How things are made and done

Antiquity ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 29 (114) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. G. S. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
History Of Technology ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Going Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Survey ◽  
Technological Age ◽  
Field Workers ◽  
Comprehensive History

A few years ago I was talking to a friend of mine in our club. It was obvious that he had, as we say, something on his mind. ‘Do you realize’, he said, ‘that in this technological age we still have no comprehensive history of technology?’ I paused for a moment, but before I could speak he had answered my thoughts. ‘I don't mean economic history—there are plenty of books about that; technology and economics are quite different’. I asked him to expand this. ‘Well, take any farm you know. An economic survey of it would cover everything on the farm—field-workers and their wages, birds, animals, dung, crops, carts, ploughs, reaping-machines, dairy utensils. But if it's to be a technological survey you concentrate on the carts and ploughs, how they're made, and how they work. What you are then concerned with is how things on the farm are done and made’. When he thus explained it the distinction became obvious. Seeing what was in his mind I murmured : ‘A History of Technology is going to be a big thing’. ‘It is’, he said, ‘for the world is my farm, the human race my farmers and field-workers, and the farm has been a going concern for many millennia’.

Dualism in Iranian and Christian Traditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
François de Blois
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Indefinite Number ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

Since the time when the human race first began to speculate about the origin of the universe there have been two cosmological models that have seemed particularly attractive to its imagination. One has been to derive everything in the world from a single primal origin, out of which the cosmos, in all its apparent complexity, evolves. The other has been to view the history of the universe as a battle between two opposing forces which contradict and undermine each other. The two views can be called monism and dualism. They are not the only possibilities. There have been systems that posit three, four or an indefinite number of principles, but most of these have also tended to assume one basic pair of opposites with one or more neutral or intermediate principles beside them; this too can be seen as a form of dualism.

Writing Cultural History in Early Modern Europe: Christophe Milieu and his Project

1999 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-365
Author(s):  
Donald R. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Philosophy And Literature ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Comprehensive History

AbstractChristophe Milieu's De Scribenda Vniversitatis rervm historia libri qvinqve (Basel, 1551) interprets the "universe of things" (universitas return) within an evolutionary and historical framework consisting of five connected and progressive "grades" (gradus) of existence accessible to human understanding: nature (natura), the world of God's creation and man's animal aspect; prudence (prudentia), including the arts of survival; government (principatus), the stage of civil society and political history; wisdom (sapientia), equivalent to civilization and including the higher sciences and philosophy; and literature (litetatura), in which knowledge of the preceding phases of "progress" (progressio) is expressed in writing. Milieu's "narrative" constitutes a pioneering and comprehensive history of western culture.

scholarly journals Big Data Applications in Vaccinology

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Kasten
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Big Data Applications ◽  
The World ◽  
Big Data Technologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Structured Literature Review ◽  
Over Time

The development of vaccines has been one of the most important medical and pharmacological breakthroughs in the history of the world. Besides saving untold lives, they have enabled the human race to live and thrive in conditions thought far too dangerous only a few centuries ago. In recent times, the development of the COVID-19 vaccine has captured the world’s attention as the primary tool to defeat the current pandemic. The tools used to develop these vaccines have changed dramatically over time, with the use of big data technologies becoming standard in many instances. This study performs a structured literature review centered on the development, distribution, and evaluation of vaccines and the role played by big data tools such as data analytics, datamining, and machine learning. Through this review, the paper identifies where these technologies have made important contributions and in what areas further research is likely to be useful.

scholarly journals The Origins of War in Mozambique: A History of Unity and Division

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayaka Funada-Classen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Comprehensive History ◽  
Landmark Study

The independence of Mozambique in 1975 and its decolonisation process attracted worldwide attention as a successful example of ìnational unityî. Yet, the armed conflict that broke out between the government and the guerrilla force in 1977 lasted for sixteen years and resulted in over a million deaths and several million refugees, placing this concept of ìnational unityî into doubt. For nearly twenty years, Sayaka Funada-Classen interviewed people in rural communities in Mozambique. By examining their testimonies, historical documents, previous studies, international and regional politics, and the changes that various interventions under colonialism brought to the traditional social structure, this book demonstrates that the seeds of ìdivisionî had already been planted while the liberation movement was seeking ìunityî in the struggle years. Presenting a comprehensive history of contemporary Mozambique, this book is indispensable for Mozambican scholars. It promises to serve as a landmark study not only for historians and the scholars of African studies but also for those who give serious consideration to the problems of conflict and peace in the world.

scholarly journals Simmons, J.E. (2016) Museums. A History. London: Rowman & Littlefield

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-345
Author(s):  
Anna Tulliach
Keyword(s):  
Museum Studies ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Comprehensive History ◽  
Different Parts

Museums convincingly achieves the aim of giving a general summary of the key themes of the museum’s history. The author does not fail in missing a point: he offers a comprehensive history of museums from the ancient world to contemporary times, focusing on well-known historical examples of museum collections taken from different parts of the world and on contemporary subjects of debate in the museum world, producing a valuable synthesis of this wide topic. I recommend this book to museum studies students interested in the history of museums, but also to scholars who would like to have a complete and valuable summary of the subject.

Life Saving Potentials in Mass Emergencies

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 315-316
Author(s):  
Rudolf Frey
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
World Population ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mass Disasters ◽  
Growing Population

The dangers of mass emergencies are greater today than ever before in the history of man. The reasons are:1) The exponential growth of the world population from 2 billion in 1925 to 4 billion today and to an expected 8 billion in the year 2025. This growing population is badly in need of more and more food and energy to sustain itself.2) The increasingly severe competition world-wide for the available supplies of food and energy will precipitate mass emergencies and even mass disasters. Some of these mass disasters, such as nuclear war, have the potential to destroy entire countries…or even the human race itself.No matter how gloomy the outlook is, however, it is still the task of the medical profession to recognize this growing danger and to do everything possible to be prepared for and treat not only individual emergencies, but mass disasters as well.

scholarly journals SOM’s Computer Group: Narratives of women in early architectural computing

2020 ◽  
pp. 147807712095071
Author(s):  
Shelby Elizabeth Doyle ◽  
Nick S Senske
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
History Of Technology ◽  
Cultural Narratives ◽  
Intellectual Labor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comprehensive History

Cultural narratives of digital technology in architecture rely heavily upon stories of unique, almost always male, genius and often deny the collective intellectual labor of technology’s construction. These narratives are perpetuated by a historical record which does not fully address the contributions of women to the history of digital technology. Because this history is not well-documented, there is an opportunity to represent these events in a manner which is more inclusive and equitable. Toward that end, this article focuses on narratives from the SOM Computing Group (1964–1990), as a means of correcting the historical record and addressing gender equity in the profession. The interviews collected here highlight several women who helped to integrate technologies into architecture through professional experimentation and cross-disciplinary collaboration. While it is not a comprehensive history, this work represents the beginning of an agenda to produce a history of technology in architecture which better reflects the contributions of women to the digital designs of today.

Nationality and liberty, protestant and catholic: Robert Southey’s Book of the Church

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 409-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheridan Gilley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Human Race ◽  
English History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

The Victorian liberal Roman catholic historian lord Acton thought that the history of the world was one of the growth of liberty. By liberty, he meant national independence and freedom of speech and worship, the liberties of nineteenth-century liberalism: and in his conception of the past, he drew on the whig interpretation of English history as a conflict between a progressive tradition and a reactionary one: between churches, parties and classes representing either freedom or authority. The classic statement of the idea is the whig lord Macaulay’s in 1835:Each of those great and ever-memorable struggles, Saxon against Norman, Villein against Lord, Protestant against Papist, Roundhead against Cavalier, Dissenter against Churchman, Manchester against Old Sarum, was, in its own order and season, a struggle, on the result of which were staked the dearest interests of the human race; and every man who, in the contest which, in his time, divided our country distinguished himself on the right side, is entitled to our gratitude and respect.

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