Some Cultural Aspects of the Military Profession

1965 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Kjellberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Background ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Military

It is the purpose of this paper to consider some of the features of the military officer-corps which make for its uniqueness compared to other professional groups. In spite of the lack in Norway of any militaristic tradition, the corps appears in many ways distinct from the main body of society. To a greater extent than within other occupations, there seems to be a tendency toward uniformity among the military officers on the basis of particular ideals and values. This characteristic has often been related to the supposed social composition of the group. There has been a widely shared assumption that military officers have been recruited from a rather limited milieu, and particularly, that the group has been highly self-recruited. As far as the Norwegian Army officers are concerned, the data about their social background do not support this view. It seems relevant, therefore, to relate the singularity of the group to its educational aspects. Before entering on the main theme of this paper, however, some comment on the social composition might be appropriate.

The Military as a Jewish Occupation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek J. Penslar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Military Career ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
Army Officers ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the social background of Jewish military officers, the financial implications of a military career upon marriage and the formation of broader social networks, and the interplay between finance and social capital in a family that could boast of one or more army officers. It also compares the high rates of Jewish military careerism in France, Italy, and Austria-Hungary with much lower rates in the post-Civil War United States and in the United Kingdom. This disparity suggests that Jewish military careerism was linked not only to levels of emancipation but also to the prestige of a military career in each national culture. The chapter then uses the life stories of Jewish soldiers to throw new light on the relationship between Jews, the military, and the broader societies in which they lived.

Pay, Promotion, and Democratization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Seligmann
Keyword(s):  
Officer Corps ◽  
Social Reformer ◽  
Winston Churchill ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Many ◽  
Naval Officers ◽  
Lower Deck

As soon as he was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty in 1911, Winston Churchill sought to buttress his credentials as a social reformer by improving conditions for sailors in the Navy and widening the social composition of the officer corps. This chapter examines his efforts towards both of these ends. It shows how he fought against the Treasury and his Cabinet colleagues to offer sailors their first meaningful pay rise in decades. It similarly catalogues the many schemes he introduced to entice people from a wider range of backgrounds, including sailors from the lower deck, to become naval officers. As with enhanced naval pay, this required him to persevere against entrenched interests, but as this chapter will show, his achievements in this area were considerable.

scholarly journals CONDITIONS AND DYNAMICS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE OFFICER CORPS OF THE GREAT BRITAIN IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (05) ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
R.R. Marchenkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World ◽  
Transformation Processes

This article covers the internal features of the British officer corps before and during the Second World War. The author touches upon the issues of social composition and ways of recruiting officers. The article describes the dynamics of transformation processes in this category of the military segment in war.

The King’s Most Loyal Subjects

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Ricketts
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Military Reform ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Military

Prior to the eighteenth century, Spain and the Spanish Empire lacked centralized and well-organized forces, both on land or sea. As a result, the Crown was able to find space in its military organizational efforts for substantial reform. In the 1760s, in the context of major imperial wars, Bourbon officers implemented an intense military reform in central areas of the empire, such as Cuba and Peru, expanded the size and power of the army and ensured that loyal military officers occupied leading positions of power. In Peru, the military became an attractive institution for Indians and castas (people of mixed descent), allowing them to climb higher on the social and political ladder. Conflicts and tensions arose in central areas of Spanish dominion. These problems were salient in the viceroyalty of Peru, where the reform was implemented and the armies expanded in the context of a new scale of international wars.

A qualitative study of military officers’ perceptions of the adaptions couples make to meet the military organisation’s implicit expectations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Ohlsson ◽  
Sofia Alexandra Nilsson ◽  
Gerry Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Extended Family ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Adaptive Behaviors ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Military Officer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Military ◽  
Inductive Thematic Analysis

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate military officers’ perception of the implicit expectations the organisation has for the officer’s private life and what implications it may have for gender norms at the organisation, family and individual levels. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach, using an inductive thematic analysis, was performed. The data was based on 20 interviews with military officers, including 18 men and 2 women. Findings Two main themes, with three subsequent subthemes, were identified. These themes were interpreted as being necessary for the military officer to be able to manage organisational demands. The first included the implicit expectations the organisation had for the family. The three subthemes included the officer’s acceptance of frequent travel demands, adapting private life in accordance to organisational demands and picking a partner that matches the goals of the organisation. The second identified main theme included the military officer’s descriptions of implicit expectations the organisation held for the officer’s partner. Three subthemes were identified, including the partner’s need to be independent and psychologically strong, to take the main responsibility for managing family life and to engage in emotion work with the extended family. Originality/value The findings identify important perceptions that military officers have regarding the military’s expectations for their private life and the adaptive behaviors regularly performed. These adaptive behaviors allow the military officer to be able to engage in work that sustains the organisation.

The Continuing Relevance of Morris Janowitz’s The Professional Soldier for the Education of Officers

2020 ◽  
pp. 0095327X2096048
Author(s):  
Suzanne C. Nielsen ◽  
Hugh Liebert
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Military Establishment ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
Senior Leaders ◽  
Strategic Success ◽  
Education And Development ◽  
The Military

In the current strategic environment, Morris Janowitz’s The Professional Soldier deserves renewed emphasis, especially from the military’s senior leaders who are responsible for the education and development of the country’s officer corps. Janowitz’s work is an especially valuable guide to the education of officers today because of his focus on the need for military officers to understand the political impact of military posture and military operations. The education of U.S. military officers to meet the country’s national security needs in the 21st century must go beyond Huntington’s formulation of expertise to an appreciation, in Janowitz’s terms, of “the political and social impact of the military establishment on international security affairs” across the spectrum of conflict. Janowitz’s formulation is the better guide because military means serve political purposes, and ultimately, a country’s strategic success will be judged in political terms.

People and society

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-232
Author(s):  
Dominic Perring
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Identities ◽  
Funerary Monuments ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Military ◽  
Written Sources

The social composition of Roman London is described from the evidence of written sources and archaeological finds. Burials, funerary monuments, and writing tablets identify an elite community dominated by the military and administrative establishments—surrounded by businessmen, merchants, and craftsmen—where slaves were an important presence. Many can be identified as immigrants, whose presence can also be read from the evidence of a DNA and isotope analysis. Most of these powerful foreigners wouldn’t have been citizens of London but incolae. Britons were not widely in evidence. Hybrid identities, varied patterns of consumption, and ritual and ceremonial performance are also described from the finds assemblages.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document