. KHALILI ◽  
P. VIRKAJÄRVI
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Ad Libitum

Cows were assigned randomly to indoor silage feeding (with 2 h outdoor exercise) or part-time grazing treatment in two different experiments. One group was kept in confinement with ad libitum grass silage within each experiment. The other group had ad libitum grass silage indoors and they were put out on grass pasture during part of the 24 hour period, 12 hours (night, Experiment 1) and 6 hours (day, Experiment 2) in June, July and August. In Experiment 2, the concentrate (9 kg d-1) was given at two crude protein levels: high crude protein [185 g kg-1 dry matter (DM)] and low crude protein (135 g kg-1 DM). In Experiment 1, night-time grazing increased total DM intake and milk (3.9 kg d-1) production. There was interaction between month and forage feeding strategy, the difference in milk yield being smallest between treatments in June. In Experiment 2, day-time grazing had no significant main effect on milk production but there was significant interaction between month and forage feeding strategy showing 2.5 kg d-1 difference between treatments in July. High-protein concentrate tended to increase the milk yield more on the silage diet compared with the group grazing during daytime. .The differences in milk yield between the forage feeding treatments were mainly due to the higher dry matter intake and higher metabolizable energy content of the pasture grass compared with silage. The lower milk responses to concentrate crude protein in the cows grazing during daytime compared with the silage group indicate a high protein value of pasture grass. It is concluded that part-time grazing increases the milk yield and decreases the need for supplementary concentrate protein.;

scholarly journals Feed Intake and Live Weight Gain of Hereford Bulls Offered Diets Based on Whole-Crop Barley and Whole-Crop Wheat Silages Relative to Moderately Digestible Grass Silage with or without Protein Supplementation

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1123-1134
Author(s):  
Arto Huuskonen ◽  
Maiju Pesonen ◽  
Erkki Joki-Tokola
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractThe present experiment was conducted to study the performance of Hereford bulls offered diets based on whole-crop barley (WCB) and whole-crop wheat (WCW) silages relative to a moderately digestible grass silage (GS)-based diet with or without rapeseed meal (RSM) supplementation. The experiment comprised 30 bulls and a 3×2 factorial design was used. The bulls were offered silages ad libitum. In all forage diets (WCB, WCW, GS) the concentrate used was either rolled barley alone or rolled barley plus RSM. The amount of the concentrate supplementation was 37 g/metabolic live weight/animal/day for all treatments. The crude protein (CP) content of barley was 126 g/kg dry matter (DM) and the CP content of the concentrate increased 23% with RSM supplementation. Average live weight gains (LWG) for the GS, WCB and WCW feedings were 1411, 1331 and 1181 g/d, respectively. Differences in diet digestibility and energy intake probably explain the differences in LWG among the forage types. RSM supplementation increased both silage and total DM intake in the WCB and WCW feedings but not in the GS feeding. Furthermore, RSM supplementation increased LWG 7 and 17% in the WCB and WCW feedings, respectively, but only 2% in the GS feeding.

scholarly journals Milk production and concentrations of blood metabolites as influenced by the level of wet distiller’s solubles in dairy cows receiving grass silage-based diet

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-290
Author(s):  
Pekka Huhtanen ◽  
Harri Miettinen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Twelve Finnish Ayrshire cows were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 4-week experimental periods to study the effects of replacing increasing amount of barley with wet distiller’s solubles (WDS) on feed intake, milk production, digestibility and blood constituents. The four dietary treatments consisted of grass silage ad libitum and 7.8 kg dry matter (DM)/d of barley, of which 0 (WDSO), 1 (WDS1), 2 (WDS2) and 3 kg DM/d (WDS3) was replaced with WDS. Mainly because of a greater intake of concentrate with WDS containing diets silage DM intake varied quadratically (P

Dry matter intake, nutrient selection and milk production of dairy cows grazing rainfed perennial pastures at different herbage allowances in spring

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moate ◽  
D. E. Dalley ◽  
J. R. Roche ◽  
C. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Selection Differentials

Summary. The effect of herbage allowance (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kg DM/cow. day) on the consumption of nutrients from herbage and milk production by cows in early lactation, was examined. The experiment was conducted on rainfed perennial ryegrass pastures in September and October 1997 in south-eastern Victoria, Australia. The herbage on offer comprised 64% perennial ryegrass, 21% other grasses, 1% white clover, 5% weeds and 9% dead material on a dry matter (DM) basis. The average pregrazing herbage height was 13 cm, at an estimated pregrazing herbage mass of 3.6 t DM/ha. The herbage on offer was of high quality containing 11.6 MJ metabolisable energy/kg DM, 202 g crude protein/kg DM and 525 g neutral detergent fibre/kg DM. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur and chloride were 4.4, 2.2, 4.4, 31.2, 3.5, 2.7 and 11.4 g/kg DM, respectively. As daily herbage allowance per cow increased, dry matter intake increased curvilinearly (P<0.01) from 11.2 to 18.7 kg DM/cow. day. This was associated with a decrease in utilisation of herbage from 54 to 26% and an increase in milk production from 25.9 to 29.1 kg/cow. day. The cows on all treatments grazed for less than 8.7 h/day. The increase in intake was achieved by an increase in the rate of herbage intake from 1.5 to 2.2 kg DM/h for herbage allowances of 20 and 70 kg/cow.day, respectively. Irrespective of herbage allowance, cows selected a diet that was approximately 10% higher in in vitro dry matter digestibility and 30% higher in crude protein than that in the herbage on offer. The neutral detergent fibre content of the herbage selected was lower (P<0.05) than that on offer. The herbage consumed contained more (P<0.05) magnesium, potassium and sulfur, the same amount of calcium and phosphorus and less (P<0.05) sodium and chloride than the herbage on offer. For rainfed perennial pastures in spring, herbage allowance is an important factor in determining voluntary feed intake and production of dairy cows. To achieve 30 L from herbage, without supplementation, high herbage allowances are required. The increase in herbage intake, with increasing herbage allowance, resulted from an increase in rate of dry matter intake and not an increase in grazing time. No relationship was evident between herbage allowance and the selection differentials for in vitro dry matter digestibility, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre. Selection differentials for rainfed perennial pastures in spring are similar to those reported for irrigated perennial pastures in northern Victoria in spring and autumn. When determining nutrient requirements it is important to consider the interaction between herbage intake and nutrient concentration in the herbage.

Maize gluten and rapeseed meal as protein supplements to barley or wheat for intensively finished Charolais-cross bulls

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pullar
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Weight Gain Percentage

AbstractFour diets, barley/proprietary protein concentrate (B/PC), barley/maize gluten (B/MG), barley/rapeseed meal (B/RSM) and wheat/'rapeseed meal (W/RSM) were formulated to contain 165 g crude protein and 13·0 MJ metabolizable energy per kg dry matter. In experiment 1, all four diets were offered ad libitum to Charolais × Friesian bulls from 187 kg live weight to slaughter at about 488 kg live weight. In experiment 2, the B/PC and B/RSM were offered ad libitum to Charolais × (Hereford × Friesian) bulls from 222 kg live weight to slaughter at about 491 kg live weight. There were no significant differences between treatments in daily live-weight gain, percentage fat and lean in the live animal, slaughter weight or days on experiment in either experiment. In experiment 1, the carcasses from bulls given B/PC were 14 kg heavier than carcasses from bulls given W/RSM (P<0·05), but only 10 and 7 kg heavier than from bulls given B/MG and B/RSM respectively (P<0·05). The killing-out proportion of bulls given B/PC was significantly greater (P<0·05) than bulls given B/RSM. In experiment 2, carcass weights were similar but the killing-out proportion of bulls given B/PC were again greater (P < 0·001). It is concluded that B/MG and B/RSM were as effective as B/PC as finishing diets and that wheat can be successfully substituted for barley, when offered with rapeseed meal.

scholarly journals Evaluation of poultry litter on sorghum straw intake and dry matter disappearance using dry cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 584-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Álvarez Zapata ◽  
Jorge Combellas Láres
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Liquid Ammonia ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Sorghum Straw

An experiment was carried out to evaluate supplementation of sorghum straw (SS) with poultry litter (PL) in a single offering/day, and minerals and their effects on feed intake, sorghum straw dry matter disappearance (DMD) in nylon bags and rumen liquid ammonia N concentration. A 4x4 latin square design with 17-day periods and four rumen fistulated stalled cows was used to compare four treatments: (0) SS alone, (M) SS + mineral mixture offered ad libitum (P) SS + 1 kg/day of a concentrate with 83.5 % PL and (PM) SS + supplements used in M and P. The concentrate was offered in one meal and rumen N concentration increased to just over 100 mg/L between 1 and 3 h after feeding, decreasing to less than 50 mg/L after 7 h, levels similar to those on treatments without PL. Dry matter disappearance at 72 h and feed intake increased by the addition of concentrate, but not by mineral supplementation. These results show that the effect of supplementation with PL was due mainly to degradable nitrogen and not by the minerals. A single offering/day is not enough to maintain recommended ammonia N concentrations during most of the day.

NITROGEN METABOLISM AND FLOW OF NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS THROUGH THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP FED FORMALDEHYDE-TREATED RAPESEED MEAL

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
True Protein

Four mature wether sheep weighing 45–50 kg and fistulated in the abomasum and in the terminal ileum with plastic cannulas were used to determine the effect of formaldehyde treatment of rapeseed meal on the digestibility of nutrients and flow of nitrogenous compounds through the gastrointestinal tract. The sheep were fed four pelleted diets containing 8 or 16% rapeseed meal treated with water or formaldehyde at 1 g formaldehyde/100 g crude protein in a 4 × 4 latin square design. Urea was added to the diets containing 8% rapeseed meal at a level calculated to make all diets isonitrogenous; however, the actual N level of the formaldehyde-treated 8% rapeseed meal diet was somewhat higher than for the other diets. The animals were offered 600 g of feed twice daily at 12-h intervals. Formaldehyde treatment of rapeseed meal did not significantly affect the apparent digestibility of crude protein or dry matter of the experimental diets. No significant differences were observed in total N excretion, or N retention among the four treatments. However, N retained, expressed as grams or as a percentage of absorbed N, for the diets containing formaldehyde-treated rapeseed meal tended to be higher than for the diets containing water-treated rapeseed meal. Formaldehyde treatment of the 16% rapeseed meal diets moderated the increases in rumen fluid ammonia and blood urea N levels following feeding. Formaldehyde treatment of the 16% rapeseed meal diet also increased the flow of dry matter, total N (P < 0.01), and true protein N (P < 0.05) in the abomasal digesta of sheep compared to those fed the water-treated rapeseed meal diet. A similar, but nonsignificant (P > 0.05), effect of the formaldehyde treatment was observed in the ileal digesta of the sheep.

scholarly journals Performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls offered diets based on whole-crop barley silage with or without protein supplementation relative to a grass silage-based diet

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Kalevi Huuskonen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Energy ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Barley Silage

This study was conducted to examine the performance of growing dairy bulls offered diets based on whole-crop barley silage with or without protein supplementation when compared to a grass silage-based diet. A feeding experiment comprised 36 bulls which were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum. The four dietary treatments were: 1) grass silage (600 g kg-1 dry matter) and rolled barley (400), 2) whole-crop barley silage (600) and rolled barley (400), 3) whole-crop barley silage (600), rolled barley (310) and rapeseed meal-based protein supplementation (90), and 4) whole-crop barley silage (600), rolled barley (330) and rapeseed meal + urea -based protein supplementation (70). Replacing grass silage with whole-crop barley decreased the carcass gain and carcass weight of the bulls due to lower energy intake. Protein supplementation either as rapeseed meal or rapeseed meal + urea of whole-crop barley silage based diets had no effects on animal performance.

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