Consanguineous marriage within social/occupational class boundaries in Pakistan

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad A. Shami ◽  
Jonathan C. Grant ◽  
Alan H. Bittles
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Strong Preference ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Present Generation ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Inbreeding

SummaryData on patterns of consanguineous marriage were collected from 5340 families resident in eight cities in the Pakistan province of Punjab. To assess whether social and/or occupational class was interacting with con-sanguinity, information also was obtained on the hereditary qaum to which each family belonged. In the present generation 46·5% of all marriages were contracted at the level of second cousin or closer, with an average coefficient of inbreeding (F) of 0·0286, and the results indicated that in each of the seventeen qaums there was strong preference for marriage to a close biological relative. However, significant differences existed in the distribution of consanguineous marriage by qaum membership, which could interfere with the interpretation of studies into the biological effects of inbreeding.

scholarly journals Trends in consanguineous marriage in Karnataka, South India, 1980–89

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Bittles ◽  
J. M. Coble ◽  
N. Appaji Rao
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
South India ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Rural Migration ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Inbreeding

SummaryAnalysis of data on 106,848 marriages in the cities of Bangalore and Mysore, South India, between 1980 and 1989 showed that levels of consanguineous marriage varied between cities through time and by religion. The average coefficient of inbreeding was higher in Bangalore (F = 0·0339) than in Mysore (F = 0·0203), principally reflecting large-scale, post-Independence rural migration into Bangalore. Although there was some evidence of a decline in consanguineous marriages in Mysore, there was no convincing support in either city for earlier projections of a rapid reduction in the popularity of unions between close biological relatives.

CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGE IN A NEWLY DEVELOPED COUNTRY: THE QATARI POPULATION

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDULBARI BENER ◽  
KHALID A. ALALI
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
The State ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Present Generation ◽  
Coefficient Of Inbreeding

This study examines the frequency of consanguineous marriage and coefficient of inbreeding in the State of Qatar. The study was conducted in semi-urban areas of Doha between January and May 2004. A sample of 1515 married Qatari females aged 15 years and over participated. The degree of consanguinity between each female and her spouse, and degree of consanguinity between their parents were recorded. The rate of consanguinity in the present generation was high (54·0%) with a coefficient of inbreeding of 0·02706. The commonest type of consanguineous marriage was between first cousins (34·8%). Double first cousin marriages were common (3·1%) compared with other populations. The consanguinity rate in the State of Qatar has increased from 41·8% to 54·5% in one generation.

CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGE IN THE CAPITAL CITY SANA’A, YEMEN

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDALLAH AHMED GUNAID ◽  
NURIA ALI HUMMAD ◽  
KHALED ABDALLAH TAMIM
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cousin Marriage ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Inbreeding

Consanguineous marriage is traditionally common throughout the Eastern Mediterranean region, especially in the mainly Muslim countries. To date, there is little information on consanguinity in Yemen. The aim of this study was to ascertain the rate of consanguineous marriage and average coefficient of inbreeding in Sana’a City, Yemen. A population survey was conducted with the intention of covering married couples resident in Sana’a City by means of a multi-stage random sampling technique. A total of 1050 wives and husbands were interviewed on consanguinity in their households. The total incidence of consanguinity was 44·7% (95% CI 41·7–47·7%) with first-cousin marriages constituting 71·6% of the total consanguineous marriages and 32% of all marriages. Paternal parallel first cousins (Type I) accounted for 49% of first-cousin marriages. The average coefficient of inbreeding (F) was 0·02442. The incidence of consanguinity is relatively high in Yemen with predominantly first-cousin marriage. This might be related to the deeply rooted social and cultural beliefs in the country.

CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. AL-GAZALI ◽  
A. BENER ◽  
Y. M. ABDULRAZZAQ ◽  
R. MICALLEF ◽  
A. I. AL-KHAYAT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Al Ain ◽  
Present Generation ◽  
Coefficient Of Inbreeding

This study examines the frequency of consanguineous marriage and the coefficient of inbreeding in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study was conducted in Al Ain and Dubai cities between October 1994 and March 1995. A sample of 2033 married UAE females aged 15 years and over participated. The degree of consanguinity between each female and her spouse, and the degree of consanguinity between their parents were recorded. The rate of consanguinity in the present generation was high (50·5%) with a coefficient of inbreeding of 0·0222. The commonest type of consanguineous marriage was between first cousins (26·2%). Double first cousin marriages were common (3·5%) compared to other populations. The consanguinity rate in the UAE has increased from 39% to 50·5% in one generation. The level of consanguinity was higher in Al Ain (54·2%) than in Dubai (40%).

scholarly journals CIVIL UNREST AND THE CURRENT PROFILE OF CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGE IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PROVINCE, PAKISTAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 698-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
AFTAB ALAM STHANADAR ◽  
ALAN H. BITTLES ◽  
MUHAMMAD ZAHID
Keyword(s):  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Current Profile ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Civil Unrest ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽  
Coefficient Of Inbreeding

SummaryInformation on the current prevalence and types of consanguineous marriages in Malakand District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KPK), Pakistan, was collected from 1192 rural couples. Some 66.4% of marriages were between couples related as second cousins or closer (F≥0.0156), equivalent to a mean coefficient of inbreeding (α) of 0.0338. The data suggest that the prevalence of consanguineous unions in Malakand has been increasing during the last decade, in response to the high levels of violence across KPK.

COUSIN MARRIAGE IN SOUTH-WESTERN ENGLAND IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
CATHY DAY ◽  
MALCOLM SMITH
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Cousin Marriage ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Historical Times ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Village Organization

SummaryKnowledge of inbreeding levels in historical times is necessary to estimate the health consequences of past inbreeding, and to contextualize the current public debate about cousin marriage in Britain. This research aims to calculate the level of cousin marriage using the intensive technique of multi-source parish reconstitution and to determine whether village organization, religion and occupational class influenced the level of consanguineous marriage. A wide variety of documentary sources were used to create extensive pedigrees of spouses in over 800 marriages in the 19th century in the rural villages of Stourton and Kilmington. The closed village of Stourton had higher levels of inbreeding than the open village of Kilmington. Catholics had lower rates of 1st cousin marriage but higher rates of 2nd cousin marriage than Protestants. Farmers had higher levels of 1st cousin marriage than labourers. The levels of consanguinity in south-western Wiltshire in the 19th century were related to the economic structure of the villages and the religion and social class of the spouses.

Consanguinity: A Form of Social Capital Among the Muslims of Char Areas in Barpeta District, Assam

2021 ◽  
pp. 2277436X2110112
Author(s):  
Gulrukh Begum
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
River Islands ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
Muslim People ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Cultural Explanation

Information on the dynamics of consanguinity is always important for public health strategy. It provides a direct roadmap for healthcare providers and health policymakers to make people aware of the consequences of consanguinity. The present study aims to investigate the attitude of the Muslim people practising consanguinity in the char (river island) areas of Barpeta district in Assam. It intends to seek a cultural explanation behind the practice of consanguinity. The study was conducted cross-sectionally among the Muslims living in different villages of the temporary, semi-permanent and permanent river islands of Barpeta district in Assam. A total of 556 married couples were included in the study. Of these, 103 couples are consanguineous and the rest 453 are non-consanguineous. To study the prevalence of congenital disorders, a sample of 153 males and 121 female inbred children of the consanguineous couples and 701 male and 571 female children of the non-consanguineous parents have been included in the study. The prevalence of consanguineous marriage in the chars was found to be 18.53% and the average coefficient of inbreeding was 0.05996796. Of the consanguineous marriages, the most favoured type was between the first cousins (63.11%), followed by half first-cousin marriages (12.62%). Altogether 14.60% of inbred were found to have some type of congenital disorder against 0.31% non-inbred. In the chars of Barpeta, it is not only ignorance but poor economic condition is also a reason behind the practise of consanguinity. Consanguineous marriage provides means of escaping the expenditure incurred in dowry or bridewealth payment. With seasonal floods, river erodes their village and crops completely every year. Family remains the sole source of stability and security. Consanguineous marriage therefore forms a sort of social capital as they are a source of secured and stable married life in the most hostile ecological settings where these people are living. Social security is of utmost priority behind these marriages in the char.

PREVALENCE OF CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES IN SYRIA

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
HASAN OTHMAN ◽  
MOSTAFA SAADAT
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Coefficient Of Inbreeding

SummaryConsanguineous marriage is the union of individuals having at least one common ancestor. The present cross-sectional study was done in order to illustrate the prevalence and types of consanguineous marriages in the Syrian Arab Republic. Data on consanguineous marriages were collected using a simple questionnaire. The total number of couples in this study was 67,958 (urban areas: 36,574 couples; rural areas: 31,384 couples) from the following provinces: Damascus, Hamah, Tartous, Latakia, Al Raqa, Homs, Edlep and Aleppo. In each province urban and rural areas were surveyed. Consanguineous marriage was classified by the degree of relationship between couples: double first cousins (F=1/8), first cousins (F=1/16), second cousins (F=1/64) and beyond second cousins (F<1/64). The coefficient of inbreeding (F) was calculated for each couple and the mean coefficient of inbreeding (α) estimated for the population of each province, stratified by rural and urban areas. The results showed that the overall frequency of consanguinity was 30.3% in urban and 39.8% in rural areas. Total rate of consanguinity was found to be 35.4%. The equivalent mean inbreeding coefficient (α) was 0.0203 and 0.0265 in urban and rural areas, respectively. The mean proportion of consanguineous marriages ranged from 67.5% in Al Raqa province to 22.1% in Latakia province. The α-value ranged from 0.0358 to 0.0127 in these two provinces, respectively. The western and north-western provinces (including Tartous, Lattakia and Edlep) recorded lower levels of inbreeding than the central, northern and southern provinces. The overall α-value was estimated to be about 0.0236 for the studied populations. First cousin marriages (with 20.9%) were the most common type of consanguineous marriages, followed by double first cousin (with 7.8%) and second cousin marriages (with 3.3%), and beyond second cousin was the least common type.

Coefficients of inbreeding and degree of relationship for the British Friesian herd

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Bowman ◽  
E. A. Butler ◽  
E. Tuncel
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Average Degree ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Milk Marketing ◽  
Coefficient Of Inbreeding

ABSTRACTThe coefficients of inbreeding and the degree of relationship for British Friesian bulls used for artificial insemination by the Milk Marketing Board in sample years between 1955 and 1972 and for random samples of registered females from the same years have been calculated. The average coefficient of inbreeding was lower in bulls (0·5%) than in registered females (2·7%). The average degree of relationship was 0·7% for bulls and 2·6% for heifers.

Ultrastructural Changes in Three Different Mammalian Cells Following Ultraviolet Laser Irradiation

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
K. Shankar Narayan ◽  
Kailash C. Gupta ◽  
Tohru Okigaki
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultraviolet Laser

The biological effects of short-wave ultraviolet light has generally been described in terms of changes in cell growth or survival rates and production of chromosomal aberrations. Ultrastructural changes following exposure of cells to ultraviolet light, particularly at 265 nm, have not been reported.We have developed a means of irradiating populations of cells grown in vitro to a monochromatic ultraviolet laser beam at a wavelength of 265 nm based on the method of Johnson. The cell types studies were: i) WI-38, a human diploid fibroblast; ii) CMP, a human adenocarcinoma cell line; and iii) Don C-II, a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell strain. The cells were exposed either in situ or in suspension to the ultraviolet laser (UVL) beam. Irradiated cell populations were studied either "immediately" or following growth for 1-8 days after irradiation.Differential sensitivity, as measured by survival rates were observed in the three cell types studied. Pattern of ultrastructural changes were also different in the three cell types.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document