Coefficients of inbreeding and degree of relationship for the British Friesian herd

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Bowman ◽  
E. A. Butler ◽  
E. Tuncel
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Average Degree ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Milk Marketing ◽  
Coefficient Of Inbreeding

ABSTRACTThe coefficients of inbreeding and the degree of relationship for British Friesian bulls used for artificial insemination by the Milk Marketing Board in sample years between 1955 and 1972 and for random samples of registered females from the same years have been calculated. The average coefficient of inbreeding was lower in bulls (0·5%) than in registered females (2·7%). The average degree of relationship was 0·7% for bulls and 2·6% for heifers.

Livestock marketing in Northern Ireland

1957 ◽  
Vol 1957 ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Livestock Marketing ◽  
Unique System ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Milk Marketing

Before dealing with the marketing of livestock I will mention briefly the current arrangements for the disposal of our two main livestock products—milk and eggs. Milk is marketed through a Producers’ Marketing Board which operates on very much the same lines as the Milk Marketing Boards in Great Britain.In the marketing of eggs we have a unique system for the control of egg quality. The eggs are collected in the normal way by packers, or collectors acting on their behalf, and are graded on a quality basis in the packer’s store. The producer is paid on the result of this grading, deductions being made for second quality eggs, cracked eggs, soiled eggs, etc. The grading and packing are supervised by officers of the Ministry of Agriculture who also carry out further checks on the standard of packing and quality of eggs being shipped to Great Britain. These further checks are carried out at the ports of shipment, random samples of eggs being subjected to further quality tests.

The Assessment of Progeny Tests of Dairy Bulls made under Farm Conditions

1954 ◽  
Vol 1954 ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. G. McArthur
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Selection Differential ◽  
Artificial Breeding ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
Milk Marketing ◽  
Board System ◽  
Better Than

The main object of the artificial insemination service is herd improvement. This is facilitated by the larger selection differential obtained when only a small number of bulls are used. Robertson and Rendel (1954) have shown that artificially bred daughters by bulls used at centres outwith the Milk Marketing Board system did not outyield naturally bred daughters milking in the same herds and these results have been substantiated by data from the Board’s centres. This failure to select bulls better than those used in the average herd has probably been due to the multiple aims of selection necessary to satisfy all those interested in the artificial breeding movement and to the methods which have been used to evaluate bulls. A method has been designed aimed at improving this evaluation.

Estimation of genetic parameters for temperament and ease of milking assessed on a linear scale in friesian holstein heifers

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 167-167
Author(s):  
H J Bellamy ◽  
G J T Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Linear Scale ◽  
Testing Scheme ◽  
Milk Marketing ◽  
Estimation Of Genetic Parameters

Following the introduction of the linear assessment method of evaluating conformation within the Dairy Progeny Testing Scheme run by the Artificial Insemination Organisation (now Genus) of the Milk Marketing Board in 1983 three new traits were included in 1985 and 1986. The new traits were Temperament, Ease of Milking and Fore Udder Angle. In addition information was collected on the number of hours since milked when the classification was carried out.The objective of this study was to establish whether the variation in linear scores was significantly affected by the number of hours since milked and also to estimate the phenotypic and genetic parameters for the new trails, in particular Temperament and Ease of Milking.

A note on the differences between geographical areas in the gestation length and birth weight of British Friesian calves

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. O'Connor ◽  
P. D. P. Wood ◽  
G. F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Milk Marketing

The Milk Marketing Board's 23 artificial insemination (AI) centres which provide service in much of England and Wales are grouped into five geographical areas (Figure 1). Analyses of trials on commercial farms to study the effects of crossing Charolais bulls with dairy cows (Edwards et al. 1966), revealed significant differences between these areas in both gestation length and birth weight of crossbred calves. However, the Charolais bulls used in the trials were divided into five teams, each of three bulls, and each team was used only in a single area. Consequently, bull teams and areas were confounded. The purpose of the experiment reported here was to estimate the differences between areas in gestation length and birth weight independent of sire.

scholarly journals Trends in consanguineous marriage in Karnataka, South India, 1980–89

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Bittles ◽  
J. M. Coble ◽  
N. Appaji Rao
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
South India ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Rural Migration ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Inbreeding

SummaryAnalysis of data on 106,848 marriages in the cities of Bangalore and Mysore, South India, between 1980 and 1989 showed that levels of consanguineous marriage varied between cities through time and by religion. The average coefficient of inbreeding was higher in Bangalore (F = 0·0339) than in Mysore (F = 0·0203), principally reflecting large-scale, post-Independence rural migration into Bangalore. Although there was some evidence of a decline in consanguineous marriages in Mysore, there was no convincing support in either city for earlier projections of a rapid reduction in the popularity of unions between close biological relatives.

Consanguineous marriage within social/occupational class boundaries in Pakistan

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad A. Shami ◽  
Jonathan C. Grant ◽  
Alan H. Bittles
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Strong Preference ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Present Generation ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Inbreeding

SummaryData on patterns of consanguineous marriage were collected from 5340 families resident in eight cities in the Pakistan province of Punjab. To assess whether social and/or occupational class was interacting with con-sanguinity, information also was obtained on the hereditary qaum to which each family belonged. In the present generation 46·5% of all marriages were contracted at the level of second cousin or closer, with an average coefficient of inbreeding (F) of 0·0286, and the results indicated that in each of the seventeen qaums there was strong preference for marriage to a close biological relative. However, significant differences existed in the distribution of consanguineous marriage by qaum membership, which could interfere with the interpretation of studies into the biological effects of inbreeding.

scholarly journals Population genetic analysis of White Park Cattle in Germany

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Biedermann ◽  
W. Hecht ◽  
E. Fandrey ◽  
H. Rudolph ◽  
K. Frölich
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Average Degree ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
Average Interval ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Coancestry ◽  
Production Animals

Abstract. The population of White Park Cattle in Germany is composed of 11 males and 33 females. This group of cattle has been analysed with regards to generation intervals, coancestry, and inbreeding on the basis of three generations of ancestors. The average interval between the current and the parental generation amounts to seven years. The average coefficient of coancestry in the population is estimated to be 18 % and the average degree of inbreeding at 16 %. The rate of inbreeding in the last generation is approximately 12 %. These values exceed those reported for most breeds of production animals.

CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGE IN THE CAPITAL CITY SANA’A, YEMEN

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDALLAH AHMED GUNAID ◽  
NURIA ALI HUMMAD ◽  
KHALED ABDALLAH TAMIM
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cousin Marriage ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Inbreeding

Consanguineous marriage is traditionally common throughout the Eastern Mediterranean region, especially in the mainly Muslim countries. To date, there is little information on consanguinity in Yemen. The aim of this study was to ascertain the rate of consanguineous marriage and average coefficient of inbreeding in Sana’a City, Yemen. A population survey was conducted with the intention of covering married couples resident in Sana’a City by means of a multi-stage random sampling technique. A total of 1050 wives and husbands were interviewed on consanguinity in their households. The total incidence of consanguinity was 44·7% (95% CI 41·7–47·7%) with first-cousin marriages constituting 71·6% of the total consanguineous marriages and 32% of all marriages. Paternal parallel first cousins (Type I) accounted for 49% of first-cousin marriages. The average coefficient of inbreeding (F) was 0·02442. The incidence of consanguinity is relatively high in Yemen with predominantly first-cousin marriage. This might be related to the deeply rooted social and cultural beliefs in the country.

Progeny Testing of Dairy Cattle Bulls Used in Artificial Insemination

1953 ◽  
Vol 1953 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Clearing House ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Beef Bulls ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Milk Marketing ◽  
Lactation Record

In 1945 the Milk Marketing Board (M.M.B.) of England and Wales undertook responsibility for the development of an A.I. service to cover large areas of the two countries.By 1951, a total of 24 main Centres had been set up, housing some 600 dairy and beef bulls and supplying semen to 77 Sub-Centres. During the year ending 31st March, 1952, approximately 707,000 first inseminations were carried out, representing 25% of the available cattle population. Further progress continues to be made and it is estimated that this proportion will be raised to 30% for the corresponding year ending in 1953.From the outset it has been agreed that the rate of cattle improvement through A.I. will be largely dependent upon the use made of the older progeny-recorded bulls available to the scheme. Here it should be noted that the M.M.B. took over responsibility for milk recording under ‘ National Milk Records ‘ in 1943. By adopting a system based upon lactation record cards, it was possible to establish in 1947 a central clearing house for milk records of animals registered with Breed Societies, viz. the Bureau of Records. One of the main services operated by the Bureau is that of progeny recording for sires and summaries of bulls fulfilling certain requirements are now published annually.

The Recovery of Factor VIII from Fresh-Frozen, Indated and Outdated Human Plasma

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 071-077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Whitman ◽  
Mary Ellen Switzer ◽  
Patrick A. McKee
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Factor Viii Concentrates ◽  
Frozen Plasma

SummaryThe availability of factor VIII concentrates is frequently a limitation in the management of classical hemophilia. Such concentrates are prepared from fresh or fresh-frozen plasma. A significant volume of plasma in the United States becomes “indated”, i. e., in contact with red blood cells for 24 hours at 4°, and is therefore not used to prepare factor VIII concentrates. To evaluate this possible resource, partially purified factor VIII was prepared from random samples of fresh-frozen, indated and outdated plasma. The yield of factor VIII protein and procoagulant activity from indated plasma was about the same as that from fresh-frozen plasma. The yield from outdated plasma was substantially less. After further purification, factor VIII from the three sources gave a single subunit band when reduced and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results indicate that the approximately 287,000 liters of indated plasma processed annually by the American National Red Cross (ANRC) could be used to prepare factor VIII concentrates of good quality. This resource alone could quadruple the supply of factor VIII available for therapy.

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