The Seigneurial Domestic Buildings of Brittany: A Provisional Assessment

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jones ◽  
Gwyn I. Meirion-Jones ◽  
Frédéric Guibal ◽  
Jon R. Pilcher
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
House Type ◽  
Manor House ◽  
Work Up ◽  
The Middle Ages

Since 1983 a multi-disciplinary survey of buildings of the manor-house type in the historic duchy of Brittany has been undertaken. The present paper presents provisional results, chiefly based on work up to the 1987 season in two of the five modern départements of the province: Côtes-du-Nord and Ille-et-Vilaine. After a brief historical introduction discussing the political and social context of the manoirs, their relationship to earlier seigneurial dwellings such as motte-and-bailey castles or maisons-fortes, their origins and numbers are considered. Then the different forms of the manorial ensemble and existing types of building are surveyed, highlighting those where detailed archival, archaeological and dendrochronological studies have been carried out. The survey has brought to light a small number of standard forms originating in the Middle Ages. Their main features and variants are described and the general architectural evolution of this class of building down to the Renaissance is traced, concluding with a limited commentary on the broader historical context.

scholarly journals Images of Power in the Societies of Antiquity and the Middle Ages: Symbols and Ritual Practices of the East and West

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Evgueny Alexandrovich Chiglintsev ◽  
Natalya Yurievna Bikeyeva ◽  
Maxim Vadimovich Griger ◽  
Igor Vladimirovich Vostrikov ◽  
Farit Nafisovich Ahmadiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Political ◽  
East And West ◽  
Political Mythology ◽  
Evolution Of Ideas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Ritual Practices ◽  
The Middle Ages

This collective article is dedicated to the images of power in the ancient and medieval societies, their forming, functions and the ways of representation. Authors found the universal components of the images of power in the different pre-industrial societies of the East and Vest, such as procedures of obtaining power, coronation and anointment, ruler’s regalia and the forms of organizing space of power. The authors investigate the relationship between the secular and the sacred elements in the political mythology of power. This paper deals with the evolution of images of power, rituals and symbols of authority from Ancient Eastern to Medieval societies. The purpose of the article is to present the universal components of the images of power in Ancient and Medieval times. The identification of common and specific features in the representation of power and ritual practices will allow us to see the evolution of ideas about power in pre-industrial societies.

Democratic Myths in Victorian Medievalism

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 129-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Jann
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Spiritual Health ◽  
The Political ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Central Characteristic ◽  
Liberal Individualism ◽  
The Middle Ages

Critical attention to the dominant tradition of Victorian medievalism has stressed its essentially conservative tendencies. For representative proponents of this tradition – Carlyle, Ruskin, Young England – the imaginative value of the Middle Ages lay in their contrast with the political and social disorder of the present. The antidote to those modern poisons – laissez faire capitalism, Utilitarian ethics, Liberal individualism – lay in a resuscitation of medieval hierarchy, one which called on the Captains of Industry to form a new aristocracy, and the state to assume control over the economy and social welfare. For such thinkers, the spiritual health and organic order of medieval society depended upon its essentially undemocratic structure. The prominence of this analysis has unfortunately overshadowed the importance of two alternative treatments of Victorian medievalism, the Whig and the Socialist. While opposed in fundamental ways to one another, these interpretations are opposed in more significant ways to that dominant conservative tradition in that they created alternative myths of the Middle Ages to justify a more – not less – democratic society in the present and future. Such myths assisted the development of class consciousness by using the authority of history to sanction a social order which drew its moral and political strengths not from the ideals of the aristocracy, but from those of the middle and working classes, respectively. However, the following demonstration of the way similar historical points of departure can lead investigators to radically different conclusions ultimately reinforces the central characteristic of Victorian medievalism: that it represented less an attempt to recapture the past “as it really was” than a projection of current ideals back into time.

Dylematy poznawcze Krzysztofa Kolumba

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Wojciech Iwańczak
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Christopher Columbus ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Middle Ages

The text analyses the inner life of Christopher Columbus based mainly on his writings and the literature on the subject. It is an attempt to reconstruct the mentality of the great explorer against the background of his turbulent biography and the historical context of the turn of the Middle Ages and modern times.

A brief history of suicidal behaviour

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Navneet Kapur ◽  
Robert Goldney
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter places suicide and suicidal behaviour in a European historical context. Although suicide has been documented throughout history, its meaning and functions have varied over time. In the Middle Ages, suicide was regarded as sinful but, subsequently, was conceptualized in terms of social influences or mental illness. Systematic research into suicidal behaviour has been undertaken for more than two centuries. The contributions of Morselli, using statistical and epidemiological techniques, were particularly notable. Many of the accepted social and psychiatric antecedents of suicide we talk about today were well described by the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals Royal Divine Coronation Iconography. Preliminary Considerations

Arts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Vagnoni
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Visual Impact ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Middle Ages

In recent decades, art historians have stressed the benefits of analysing medieval images and their contents within their specific context and, in particular, have underlined the importance of their visual impact on contemporary beholders to determine their functions and specific meanings. In other words, in the analysis of a medieval image, it has become fundamental to verify where it was collocated and whom it was aimed at, and which practical reasons it was made for (its visibility, fruition, and usability). As a result, new perspectives have been opened, creating an active historiographical debate about one of the most fascinating and studied iconographic themes of the Middle Ages: the royal divine coronation. Hence, there has been a complete rethinking of the function and meaning of this iconographic theme. For instance, the divine coronation of the king might not symbolically allude to his earthly power but to the devotional hope of receiving the crown of eternal life in the afterworld. Moreover, in the specific case of some Ottonian and Salian illuminations, historiographers have proposed that their function was not only celebrative (a manifesto of the political ideologies that legitimized power), but also liturgical and religious. This paper places this topic in a historiographical framework and provides some preliminary methodological considerations in order to stimulate new research.

Feudalism and the Tatar Polity of the Middle Ages

1958 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Krader
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural World ◽  
The Middle Ages

During the first millenium A.D. a series of states were formed by Turkic and Mongol peoples, the nomadic pastoralists of the Asian steppes - the Tatars of European and Chinese record. These political enterprises enlarged their scope and power during the period of a millenium, reaching a climax in the empire of Chingis Khan in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries; from this climactic achievement they have since declined. The social and political organization as well as the economy of these peoples are at once simple and complex, primitive and advanced. The characterization of this cultural world has been given focus in a sharp controversy, the controversy over the establishment and internal ordering of the political system.

scholarly journals O Comportamento Político Cultural no Medievo: uma aproximação * The Political Cultural Behaviour in The Middle Ages: an approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
LUCIANO JOSÉ VIANNA
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
Politics And Culture ◽  
Medieval Chronicles ◽  
Phd Thesis ◽  
The Middle Ages

<p><strong>Resumo</strong>: Este artigo apresenta parte da nossa investigação realizada durante a estância de doutorado no Warburg Institute – University of London como complementação teórico-metodológica para nossa tese de doutorado em preparação no Departament de Ciències de l’Antiguitat i de l’Edat Mitjana da Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Através da recuperação, adaptação e aplicação do conceito de <em>cultura política</em>, identificamos um comportamento político cultural durante o medievo no qual o livro fazia parte e era um dos objetos produzidos e utilizados. Ademais, também observamos os principais centros de produção e de destino deste objeto referencial para a história política e cultural medieval, como o monastério, a chancelaria e a corte, onde a composição deste objeto girava em torno a diferentes assuntos conectados à memória, tais como a guerra, a propaganda e a utilização do passado.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>Crônicas medievais – Livro dos Feitos – Comportamento político cultural.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>: This article aims to presente part of the our research carried out during the stay abroad for PhD researching at the Warburg Institute – University of London, as theoric and methodologic step of improvement to prepare our PhD-Thesis at the Departament de Ciències de l’Antiguitat i de l’Edat Mitjana of the Autonomous University of Barcelona. After recover, adapt, and apply the concept of <em>political culture</em>, I identified a <em>political cultural behaviour</em> in the middle ages, which the book made part and was one of the several objects that were produced and utilized in this field. Furthermore, I also observed the main centers of production and destiny of this referencial object to the medieval politics and culture, such as the monastery, the chancellery, and the court, where the composition of this object had a connexion with the memory, such as the war, the propaganda, and the utilization of the past.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Medieval chronicles – Book of Deeds – Political Cultural Behaviour.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Processo judicial e poder político: práticas inquisitoriais no julgamento de condenação de Joana D’Arc

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-221
Author(s):  
C. C. TOLENTINO ◽  
Paulo Eduardo A. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The Political ◽  
Joan Of Arc ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law ◽  
The Middle Ages

Records on the trial and sentencing for heresy of French warrior Joan of Arc dating to 1431 have been studied by a variety of fields. The present work explores the primary sources and several of these studies in the aim of analyzing the political significance of the forms adopted during the trial. From a perspective poised between the history of law and procedural law, the article clarifies aspects of the practical functioning of the Roman Canon inquisitorial procedure at the end of the Middle Ages, and, more widely, the phenomenon of the capillarization of the political power by means of the production of truth. The article concludes that, although Joan of Arc’s trial was clearly politically motivated, several of its dimensions correspond to the procedural practices of the time, leading us to an understanding that the influence of power over trials does not necessarily manifest in a direct violation of procedural rules, but rather in their very design and the ways in which they are put into operation.

Femininity: The Trap

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone de Beauvoir ◽  
Marybeth Timmermann
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Personal Consumption ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Scene ◽  
The Middle Ages

The French have never been feminists. Of course, they’ve always loved women, but in the manner of Mediterranean peoples, which is the way ogres love little children—for their personal consumption. In the middle ages, the law denied French women the possession of land and separated them from the political scene. Later, the civil code denied them the same rights as men. It is also known with what stubbornness aging senators have consistently turned a deaf ear when the feminists claimed the vote and full rights of citizenship. Since the war of 1914–18, the situation has changed somewhat. Lack of manpower brought women into many fields to replace men, and they began to acquire economic independence. This war completed the evolution. In the Resistance, in concentration camps, women proved their right to participate in the reconstruction of their country on an equal basis as men. The civil code was modified in their favor and they were given the right to vote, to be elected; there are few jobs which are today forbidden them. It appears, therefore, that in France the old quarrel between feminists and antifeminists is settled, and there is no reason to return to it. But I ask myself if on the contrary it is not today that the question rises most ...

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