The cultural life of early domestic plant use

Antiquity ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (278) ◽  
pp. 773-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. Hastorf
Keyword(s):  
Plant Domestication ◽  
Plant Use ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Domestic Plant ◽  
Domestication Process

To what extent was gender an important factor in plant domestication? How much of the domestication process can be considered as cultural rather than biological? Christine Hastorf considers these and many associated questions in this topical essay about plants and people.

AFLP data and the origins of domesticated crops

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin G Allaby ◽  
Terence A Brown
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Plant Domestication ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Einkorn Wheat ◽  
Aflp Data ◽  
Monophyletic Origin ◽  
Aflp Genotyping ◽  
Domestication Process

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) datasets have been used to construct neighbor-joining trees from which monophyletic origins for crops such as einkorn wheat, barley, and emmer wheat have been inferred. We simulated several different multiple domestication scenarios for an imaginary cereal crop and examined the resulting domesticated populations. The simulations showed that the population biology aspects of the domestication process can result in independently domesticated populations merging in such a way that a monophyletic origin is erroneously inferred when the resulting population is examined by AFLP genotyping and neighbor-joining analysis. The results bring into question the use of this method to infer the origins of real crops.Key words: AFLPs, agriculture, neighbor-joining, plant domestication.

scholarly journals Plant Breeding and Microbiome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Eduardo Contreras-Liza
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Plant Domestication ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Domestication Process

In this review, references to the use of microorganisms in the process of plant domestication, genetic improvement, and production of traditional and improved varieties have been identified. The domestication process may have had an adverse impact on the composition and functions of the associated microbiota and the microbiota associated with plants influences multiple regulatory processes of plants that together define their phenotype. According to scientific evidence, to increase agricultural production and the sustainability of production systems, future research should develop breeding methods that optimize the symbiosis between plants and microorganisms, to produce new plant phenotypes that result in the production of enough food to meet the needs of the human population.

scholarly journals Domestication of Plants of Ugni molinae Turcz (Myrtaceae) Interferes in the Biology of Chilesia rudis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Larvae

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2063
Author(s):  
Manuel Chacón-Fuentes ◽  
Leonardo Bardehle Parra ◽  
Ivette Seguel Benítez ◽  
Fernanda Rubilar Vergara ◽  
Daniel Martínez-Cisterna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Defense ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Plant Domestication ◽  
Domestication Process ◽  
Compound Concentration ◽  
Ugni Molinae ◽  
Clear Relation

In terms of the domestication process in murtilla, studies have found changes in the concentration of phenolic compounds, with reduction of chemical defense of plants, depending on the change in the feeding behavior of insects. Thus, we hypothesized that the domestication of Ugni molinae decreases the content of phenolic compounds and modifies the feeding preference of Chilesia rudis larvae. Leaves of three parental ecotypes and four cultivated ecotypes were used in preference experiments to evaluate the mass gain and leaves consumption of larvae. Phenolic extracts from leaves of U. molinae were analyzed by HPLC. Identified compounds were incorporated in an artificial diet to assess their effect on mass gain, consumption, and survival of the larvae. The presence of phenolic compounds in bodies and feces was also evaluated. In terms of choice assays, larvae preferred parental ecotypes. Regarding compounds, vanillin was the most varied between the ecotypes in leaves. However, plant domestication did not show a reduction in phenolic compound concentration of the ecotypes studied. Furthermore, there was no clear relation between phenolic compounds and the performance of C. rudis larvae. Whether this was because of sequestration of some compounds by larvae is unknown. Finally, results of this study could also suggest that studied phenolic compounds have no role in the C. rudis larvae resistance in this stage of murtilla domestication process.

scholarly journals Pathways to plant domestication in Southeast Anatolia based on new data from aceramic Neolithic Gusir Höyük

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceren Kabukcu ◽  
Eleni Asouti ◽  
Nadja Pöllath ◽  
Joris Peters ◽  
Necmi Karul
Keyword(s):  
Plant Domestication ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Southwest Asia ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Plant Use ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Southeast Anatolia ◽  
Aceramic Neolithic ◽  
Radiometric Data

AbstractSoutheast Anatolia is home to some of the earliest and most spectacular Neolithic sites associated with the beginning of cultivation and herding in the Old World. In this article we present new archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data from Gusir Höyük, an aceramic Neolithic habitation dating to the 12th-late 11th millennia cal BP. Our results show selective use of legume crop progenitors and nuts during the earlier part of this period, followed by the management of cereal and legume crop progenitors from the mid-11th millennium cal BP. This contrasts with data available from other Anatolian habitations indicating broad spectrum plant use with low crop progenitor inputs. Early aceramic Neolithic Anatolian plant and animal exploitation strategies were site-specific, reflecting distinctive identities and culinary choices rather than environmental constraints. A multivariate evaluation of wheat grain metrics alongside botanical and radiometric data indicate that early wheat domestication in southeast Anatolia occurred at a faster pace than predicted by current hypotheses for a protracted transition to farming in Southwest Asia. We argue that this phenomenon is best explained as a corollary of the increasing importance of cereals in feasting at southeast Anatolian sites characterised by increasing architectural complexity and elaboration during the 11th millennium cal BP.

Crop domestication and indigenous crops.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Plant Domestication ◽  
Crop Domestication ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Human Energy ◽  
Domestication Process ◽  
New Form

Abstract Plant domestication is the genetic modification of a wild species to create a new form of a plant altered to meet human needs (Doebley et al., 2006). The basis of domestication is intentional selection by farmers, a process which eventually lead to improvements in plant adaptation to cultivation, yields, nutritional quality, ease of propagation and harvest, and a number of other desirable characteristics. The term 'domesticated' may also be used to refer to plants that are morphologically and genetically distinct from their wild ancestors as a result of artificial selection, or that are no longer known to occur outside of cultivation (Meyer et al., 2012). 'Semi-domesticated' refers specifically to crops that may be under cultivation and selection, but are not clearly genetically or morphologically distinct from the wild type, while undomesticated includes plants that are still wild-harvested with no artificial selection having occurred. Crop domestication served a vital purpose for the human race. It allowed nomadic societies to become settled, ensured a secure food supply, and contributed to the development of many aspects of civilisation. By the process of selection from wild ancestors and plant breeding over millennia, high yielding, reliable and improved compositional quality crops could be produced from generation to generation. Worldwide, the domestication process has seen the domination of just a handful of staple crops that now contribute to a high proportion of human energy intake.

Pembinaan Semula Peradaban Komuniti Cina Muslim Berasaskan Dialog Antara Agama: Pengalaman di Terengganu dan Brunei

Sains Insani ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Azarudin Awang ◽  
Azman Che Mat ◽  
Sophian Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Interfaith Dialogue ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Muslim Family

Bagi sesebuah negara yang mempunyai etnik pelbagai anutan kepercayaan dan perbezaan amalan budaya, dialog antara agama berperanan membetulkan semula kekaburan dalam kehidupan beragama dan berbudaya. Melalui peranan Saudara Baru, dialog antara agama mampu menjadi medan bagi menjelaskan kebenaran tentang agama Islam kepada masyarakat bukan Muslim dan pelaksanaan amalan budaya asal kepada Muslim asal. Objektif kajian ini ialah melihat pengalaman pelaksanaan dialog antara agama di Terengganu dan relevansi dalam kehidupan beragama di negara Brunei. Metode kajian ini menggunakan kajian dokumen yang menyentuh komuniti Cina Muslim di Terengganu dan Brunei. Pengalaman pelaksanaan dialog antara agama di Terengganu dan negara Brunei memperlihatkan dialog antara agama mampu membetulkan salah faham dan selanjutnya mengendurkan ketegangan hubungan antara agama dan budaya antara komuniti Saudara Baru, ahli keluarga bukan Muslim dan masyarakat Muslim asal. Biarpun begitu, adalah dicadangkan agar kajian yang menyentuh dialog antara agama perlu diperkukuhkan sebagai medium membina semula peradaban memandangkan penduduk di kedua-dua lokasi ini terdiri daripada berbilang etnik dan agama sedangkan pada masa yang sama masalah yang menyentuh hubungan antara agama sentiasa timbul. Abstract: For a country with diverse ethics of beliefs and cultural practices, interfaith dialogue plays a role to redefine ambiguity in religious and cultural life. Through the role of the New Muslim (Muslim Convert), interfaith dialogue can become a medium to explain the truth about Islam to the non-Muslims and the implementation of real cultural practices to the others Muslim. The objective of this study is to examine the experience of interfaith dialogue in Terengganu and in Brunei. The method of this study is being conducted in document research that related with the Muslim Chinese community in Terengganu and Brunei. In addition, interviews with people involved in the management of New Muslims also carried out. The experience of interfaith dialogue in Terengganu and Brunei shows that dialogue capable explains misunderstandings and further loosening the tension between religion and culture among New Muslims, non-Muslim family members and Muslim communities. However, it is recommended that studies on interfaith dialogue should be strengthened as a medium for rebuilding civilization as the residents of both locations are multi-ethnic and religious while at the same time the problem of interreligious persists.

Cinematic Search for Identity in the Shade of Turkey’s 1960 Coup: The Social Realism Debate and The Hope

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Celal Hayir ◽  
Ayman Kole
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Social Realism ◽  
New Era ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Turkish Cinema ◽  
To Come ◽  
First Time ◽  
Democratic Constitution ◽  
Realism Debate

When the Turkish army seized power on May 27th, 1960, a new democratic constitution was carried into effect. The positive atmosphere created by the 1961 constitution quickly showed its effects on political balances in the parliament and it became difficult for one single party to come into power, which strengthened the multi-party-system. The freedom initiative created by 1961’s constitution had a direct effect on the rise of public opposition. Filmmakers, who generally steered clear from the discussion of social problems and conflicts until 1960, started to produce movies questioning conflicts in political, social and cultural life for the first time and discussions about the “Social Realism” movement in the ensuing films arose in cinematic circles in Turkey. At the same time, the “regional managers” emerged, and movies in line with demands of this system started to be produced. The Hope (Umut), produced by Yılmaz Güney in 1970, rang in a new era in Turkish cinema, because it differed from other movies previously made in its cinematic language, expression, and use of actors and settings. The aim of this study is to mention the reality discussions in Turkish cinema and outline the political facts which initiated this expression leading up to the film Umut (The Hope, directed by Yılmaz Güney), which has been accepted as the most distinctive social realist movie in Turkey. 

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