Factors affecting calving difficulty and gestation length in cows mated to Chianina bulls and factors affecting the birth weight of their calves

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wilson ◽  
M. B. Willis ◽  
C. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Birth Parity ◽  
Calving Difficulty ◽  
Calving Performance ◽  
Imported Semen

SummaryImported semen from 10 Italian Chianina bulls was used to inseminate beef and dairy cattle throughout England and Southern Scotland. A total of 2134 records of calving performance were subjected to least squares analyses. Dystocia score was significantly affected by county of birth, parity of dam, sire, type of birth, birth weight (P < 0·001), season of birth and sex of calf (P < 0·01). There were no significant effects of breed or size of cow. Serious dystocia was encountered in 3% of calvings, with the incidence for individual sires ranging from 1·7% to 6·7%. Arithmetic mean gestation length was 284·2 days and it was significantly affected by county, sire (P < 0·05), sex of calf (P < 0·01), and type of birth (P < 0·001). Arithmetic mean birth weight of the calves was 41·2 kg and this was significantly affected by all main effects studied except season of birth and type of herd.

Gestation length, birth weight and growth rates of pure-bred indigenous goats and their crosses in Kenya

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ruvuna ◽  
T. C. Cartwright ◽  
H. Blackburn ◽  
M. Okeyo ◽  
S. Chema
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
East African ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Indigenous Goats

SummaryData on gestation period of 701 indigenous East African and Galla does and pre- and postweaning growth of 810 pure-bred and cross-bred kids were analysed by least squares statistical analysis. Breeds of kids were East African, Galla, Toggenburg × East African, Toggenburg × Galla, Anglo-Nubian × East African and Anglo-Nubian × Galla. Average gestation length was 149 days and was significantly (P < 0·05) affected by type of birth of the kid, year–month of kidding, and age of dam. Does carrying twins had shorter gestation length than does carrying singles. Sex and breed of kid did not have significant effect on gestation length.Significant (P < 0·05) factors affecting birth weight, weight at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 210 and 270 days of age, and preweaning growth rate were breed and sex of kid, type of birth, year–month and age of dam. Male kids grew faster and were heavier than females. Kids born single were heavier and grew faster than twin-born kids. Kids from dams less than 3 years old weighed less than kids from older dams. Cross-bred kids had higher preweaning growth rates than indigenous pure-bred kids. The Anglo-Nubian × Galla cross was heaviest while the East African ranked lowest. The results point to importance of cross-breeding with temperate breeds to increase growth rates of indigenous goats. Comparison of Toggenburg and Anglo-Nubian sires for cross-breeding showed both buck breeds produced kids with roughly equal growth rates. Evaluation of indigenous Galla and East African dams for cross-breeding showed Galla dams produced heavier kids than East African but preweaning growth rates were not significantly different.

Risk factors associated with dystocia in a tie stall dairy herd

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. López Helguera ◽  
A. Behrouzi ◽  
J.P. Kastelic ◽  
M.G. Colazo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

The aims of the study were to: (1) investigate factors affecting calf birth weight (CBW) and gestation length (GL); and (2) determine risk factors associated with dystocia in 1019 Holstein heifers and cows in a tie stall dairy herd. Calf sex (CS), sire, and GL were related to CBW in primiparous and multiparous cows, with no significant effect of season, age of primiparous cows (AGE) or days in milk (DIM) of multiparous cows at conception. Gestation length was affected by CS in primiparous, with a shorter GL for female versus male calves (275.7 ± 0.5 vs. 278.3 ± 0.4; P < 0.001). Also, GL was shorter in multiparous cows that calved during the cold season compared to those that calved in mild or warm seasons. Primiparous cows had a higher prevalence of dystocia compared to multiparous cows (32.1 vs. 8.5%; P < 0.001), but it was highly variable depending on sire (24.4%–60.0% for primiparous and 0%–21.1% for multiparous). In conclusion, CS, sire, and GL were related to CBW, whereas GL was affected by CS in primiparous and season in multiparous. The CBW was the major factor affecting dystocia in primiparous cows, whereas sire and twin pregnancies were factors related to dystocia in both primiparous and multiparous cows.

Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting pre-weaning survivability in kids

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Singh ◽  
H. R. Mishra ◽  
C. S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Filial Generation ◽  
Group Sex

ABSTRACTThe present study was carried out on 1243 kids (379 Black Bengal; 568 Jamunapari × Black Bengal and 296 Beetal × Black Bengal) born between 1981 and 1986. Data were analysed to study the influence of genetic group, sex, season of birth, type of birth, birth weight, dam's weight at kidding, filial generation and parity of dam (as covariate) on survivability of kids during the pre-weaning period (0 to 90 days of age). The overall survival rates during 0 to 15, 16 to 30, 31 to 60, 61 to 90 and 0 to 90 days of age were 81·68 (s.e. 2·89), 95·55 (s.e. 2·00), 90·77 (s.e. 2·33), 93·31 (s.e. 2·59) and 69·94 (s.e. 3·65) % respectively. Variation in survival rates from 0 to 15 days of age was significant due to genetic group (P < 0·01), birth weight (P < 0·01), dam's weight at kidding and parity of dams as a covariate (P < 0·05). Season of birth (P < 0·05), weight of kids (P < 0·01) and dam's weight at kidding (P < 0·01) had significant effects on survival rate during 0 to 90 days of age. Sex and type of birth had no significant effect on survival rates. The interaction effects of genetic groups with season of birth and sex on pre-weaning survival rates were not significant in all ages except the effect between genetic group and sex during 31 to 60 days of age. An improvement in survival rates during the period of study was noticed with the increase in filial generation number from Fj to F3, although the difference was not significant except from 61 to 90 days of age (P < 0·05). Birth weight of kids had a positive linear relationship with survivability during the pre-weaning period. Summer-born kids had a significantly lower survival rate than those born in the winter and monsoon periods from 16 to 30, 61 to 90 and from 0 to 90 days of age. A negative linear relationship was observed between dam's weight at kidding and survival rates of kids from 0 to 90 days of age except the 25 to 30 kg dams deviate. Heritability estimates of survival rates during pre-weaning periods were not significantly different from zero, indicating that improvement by simple selection is probably limited.

scholarly journals Evaluation of gestation length and birth weight of offspring of Polish native cattle breeds in context of estimating genetic parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
Nienartowicz-Zdrojewska Anna ◽  
Sobek Zbigniew ◽  
Różańska-Zawieja Jolanta
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Native Cattle ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Calving Difficulty ◽  
Birth Body Weight

Research material included data on gestation length of 15 436 cows of Polish native breeds. These were: White Backed (BG; 324 records), Polish Red (RP; 5396 records), Polish Black and White (ZB; 3508 records), and Polish Red and White (ZR; 6208 records). The calvings took place in 2005–2009, and we analysed two calving seasons, lactation number, the degree of calving difficulty, sex, and body weight of newborn calves. The effect of birth year on gestation length and birth weight of offspring was statistically significant, whereas calving season had statistically highly significant effect on both. Gestation length in the analysed breeds was 281.02, 283.35, 280.5, 281.53 for BG, RP, ZB, and ZR, respectively. The birth body weight heritability was 0.13 (RP), 0.33 (ZB) and 0.40 (ZR).

scholarly journals Environmental Factors Affecting Birth Weight And Litter Size In Yankasa Sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
R. O. Balogun ◽  
M. E. Olayemi ◽  
O .A, . Osinowo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Sheep Flock ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Factors Affecting

Records on 1634 lambings of a Yankasa sheep flock collected from 1983 to 1990 were used to determine the effects of parity, litter size, sex, season and year of birth on birth weight, and that of parity, season and year of birth on litter size respectively.  Least squares means (± s.e.) for birth weight and litter size were 2.49±0.013kg and 1.22±0.010 respectively. Birth weight was significantly (P<0.01) affected by parity, sex, litter size and season of birth. Lambs born in the late wet season had higher birth weights than those born in other seasons. Also, male and single lambs were heavier at birth than female and twin lambs.  Litter size was significantly (P<0.01) affected by parity, season and year of birth. Late wet season lambing had lower litter size than other seasons.  The repeatability estimates for birth weight and litter size were 0.19±0.028 and 0.01±0.032 respectively while phenotypic correlation between the two traits was -0.249.

Correlation among Calf Birth Weight, Calving Difficulty and Gestation Length in a Korean Holstein Dairy Cattle Herd

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Yun Ho Choy ◽  
◽  
Jeong Il Won ◽  
Ho Baek Yoon ◽  
Kwang Hyun Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Dairy Cattle Herd ◽  
Calving Difficulty

COMPARISON AMONG SIRE GROUPS IN CONCEPTION RATE, GESTATION LENGTH AND CALVING EASE OF THEIR MATES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. BATRA ◽  
A. J. McALLISTER ◽  
A. J. LEE ◽  
G. L. ROY ◽  
J. P. F. DARISSE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Retained Placenta ◽  
Sire Group ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
National Cooperative ◽  
Calving Difficulty

Data on conception rate, gestation length, incidence of calving difficulty and retained placenta were obtained from 269 heifers and 525 cows as mates of the pureline foundation phase sires of the National Cooperative Dairy Cattle Breeding Project. The data were analyzed by least squares separately for heifers and cows using a model containing fixed effects for station, year of calving, season of calving, sex of calf, line, sire groups within line, sires within sire group and line, birth weight of the calf as a covariate and residual. Effect of age at first calving was used as a covariate in the heifer data while the effect of parity was included in the cow data. The effect of station, year of calving, season of calving, line, sire groups within line and sires within sire group and line were significant (P < 0.05) for gestation length of heifers and cows. Other significant (P < 0.05) effects in heifers were age at calving on conception rate, sex and birth weight of the calf on calving difficulty. In addition the effects of sex and birth weight of the calf on gestation length, station and parity on calving difficulty and station and line on retained placenta were significant in cows. Key words: Reproductive performance, dairy cattle

Factors affecting body weight at birth and at 90 days of age in pure-bred and cross-bred cattle in a tropical environment

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Willis ◽  
P. D. P. Wood ◽  
A. Kaspar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Sex Effects

SUMMARYLive weights of 8764 calves born in seven herds in Cuba during the years 1966–8 were measured at birth and at approximately 3 months of age. Over 2600 were pure bred: Zebu (2002), Santa Gertrudis (435) and Charolais (212); the remainder were crossbred Holstein x Zebu (4955) and Brown Swiss x Zebu (1160).Year, season of birth, herd and sex were associated with variation in mean birth weight in all breeds and crosses except Charolais in which no seasonal effect was apparent and in Brown Swiss x Zebu cross-breeds in which herd and sex effects were absent.At 90 days there was a general tendency for calves born in late spring and summer to be heavier than those bom at other times. By this age, herd variation had subsided among Brown Swiss x Zebu cross-breds, and variation due to sex had ceased to be important among Charolais calves.Estimates of heritability of birth weight ranged from 0·09 in Holstein crosses to 0·62 in Brown Swiss crosses, and of weight at 90 days from 0·05 in Brown Swiss crosses to 0·44 in the Charolais breed. Phenotypic correlations between birth and 90 days weights were of the order of + 0·25 while genetic correlations were positive for pure breeds and negative for cross-breeds.

scholarly journals Evaluation of productive and reproductive performance of Black Bengal goat

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Paul ◽  
ANMI Rahman ◽  
S Debnath ◽  
MAMY Khandoker
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Nucleus Breeding ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Birth Parity ◽  
Black Bengal Goat ◽  
Daily Milk

The present study was conducted with a view to know the productive and reproductive parameters of Black Bengal goat in a nucleus breeding flock of Bangladesh Agricultural University, and two other regions i.e., Modhupur (Tangail) and Dimla, (Nilphamari). Data were collected on a regular basis from January 2011 to January 2012. The results showed that birth weight of kids was significantly affected by type of birth (p<0.01), parity of dam (p<0.01) and season of birth (p<0.05) in three different regions. Yearling weight was varied significantly by sex of kid (p<0.01) and season of birth (p<0.05) in three different regions. Daily milk production was significantly affected by type of birth (p<0.01), parity of dam (p<0.01) and season of birth (p<0.01). Litter size and age at first conception were significantly affected by parity of dam. Kid mortality was significantly affected by season of birth (p<0.01) in nucleus flock. The results indicated that sex of kid, type of birth, parity of dam and season of birth influenced the productive and reproductive parameters in nucleus flock, Modhupur and Dimla and the performance also varied between nucleus flock and field levels.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i2.20704 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (2): 104-111

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