Poisson's Memoirs on Electricity: Academic Politics and a New Style in Physics

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Home
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Mathematical Physics ◽  
Mathematical Creativity ◽  
Academic Politics ◽  
Major Figure

Siméon Denis Poisson (1781–1840) was a major figure in French science throughout the first forty years of the nineteenth century. Though his papers lack the brilliant mathematical creativity of some of those published by even more gifted contemporaries such as Joseph Fourier (1768–1830) and Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789–1857), they nevertheless display a formidable talent for mathematical analysis, applied with great industry and success in a large number of investigations ranging over the whole domain of mathematical physics. Several were of such importance that even on their own they would have sufficed to win him lasting fame.

scholarly journals Origins of Anglo-Catholic Missions: Fr Richard Benson and the Initial Missions of the Society of St John the Evangelist, 1869–1882

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROWAN STRONG
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Institutional Mission ◽  
Religious Order ◽  
Major Figure

This paper investigates the origins of Anglican Anglo-Catholic missions, through the missionary theology and practice of the founder of the Society of St John the Evangelist, Fr Richard Benson, and an exploration of its initial missionary endeavours: the Twelve-Day Mission to London in 1869, and two missions in India from 1874. The Indian missions comprised an institutional mission at Bombay and Pune, and a unique ascetic enculturated mission at Indore by Fr Samuel Wilberforce O'Neill ssje. It is argued that Benson was a major figure in the inauguration of Anglo-Catholic missions; that his ritualist moderation was instrumental in the initial public success of Anglo-Catholic domestic mission; and that in overseas missions he had a clear theological preference for disconnecting evangelism from Europeanising. Benson's approach, more radical than was normal in the second half of the nineteenth century, was a consequence of envisaging mission's being undertaken by a religious order, an entirely new phenomenon for Anglican missions.

Questions of generality as probes into nineteenth-century mathematical analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Chorlay
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Analytic Functions ◽  
Function Theory ◽  
The Third ◽  
Point Set

This article examines ways of expressing generality and epistemic configurations in which generality issues became intertwined with epistemological topics, such as rigor, or mathematical topics, such as point-set theory. In this regard, three very specific configurations are discussed: the first evolving from Niels Henrik Abel to Karl Weierstrass, the second in Joseph-Louis Lagrange’s treatises on analytic functions, and the third in Emile Borel. Using questions of generality, the article first compares two major treatises on function theory, one by Lagrange and one by Augustin Louis Cauchy. It then explores how some mathematicians adopted the sophisticated point-set theoretic tools provided for by the advocates of rigor to show that, in some way, Lagrange and Cauchy had been right all along. It also introduces the concept of embedded generality for capturing an approach to generality issues that is specific to mathematics.

Lachelier, Jules (1832–1918)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Piclin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
Major Figure ◽  
Set Up

Lachelier is, along with Octave Hamelin, one of the foremost French metaphysicians of the nineteenth century. An idealist, he was a major figure in the neo-spiritualist movement, which opposed the materialism dominating scientific thought at the time. For all that, Lachelier did not set up a division between consciousness and life, but, following the example of Maine de Biran and Ravaisson, he rather saw in mind the inwardness of life, at work in the whole of nature.

‘The emergency which has arrived’: the problematic history of nineteenth-century British algebra – a programmatic outline

1994 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menachem Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Mathematical Physics ◽  
John Herschel ◽  
History Of ◽  
As If ◽  
Second Coming

More than any other aspect of the Second Scientific Revolution, the remarkable revitalization or British mathematics and mathematical physics during the first half of the nineteenth century is perhaps the most deserving of the name. While the newly constituted sciences of biology and geology were undergoing their first revolution, as it were, the reform of British mathematics was truly and self-consciously the story of a second coming of age. ‘Discovered by Fermat, cocinnated and rendered analytical by Newton, and enriched by Leibniz with a powerful and comprehensive notation’, wrote the young John Herschel and Charles Babbage of the calculus in 1813, ‘as if the soil of this country [was] unfavourable to its cultivation, it soon drooped and almost faded into neglect; and we now have to re-import the exotic, with nearly a century of foreign improvement, and to render it once more indigenous among us’.

scholarly journals VOLTAIRE AND THE NECESSITY OF MODERN HISTORY

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIERRE FORCE
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World History ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Ernst Cassirer ◽  
Universal History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Figure ◽  
Historical Practice

This article revisits what has often been called the “naive presentism” of Voltaire's historical work. It looks at the methodological and philosophical reasons for Voltaire's deliberate focus on modern history as opposed to ancient history, his refusal to “make allowances for time” in judging the past, and his extreme selectiveness in determining the relevance of past events to world history. Voltaire's historical practice is put in the context of the quarrel of the ancients and the moderns, and considered in a tradition of universal history going back to Bossuet and leading up to nineteenth-century German historicism. Paradoxically, Voltaire is a major figure in the history of historiography not in spite of his presentism (as Ernst Cassirer and Peter Gay have argued), but because of it.

scholarly journals Blended Learning on Mathematical Analysis in Nomotex Digital Learning System

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Yury I. Dimitrienko ◽  
Michael P. Gordin ◽  
Elena A. Gubareva ◽  
Anna E. Pichugina
Keyword(s):  
Blended Learning ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Mathematical Physics ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
State Technical ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Computational Mathematics ◽  
Computer Visualization

The paper discusses the methodology and technology of teaching the discipline «Mathematical Analysis» using the new Digital Learning System Nomotex (the Nomotex DLS), developed at the Department of «Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics» Bauman Moscow State Technical University (BMSTU). A new conceptual model for conducting lectures and practical classes in blended learning is presented. Examples of interactive computer visualization of some mathematical concepts within the discipline «Mathematical analysis» are presented.

Du Bois-Reymond, Emil (1818–96)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel N. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Body Problem ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
German Science ◽  
Major Figure ◽  
Mind Body Problem ◽  
The Mind

Emil du Bois-Reymond conducted pioneering research in electrophysiology which established him as a major figure in German science in the second half of the nineteenth century. His influence extended further through his more general writings in politics and philosophy of science, in which he argued for theoretical restraint and for the recognition that certain problems (for example, the mind–body problem) fell beyond scientific modes of inquiry and explanation.

William Whewell: Professor of Mineralogy [And Crystallography] Cambridge University 1828-1834

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
George Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Trinity College ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Scientific Terms ◽  
Major Figure ◽  
William Whewell

Today philosophers, scientists, and other scholars know William Whewell as a major figure in the history and philosophy of science and as a wordsmith who coined many scientific terms still in use. Mineralogists are likely aware that there is a mineral Whewellite. Whewell entered the field of mineralogy just as it was coming of age as a science. He was a life-long academic at Trinity College, Cambridge University where he served as Professor of Mineralogy, later as Professor of Moral Philosophy, and rose to become Master of the College. His major contributions to earth science were in mathematical crystallography and tidal phenomena. Whewell's wide-ranging ideas and research qualify him as a mid-nineteenth century polymath.

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