scholarly journals Evaluation of gestation length and birth weight of offspring of Polish native cattle breeds in context of estimating genetic parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
Nienartowicz-Zdrojewska Anna ◽  
Sobek Zbigniew ◽  
Różańska-Zawieja Jolanta
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Native Cattle ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Calving Difficulty ◽  
Birth Body Weight

Research material included data on gestation length of 15 436 cows of Polish native breeds. These were: White Backed (BG; 324 records), Polish Red (RP; 5396 records), Polish Black and White (ZB; 3508 records), and Polish Red and White (ZR; 6208 records). The calvings took place in 2005–2009, and we analysed two calving seasons, lactation number, the degree of calving difficulty, sex, and body weight of newborn calves. The effect of birth year on gestation length and birth weight of offspring was statistically significant, whereas calving season had statistically highly significant effect on both. Gestation length in the analysed breeds was 281.02, 283.35, 280.5, 281.53 for BG, RP, ZB, and ZR, respectively. The birth body weight heritability was 0.13 (RP), 0.33 (ZB) and 0.40 (ZR).

scholarly journals Evaluation of gestation length and birth weight of offspring of Polish native cattle breeds in context of estimating genetic parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
Nienartowicz-Zdrojewska Anna ◽  
Sobek Zbigniew ◽  
Różańska-Zawieja Jolanta
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Native Cattle ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Calving Difficulty ◽  
Birth Body Weight

Research material included data on gestation length of 15 436 cows of Polish native breeds. These were: White Backed (BG; 324 records), Polish Red (RP; 5396 records), Polish Black and White (ZB; 3508 records), and Polish Red and White (ZR; 6208 records). The calvings took place in 2005–2009, and we analysed two calving seasons, lactation number, the degree of calving difficulty, sex, and body weight of newborn calves. The effect of birth year on gestation length and birth weight of offspring was statistically significant, whereas calving season had statistically highly significant effect on both. Gestation length in the analysed breeds was 281.02, 283.35, 280.5, 281.53 for BG, RP, ZB, and ZR, respectively. The birth body weight heritability was 0.13 (RP), 0.33 (ZB) and 0.40 (ZR).

COMPARISON AMONG SIRE GROUPS IN CONCEPTION RATE, GESTATION LENGTH AND CALVING EASE OF THEIR MATES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. BATRA ◽  
A. J. McALLISTER ◽  
A. J. LEE ◽  
G. L. ROY ◽  
J. P. F. DARISSE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Retained Placenta ◽  
Sire Group ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
National Cooperative ◽  
Calving Difficulty

Data on conception rate, gestation length, incidence of calving difficulty and retained placenta were obtained from 269 heifers and 525 cows as mates of the pureline foundation phase sires of the National Cooperative Dairy Cattle Breeding Project. The data were analyzed by least squares separately for heifers and cows using a model containing fixed effects for station, year of calving, season of calving, sex of calf, line, sire groups within line, sires within sire group and line, birth weight of the calf as a covariate and residual. Effect of age at first calving was used as a covariate in the heifer data while the effect of parity was included in the cow data. The effect of station, year of calving, season of calving, line, sire groups within line and sires within sire group and line were significant (P < 0.05) for gestation length of heifers and cows. Other significant (P < 0.05) effects in heifers were age at calving on conception rate, sex and birth weight of the calf on calving difficulty. In addition the effects of sex and birth weight of the calf on gestation length, station and parity on calving difficulty and station and line on retained placenta were significant in cows. Key words: Reproductive performance, dairy cattle

scholarly journals Relationship between Children’s Birth Weight and Birth Length and a Risk of Overweight and Obesity in 4–15-Year-Old Children

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Joanna Baran ◽  
Aneta Weres ◽  
Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska ◽  
Justyna Leszczak ◽  
Katarzyna Kalandyk-Osinko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Birth Body Weight

Background and Objectives. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between children’s birth weight/length and a risk of overweight and obesity. Materials and Methods. The study involved 747 children from kindergartens, as well as primary and middle schools from southeastern Poland. All the subjects were examined on fasting status. Each child was examined for body mass and height, in order to calculate their body mass index (BMI), and BMI centile. The parents completed a questionnaire related to basic information about the child and the family. Results. In the study group, the male infants presented greater birth body weight and birth body length. A comparison of the distribution of birth weights and lengths between the children with normal BMI and with high BMI showed statistically significant differences only in the case of birth length of 12–15-year-old children and in the group of boys aged 12–15 years. In the case of the female children and the group of 7–11-year-olds a statistically significant difference was found in the BMI centile at a later age—a higher centile was found in the girls and in the children aged 7–11 years classified as adequate for gestational age (AGA). Conclusions. Birth body weight is positively related to BMI centile; however, no significant differences were found in birth weight between children with overweight/obesity and children with normal body weight. Birth length is associated with a lower BMI centile only in boys aged 12–15 years, and lower birth length is found in boys with overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Standards of Birth Weight According to Gestational Age in the Northwestern Regions of Ukraine

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
O. Rodych ◽  
Y. Korzhynskyy ◽  
T. Gutor
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
General Information ◽  
International Standards ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Body Weight

Summary An analysis of the neonatal registry for 2001-2010 years in Rivne and Volyn regions of Ukraine as well as 2006-2011 years of Khmelnytsky region was carried out. General information was available about body weight of 366 607 newborns, among which 188 687 were boys and 177 920 girls. Based on the analysis we developed local standards of birth body weight in relation to gestational age separately for boys and girls. Procedure for processing local standards met international standards that have been developed by the WHO. Availability of processed local standards depending on gestational age will enable neonatologists, pediatricians and researchers to clearly identify anomalies in the health of newborns in the northwestern regions of Ukraine. Therefore, identification of newborns with low or high birth weight will enable adequate and timely steps to improve their health.

Genetic variation and responses in reproductive performance of sows in lines selected for growth rate under restricted feeding

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Nguyen ◽  
C. P. McPhee ◽  
C. M. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Reproduction Traits

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine genetic changes in reproduction traits in sows (total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), average piglet birth weight (ABW) and number of piglets weaned (NW), body weight prior to mating (MW), gestation length (GL) and daily food intake during lactation (DFI)) in lines of Large White pigs divergently selected over 4 years for high and low post-weaning growth rate on a restricted ration. Heritabilities and repeatabilities of the reproduction traits were also determined. The analyses were carried out on 913 litter records using average information-restricted maximum likelihood method applied to single trait animal models. Estimates of heritability for most traits were small, except for ABW (0·33) and MW (0·35). Estimates of repeatability were slightly higher than those of heritability for TNB, NBA and NW, but they were almost identical for ABW, MW, GL and DFI. After 4 years of selection, the high growth line sows had significantly heavier body weight prior to mating and produced significantly more piglets born alive with heavier average birth weight than the low line sows. There were, however, no statistical differences between the selected lines in TNB or NW. The lower food intake of high relative to low line sows during lactation was not significant, indicating that daily food intake differences found between grower pigs in the high and low lines (2·71 v. 2·76 kg/day, s.e.d. 0·024) on ad libitum feeding were not fully expressed in lactating sows. It is concluded that selection for growth rate on the restricted ration resulted in beneficial effects on important measures of reproductive performance of thea sows.

scholarly journals The effect of paragenetic factors on reproductive traits of simmental cows

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M.D. Petrovic ◽  
Z. Skalicki ◽  
V. Bogdanovic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Gender Interaction ◽  
Regression Effect ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Birth Type

The examination was made on the effect of systematic factors (parturition group, calving season, birth type, calf gender, and birth type-calf gender interaction) and age at first conception on the expression of reproductive traits (gestation length, service period, fertility intensity and calf birth weight) in 143 Simmental cows. The overall mean (?) for gestation length, service period, intercalving period and calf birth weight was 284.14 days, 153.82 days, 416.92 days and 35.40 kg, respectively. The parturition group effect on all fertility traits was highly significant (P<0.01). The calving season statistically significantly (P<0.05) affected the intercalving period and calf birth weight. Birth type induced very significantly longer gestation (P<0.01) and higher calf birth weight in singles (P<0.01) and significantly longer service period in twins (P<0.05). Calf gender had a very significant effect (P<0.01) only on calf birth weight, and the interaction between birth type and calf gender significantly affected gestation duration only (P<0.05). The regression effect of age at first conception on all fertility traits was not significant (P>0.05).

scholarly journals Morphological Features and Growth Traits of Half Sib Local Pabna Calves up to Yearling Stages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.I. Talukder ◽  
M. Shahjahan ◽  
S. Munira ◽  
S. Rahman ◽  
A.K.F.H. Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Newborn Calves

Background: Usually morphological features and growth traits are used in breed characterization. The research was performed to reveal the phenotypic and growth traits of half sib local Pabna calves up to yearling stages and to reveal their association with selection regarding body size and morphological features. Methods: Data of phenotypic measures from both body and head parts and growth traits were collected from 18 and 22 half sib Pabna calves, respectively. The body weight of newborn calves and respective dams were recorded separately. Each calf was allowed to drink 10% of milk for individual’s body weight from respective dam twice per day at calf shed.Result: Linear increasing trend observed in all morphological features from birth to yearling stages for both body and head characteristics of Pabna calves in which heart girth (63.33±1.31 cm at birth and 91.83±2.18 cm at pre-weaning), wither height (84.17±0.60 cm at pre-weaning), carpal circumference (10.50±0.50 cm at birth), mouth circumference (21.33±0.33 cm at birth and 26.58 cm at pre-weaning) and head length (30.08±0.99 cm at pre-weaning) had significant differences (p less than 0.05) in male calves compare to female. The effect of calves’ birth weight deferred significantly (p less than 0.05) for body length, heart girth, abdominal circumference, wither height and tail length in the calves’ group having ≥20 kg of birth weight compare to less than 20 kg. Body weight of Pabna calves also showed linear fashion from birth (19.56±2.11 kg) to yearling stages (112.33±3.30 kg) including moderate correlation at first (53%) and twelfth (48%) month and weak at weaning (7%) stages. The sex and birth weight of calf had significant effects (p less than 0.05) up to pre-weaning stage of calf but its continuation was not followed up to yearling stages.

131 CHARACTERISTICS OF PREGNANCIES AND OFFSPRING FOLLOWING TRANSFER OF BOVINE IN VIVO EMBRYOS ASSESSED BY NANORESPIROMETRY

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
A. S. Lopes ◽  
S. E. Madsen ◽  
T. Greve ◽  
H. Callesen
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Newborn Animal ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

It has been speculated whether the metabolism of the pre-implantation embryo may be reflected on the pregnancy and characteristics of the newborn animal. The present study investigated whether respiration rates of individual embryos were correlated with gestation length, type of parturition, birth weight, sex, and viability of the offspring. In-vivo embryos (n = 47) were recovered on day 7 from 11 superovulated and inseminated Holstein-Friesian cows and embryonic respiration rates were measured individually by nanorespirometry. The embryos were classified according to morphological quality (I, II, III), stage of development, and diameter and were subsequently transferred individually (n = 43) to synchronized recipients. Gestation length of the recipients (n = 22) was calculated and the type of parturition (no assistance, light traction, heavy traction, or caesarean section) recorded. Sex, weight, and condition of the calves at birth (weak, normal, or very active) were also assessed. Results were evaluated by chi-square analysis and using a linear mixed model. The pregnancy rate was 60% (26/43), and the respiration rates of individual embryos influenced gestation length as well as the interaction of weight at birth and type of parturition (P < 0.05). Embryos with higher respiration rates tended to be associated with a slightly more difficult type of parturition, which was not affected by sex. When embryos were divided into two even-sized categories according to their respiration rates (high v. low), low embryonic respiration rates were associated with low birth weight in 73% of the newborn calves (Table 1). Neither sex nor condition of the calves was directly affected by the embryonic respiration rates. The diameter and morphology of the embryo affected birth weight (P < 0.05), with quality I embryos associated with heavier calves when compared to quality III embryos. Furthermore, light traction was more frequently used to retrieve heavier animals (P < 0.05), and male calves were 3.2 kg heavier than females (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the metabolism of the embryo might affect the weight of the newborn animal and consequently the type of parturition. However, birth weight is highly influenced by the recipients and season, and thus a more accurate correlation is likely to be established when the weight of the postpubertal offspring is considered. Table 1. Birth weight of newborn calves according to respiratory category of bovine in-vivo embryos

Correlation among Calf Birth Weight, Calving Difficulty and Gestation Length in a Korean Holstein Dairy Cattle Herd

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Yun Ho Choy ◽  
◽  
Jeong Il Won ◽  
Ho Baek Yoon ◽  
Kwang Hyun Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Dairy Cattle Herd ◽  
Calving Difficulty

Factors influencing dystokia in heifer replacement for the stickler herd

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 137-137
Author(s):  
A.W. Brydon ◽  
B.G. Lowman ◽  
A.W. Spedding
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Pregnancy Weight Gain ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Pregnancy Weight ◽  
Calving Difficulty ◽  
Sire Breed

To investigate possible factors influencing ease of calving in heifers, records from 392 calvings of replacement heifers on 10 research farms were analysed. Sire breeds were classified as either British or Continental, the majority of the Continental sires used being Limousin. Calving difficulty was recorded on a 1-3 scale. The data were analysed by regression analysis, dropping factors until the minimum r.s.d. value was obtained. Heifers in-calf to Continental bulls were mated at heavier weights, had heavier post-calving weights and greater pregnancy gains. Continental sires increased birth weights (3 ± 0.6 kg), gestation length (3.8 ± 2.55 days) and calving difficulties (calving score 1.14 and 1.41 ± 0.063 for British and Continental sires respectively). Birth weight was the major factor influencing calving difficulty (0.04 ± 0.012) with pregnancy weight gain the next most important. The effect of calf sex, gestation length and sire breed on calving difficulty were non-significant. This can be explained by the influence of birth weight, which alone accounted for most of the variation in calving difficulty.

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