scholarly journals Arthur Cowper Ranyard, Knowledge and the reproduction of astronomical photographs in the late nineteenth-century periodical press

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES MUSSELL
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Press ◽  
Photographic Reproduction ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Astronomical Images

AbstractThe development of photographic reproduction in the late nineteenth century permitted images in a range of visual media to be published in the press. Focusing on the popular scientific monthly Knowledge, this paper explores the evidentiary status of reproductions of astronomical photographs. After succeeding its founder Richard Anthony Proctor in 1889, the new editor of Knowledge, Arthur Cowper Ranyard, introduced high-quality collotype reproductions into each number of the magazine. One of Ranyard's main interests was the structure of the Milky Way, evidence for which was only available through astronomical photographs. As Ranyard reproduced photographs in support of his arguments, he blurred the boundaries between the published collotype, the source negative and the astronomical phenomena themselves. Since each of these carried different evidentiary value, the confusion as to what, exactly, was under discussion did not go unremarked. While eminent astronomers disputed both Ranyard's arguments and the way in which they were presented, Knowledge disseminated both striking astronomical images and also a broader debate over how they should be interpreted.

Lily Montagu and Liberal Judaism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Dwor
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Career Path ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Press ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter looks at the role of Judaism in late nineteenth-century culture, focussing on the life of Lily Montagu, whose importance lies in her activism and the unique way that she brought her faith (liberal Jewish) and her politics (socialist) into productive relationship. Montagu’s unorthodox career-path is traced and her social work and theology mapped in relation to larger debates about the Sabbath and sweated industries, at a time of heightened anxiety that Jewry was riven by a socialism in its midst. The chapter shows how models for female independence were in practice more varied than those represented in the press.

Decisions for Empire: Revisiting the 1882 Occupation of Egypt*

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (572) ◽  
pp. 94-126
Author(s):  
William Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Liberal Party ◽  
International Support ◽  
Imperial History ◽  
The Press ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Abstract The decision of Gladstone’s government to invade and occupy Egypt in 1882 remains one of the most contentious in late nineteenth-century British political and imperial history. This article examines the decision-making process in June and July 1882, revisiting Robinson and Gallagher’s influential study in the light of more recent historiographical research and previously unused sources. It looks at who made the critical decisions, what their preoccupations were, and how they were able to get Cabinet approval. Hartington and Northbrook were the two key figures, who co-operated to overturn Gladstone’s and Granville’s policy in June 1882. Yet their co-operation was momentary and they found themselves on different sides of the argument over the participation of Indian forces and international support. Although they shared a sense of Egypt’s importance to British imperial security, they each had a distinctive approach, so that the decision to occupy cannot be reduced to a conflict between Whig pragmatists and Radical idealists. The article also shows how the Alexandria riot on 11 June altered the context of decision-making by shifting the mood in the parliamentary Liberal party towards intervention. Parliament, not the press, was the crucial site of ‘public opinion’ in the Egyptian crisis in June and July 1882.

The Origins of Russian Scenery: Volga River Tourism and Russian Landscape Aesthetics

Slavic Review ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ely
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Aesthetic Object ◽  
Essential Idea ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Late Nineteenth

The essential idea of landscape, that a section of terrain can be appreciated as a visual or aesthetic object, is largely a phenomenon of modern history, tied to processes such as urbanization and the development of tourism. Although the appreciation of landscape in Russia was influenced by European aesthetics, Russia developed a unique approach to its own natural environment, and the Volga River played an important role in that process. When steamship tourism appeared on the Volga in the late nineteenth century, the river became a crucial location for the articulation of a new, scenic aesthetic. But this aesthetic competed with earlier views of Russian landscape, which held that the simple and unspectacular character of the native countryside contrasted favorably with the overly picturesque and inauthentic landscapes of western Europe. Images of the Volga that emerged in guidebooks, travelogues, and visual media took shape in attempts to negotiate between the touristic impulse to appreciate beautiful scenery and more established conceptions of Russian nature as appealing precisely in its lack of picturesqueness.

From Data to News: Weather Reporting, Telegraphy and the Press in Colonial Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Cryle
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
The Press ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This article examines the role of telegraphy and newspapers in the provision of weather news during the late nineteenth century. In order to trace the transformation from data to news, the discussion begins by documenting the formation of both technical and professional meteorological networks, at a time when government observers across the colonies began to compile joint reports for an expanding reading public. In this respect, its focus will be primarily on the use of the inter-colonial telegraph, and upon two influential observers operating in different Australian colonies: Charles Todd in South Australia and Clement Wragge in Queensland. In order to explore the development of colonial weather networks in the age of the telegraph, the article examines the protracted press and professional controversy that arose between these two media personalities, and maps the transformation of weather telegrams into news by late colonial newspapers.

scholarly journals Tatar Pedlars in the Grand Duchy of Finland in the Late Nineteenth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Wassholm
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
The Press ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Digital Newspaper ◽  
Grand Duchy

In the 1880s, the arrival of a new group of traders was noted in Finnish- and Swedish-languagenewspapers published in the Grand Duchy of Finland. The newcomers were Muslim Tatars, pettytraders originating in a few villages south of Nizhny Novgorod. They found a livelihood in marketand itinerant trade in the Russian Empire. This article examines depictions of Tatar mobile tradersin the late nineteenth-century press in Finland. While petty trade has left fragmentary traces inhistorical sources, the Finnish National Library’s digital newspaper database offers new possibilitiesto create an overview of how the press depicted relations between the early Tatar itineranttraders and the local sedentary society. Through the concepts of space and practices, the articlediscusses the following topics: fairs as a space for ethnic encounters, Tatar trading practices andinteraction with local customers, the traders’ use of space and tactics in relation to formal regulationand the fairs as a “threatening” space. The article contributes new knowledge on the earlyperiod of Tatar presence in Finland, relatively invisible in previous research, and on the multiethniccharacter of late nineteenth-century petty trade.

scholarly journals Ferdinand Boberg och statistikmaskineriet. Om statistik som medium, attraktion och utställning, ca 1800-1930

1970 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Anders Ekström
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Visual Language ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Graphic Representations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Visual Realism

Different types of statistical representations were among the most prolific visual media in late nineteenth century museums and temporary exhibitions. From the 1890s to the 1930s, several ”social” or ”statistical museums” were founded in Europe and North America, the most famously of which were established by the sociologist Patric Geddes in Glasgow, and by the philosopher Otto Neurath in Vienna. The first part of this paper gives a survey of the development of graphic representations in the nineteenth century, with particular emphasis on the visual pedagogics involved in statistical display. The second part of the paper is dedicated to two statistical displays developed by the Swedish architect Ferdinand Boberg at exhibitions in Helsingborg in 1903 and Stockholm in 1909. In particular, the analysis is focused on the ways in which Boberg’s ”machinery of statistics” – a series of moving, figurative and three-dimensional representations of statistics – related to other media presented at the exhibitions, and to the ways in which the audience was invited to interact with the displays. In the conclusion, the development and use of statistical media in early twentieth century museums are discussed in relation to an intermedial discourse on visual realism and the utopian idea of a universal visual language. 

Typewriters and Typists: Secretarial Agency at the Fin de Siècle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Wånggren
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Woman ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Fin De Siècle ◽  
The New Woman ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Self Formation

The second chapter examines the link between the New Woman and the typewriter, a technology which proved one of the most significant means for women to enter the offices at the Victorian fin de siècle. The chapter provides a historical and literary account of both the machine and its operator, through reading fictional works as well as trade journals and other periodical press of the time. As the typewriter came into widespread use in the late nineteenth century, the New Woman typist became a recurrent literary motif. Reading Grant Allen’s The Type-Writer Girl (1897) and Tom Gallon’s The Girl Behind the Keys (1903), the chapter emphasises a kind of secretarial agency formulated in these works, in which the New Woman typist figure appropriates the typewriter as a means of self-formation.

Postal Subsidies for the Press and the Business of Mass Culture, 1880–1920

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Kielbowicz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Post Office ◽  
Regional Newspapers ◽  
The Press ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Low second-class postage made it easy for national magazines and regional newspapers to reach their readers in the late nineteenth century. But the Post Office and some members of Congress questioned the wisdom of a policy that enabled advertising-filled publications to circulate at subsidized rates. This article traces the efforts to reform the postal policy governing periodicals, which became enmeshed in Progressive Era debates about the value of mass culture and government's role in promoting it.

scholarly journals Tea with the Divorcees: Five’o Clock Figures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion GLAUMAUD-CARBONNIER ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Social Status ◽  
French Literature ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Divorce Law ◽  
The Press ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Nineteenth Century French Literature

Promulgated in July 1884, the divorce law introduces a new character in late nineteenth century French literature: the figure of the divorcee. This woman, who is very little portrayed in novels, however intrigues the press because of her unprecedented social status. In the short stories published in newspapers, the divorced woman often appears at tea time, a gallant Parisian hour that serves as a setting for gossip. The aim of this paper is therefore to enlighten, by using a sociopoetic approach, these figures of the crépuscule.

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