The effect of adding a compound feed to herbage, at the time of ensiling, on intake and milk yield

1995 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
D. Wilman ◽  
S. P. Williams ◽  
T. D. A. Brigstocke ◽  
D. H. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Time Of Feeding ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Comprehensive Study

SUMMARYThe idea that the addition of compound feed to grass at ensilage can result in adequate preservation of the crop without the need for an acid additive, and that less compound feed would then need to be given when the silage is subsequently fed, was tested with dairy cows. Two diets were compared: (1) a conventional grass silage, to which acid had been added at the time of ensiling, plus concentrates supplied at the time of feeding, and (2) grass silage, to which a compound feed had been added at the time of ensiling, plus a lower rate of concentrates. Each diet was fed to 12 lactating cows for 82 days.The total intake of dry matter was 17·3 kg per cow per day on diet 1 and 18·3 kg on diet 2. Daily milk yields per cow were 24·5 and 26·1 kg, respectively, with similar milk composition. The estimated diet costs per kg of milk were 9·3 p on (1) and 8·3 p on (2). It is concluded that the addition of compound feed to grass at ensilage is worth considering on dairy farms as an alternative to conventional grass silage, but that a more comprehensive study is needed.

SUBSTITUTION OF RAPESEED MEAL FOR SOYBEAN MEAL AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN FOR LACTATING COWS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
DOROTHY S. WALSH
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

Sixteen lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to treatment sequences in a 4 × 4 changeover experiment. Experimental periods were 28 days in length separated by 7 days for changeover. Cows were fed corn silage free choice and gradually increasing amounts of one of four dairy concentrates containing 0, 11, 22, or 34% rapeseed meal (RSM) of a Canadian, experimental, low glucosinolate–low erucic acid variety. Concentrate intake (kg dry matter/day), milk yield (kg/day) and body weight change (kg/28 days) were 8.45a, 8.71a, 8.37a and 7.17b; 24.40a, 24.03ab, 22.92bc and 21.96c and 7.6b, 22.4b, 13.0ab, and 3.0b for 0, 11, 22 and 34% RSM mixtures, respectively. There was no influence of treatment on milk composition. Ration dry matter (DM) and nitrogen digestibilities declined (P < 0.05) as the RSM in the concentrate mixture increased. The amount of nitrogen excreted in the urine was greatest for cows fed 0% RSM and least for cows fed 34% RSM. Cows fed concentrate mixtures containing 34% RSM had a lower blood thyroxine level than others (P < 0.05), but RSM-containing concentrates had no apparent effect on the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine. Results of the trial indicated that this experimental variety of RSM had no detrimental effect on concentrate intake, DM digestibility, milk composition or thyroid hormone metabolism when included at levels up to 22% in the concentrate mixture. However, milk yield and apparent digestibility of ration nitrogen were decreased (P < 0.05) by the 22% RSM mixture. It was not certain from the current findings whether the depression in digestibility was due largely to the high oil content of the meal or due to the higher fiber content of the RSM-supplemented rations.

scholarly journals Impact Of Genotypes And Parity On Reproductive And Productive Attributes In Dairy Cattle Of Natore District, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
M Saiful Islam ◽  
Susanta Kumar Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

Impact of genotypes and parity on some vital reproductive and productive attributes in the local (L×L, n = 100) and four crossbred cows (L×F, L×SL, L×JR and L×S; n = 318) raised in randomly selected smallholder dairy farms scattered all over Natore District and adjacent areas have been assessed during a period from September 2007 to June 2010. With regard to reproductive attributes, significant differences existed among the cattle genotypes (P<0.05) except for gestation length (GL) and age at weaning (AW). The lowest age at puberty (AP) was found for L×F (21.42±0.37 months), while the highest for L×L (31.67±0.74 months). In terms of productivity, L×F cows produced the highest daily milk yield (DMY; 6.22±0.13 L), coupled with the highest total lactation yield (TLY; 2163.43±47.77 L), while L×L produced the lowest values (1.49±0.04 L and 416.40±12.3 L, respectively) for the traits. The effect of parity on both reproductive and productive attributes showed that the middle-aged dairy cows of the 3rd and 4th parities performed better than the younger (1st and 2nd parities) or the older (5th and beyond) ones. Considering the overall performance, the L×F cows could be ranked as the best genotype followed by their L×SL, L×JR, L×S and L×L counterparts in the study area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9727 JLES 2011 6: 91-96

UTILIZATION OF FORMIC ACID TREATED SORGHUM-SUDAN SILAGE BY DAIRY COWS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. R. LESSARD ◽  
G. A. LODGE
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Lactating Cows

Four methods of ensiling sorghum-sudan grass were compared: A, field wilted to an average moisture content of 69% prior to chopping; B, direct cut and chopped; C, direct cut and chopped with 0.5% w/w of 90% formic acid added at time of ensiling; and D, direct cut and chopped with 1.5% w/w molasses added during the ensiling process. The four silages were fed successively to each of 16 lactating cows over periods of 56 days according to a changeover design. Mean silage dry matter intakes (kg/day) were 10.0a, 9.1b, 9.2b and 9.5ab, and mean milk yields (kg/day) were 16.2a, 16.5a, 17.2b and 16.4a for treatments A, B, C, and D, respectively (where means followed by the same letter were not significantly different; P < 0.05). Digestibilities of dry matter, fiber and energy were significantly lower (P < 0.05) for the formic acid-treated than for the wilted silage. The efficiency of energy utilization for milk yield plus body gain was greater (P < 0.05) for formic acid silage than for any other treatment.

The effect of ammoniated and roasted barley on rumen pH, milk yield and milk composition of lactating dairy cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
M. H. Fathi ◽  
A. Nikkhah
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Cereal grains can provide the major source of energy in diets in order to meet the nutrient requirements of high producing dairy cows. However the amount of starch that can be included in the diets of dairy cows is limited particularly if starch is rapidly fermented such as barley starch. Reduction of feed intake, rumen pH, milk fat test, microbial growth and other metabolic disorders are expected if ruminally degradable starch is fed in amount that cant be efficiently metabolized by rumen microbs. Various techniques for processing barley grain have been developed to decrease the degradability of dry matter in rumen without reducing its extent of digestion. McNiven (1995) showed roasting of barley is more effective treatment. The objective of this experiment was to study of effects the roasting and ammoniation of barley grain on rumen pH, feces pH, milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows.

Effect of post-ruminal infusion of glutamine on plasma amino acids, milk yield and composition in lactating dairy cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Plaizier ◽  
J. -P. Walton ◽  
B. W. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Plasma Amino Acids

The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of supplying post-ruminal L-glutamine in mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows on plasma amino acid profile, dry matter intake, milk yield and milk composition. The experiment was designed as a 4 × 4 Latin square with four 2-wk periods. Cows were continuously infused post-ruminally with graded levels of L-glutamine (L-Gln) for 5 consecutive days during the second week of each period. During the last 24 h of the infusion, blood plasma was collected every 6 h for the determination of plasma amino acid concentrations. Plasma Gln concentration increased (P < 0.05) with increasing L-Gln daily infusions. Infusion of 0, 100, 200, and 300 g d–1 resulted in blood plasma Gln concentrations of 289.5, 299.2, 356.4 and 386.2 mmol L–1, respectively. The level of Gln infusion also resulted in a decrease in the blood plasma concentration of phenylalanine, but the concentrations of all other amino acids were not affected. The administration of Gln did not affect dry matter intake, milk yield and milk composition. Key words: Post-ruminal, L-glutamine, plasma amino acids, milk constituents

EFFECT OF LEVEL OF ALFALFA PELLETS ON INTAKE OF EARLY AND LATE HARVESTED TIMOTHY SILAGES OF DIFFERENT DRY MATTER CONTENT BY DAIRY COWS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. BURGESS ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
E. A. GRANT
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Timothy Grass ◽  
Ad Libitum

Two experiments were carried out, using 36 lactating Holstein cows, to determine the effect of three levels (0, 4.5 and 9.0 kg/day) of alfalfa pellets (AP) on the ad libitum consumption of early and late harvested timothy grass silages of different dry matter (DM) content. Cows consumed significantly more wilted than nonwilted silage DM for both the early and late harvested grass, although milk yields were similar for both groups. For the early harvested, wilted and nonwilted silages, feeding AP did not significantly depress silage DM intake until a level of 9.0 kg/day was reached. Total ration DM intake increased significantly with each increment of AP. With the late harvested silages, AP at the 9.0 kg/day level reduced nonwilted silage DM intake while with the wilted silage each increase of AP significantly lowered silage DM intake. Both the 4.5 and 9.0 kg/day of AP increased total DM consumption with the nonwilted silage but 9.0 kg/day of AP was required to significantly increase total DM intake for cows fed the late harvested, wilted silage. Milk yield and milk composition were not changed by the level of AP supplementation or the type of silage fed.

THE INVESTIGATION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE OR BENTONITE AS SUPPLEMENTS IN SILAGES FED TO LACTATING COWS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
V. G. MACKAY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows

Two experiments with lactating Holsteins were carried out to determine the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or bentonite, added to silage prior to feeding, as a means of increasing dry matter intake. In the first trials the feed, consisting of 10% grain mixture, 45% grass silage and 45% corn silage, was supplemented with 0, 0.6 or 1.2% bentonite in a 3 × 3 latin square utilizing 12 cows and 28-day test periods. Neither level of bentonite improved dry matter intake or milk yield. Milk composition, molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids, plasma calcium and phosphorus were not influenced by additions of bentonite. Apparent dry matter digestibility was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by the addition of bentonite at the 0.6 and 1.2% levels compared to the cows fed the unsupplemented ration. The digestibility of acid detergent fiber was lower (P < 0.05) for cows fed the silage mixture supplemented with 1.2% bentonite than for the controls. In the second trial a silage mixture consisting of approximately 30% grass silage and 70% corn silage was supplemented with either 0.8% NaHCO3, 2.1% bentonite or neither and fed in a 3 × 3 latin square utilizing 15 cows and 28-day treatment periods. Compared to control cows, neither NaHCO3 nor bentonite had any significant (P > 0.05) influence on dry matter intake, milk yield or rumen fermentation. However, the addition of NaHCO3 to the silage improved milk yield and feed conversion (P < 0.05) when compared to cows fed the silage supplemented with bentonite. It was concluded from these trials that bentonite should not be used as a supplement to silage diets fed to lactating cows. The results suggested that NaHCO3 supplementation had little if any beneficial effect when grass silage made up approximately 30% of the total diet. Key words: NaHCO3, bentonite, lactating cows, silage intake, digestibility

scholarly journals Supplementing pasture-fed dairy cows with pasture silage, maize silage, Lotus silage or sulla silage in summer - does it increase production?

2002 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
S.L. Woodward ◽  
A.V. Chaves ◽  
G.C. Waghorn ◽  
P.G. Laboyrie
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Silage Maize

Forages suitable for supplementing pasture-fed dairy cows over summer-autumn must provide adequate dry matter (DM) and increase milk yield above that produced by cows grazing normal ryegrass/white clover pasture, without compromising milk composition. A trial was conducted in January-February 2001 to compare the benefits obtained from feeding four types of silage. There were two silages that contained condensed tannins (CT) (birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and sulla (Hedysarum coronarium)), maize silage or traditional ryegrass-dominant pasture silage, all fed at 5 kg DM/cow/d with restricted pasture. Cows on the restricted pasture (control) treatment and those fed the silage treatments were offered an allowance of 25 kg DM pasture/cow/d, while the full pasture cows were offered 50 kg DM pasture/cow/d. Silage supplementation, regardless of silage type, increased both total dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production compared with the restricted pasture treatment. Cows on the Lotus silage supplement, and the full pasture treatment had significantly higher milk yields than the other silage-supplemented cows, all of which had similar milk yields. For the Lotus silage treatment, the high milk yield was probably due to a combination of the higher nutritive value of the silage, and to the action of CT, because the total DMI of the cows on the Lotus silage was the same as that of cows on the pasture silage and maize silage. The high milk yield of the full pasture treatment was mainly a result of the cows having a significantly higher total DMI than cows on all the other treatments. This trial has demonstrated the potential benefit of silage supplementation, particularly with Lotus silage, for increased milksolids yield in summerautumn when low pasture growth rates and quality may otherwise limit production. Keywords: condensed tannins, dairy cows, Lotus, maize, milksolids, ryegrass, silage, sulla, supplementation

A note on the use of kale as a replacement for cereal-based concentrates for milk production

1976 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
F. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Block Experiment

SUMMARYTwenty-four lactating cows were used in a 6-week randomized block experiment to assess the effect of replacing 2·4 kg of cereal-based concentrate dry matter by either 2·6 or 3·2 kg of kale dry matter for cows with ad libitum access to grass silage. Milk yield, milk composition and live-weight change were not affected by the inclusion of kale. Silage dry-matter intake was significantly lower on the kale treatments than with concentrate, being 8·51, 7·89 and 7·95 kg per day for the concentrate, low-kale and high-kale supplements respectively. Energy digestibilities were 68·1, 74·4 and 76·4% and nitrogen digestibilities 67·1, 74·9 and 78·8% for the three treatments respectively.

The effect of the replacement of grass silage by increasing proportions of urea-treated whole-crop wheat on food intake and apparent digestibility and milk production by dairy cows

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
A. L. Abdalla ◽  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
S. B. Cammell ◽  
D. J. Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
The Difference

AbstractSix Holstein-Friesian cows in mid lactation were used to examine the effects of replacing increasing proportions of grass silage (GS) by whole-crop wheat (WCW) in the diet of lactating dairy cows. Grass silage was a first-cut perennial ryegrass. The WCW was harvested at 645 g dry matter (DM) per kg and was preserved with either 20 (WCW-20) or 40 (WCW-40) kg urea per t DM. The diets were 6 kg DM dairy concentrate daily with one of six forage treatments offered ad libitum. The forage treatments were GS alone, GS with either WCW-20 or WCW-40 in a 2:1 DM ratio, GS with either WCW-20 or WCW-40 in a 1:2 DM ratio, or WCW-40 alone. The experiment consisted of an incomplete change-over design with three 4-week periods. DM intakes were highest with the mixtures (P < 0·05) but milk yield was not significantly affected by the treatments although it tended to be highest with the 1:2 ratio. Milk composition responses were generally small and non-significant, but yields of fat and protein were highest with the mixtures (P < 0·05). The apparent digestibility of DM and organic matter (OM) decreased linearly (P · 0·01) with increasing WCW inclusion but digestible DM and OM intakes were not significantly affected. Apparent digestibility of neutral-detergent fibre tended to be lower with the forage mixtures (quadratic P < 0·20). Apparent digestibility of starch was higher with GS than with diets containing WCW and decreased linearly with diets containing increasing proportions of WCW (P < 0·01). Intakes of starch and digestible starch rose with increasing WCW inclusion but so also did faecal starch output such that 0·75 kg starch per day was excreted on WCW-40 alone. Water intake from food and water excretion in urine decreased linearly with increasing WCW inclusion but water excretion in faeces and milk was not significantly affected by diet. The difference between measured water intake and output (water deficit) increased from 38 kg/day on GS alone to 58 kg/day on WCW-40 alone (linear P < 0·001). The only effects of level of urea treatment were to increase milk urea concentration (P < 0·05). It is concluded that the small size of the milk yield response to the increased forage intake obtained when up to two-thirds of the GS is replaced by WCW is due to the reduced digestibility of the OM and particularly of the starch component resulting from the egestion of whole wheat grains in the faeces.

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