scholarly journals Effects of dietary supplementation with red-pigmented leafy lettuce (Lactuca sativa) on lipid profiles and antioxidant status in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat high-cholesterol diet

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 1246-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeung Hee Lee ◽  
Penelope Felipe ◽  
Yoon Hyung Yang ◽  
Mi Yeon Kim ◽  
Oh Yoon Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

The present study was undertaken to assess the beneficial effects of a daily consumption of 8 % freeze-dried red-pigmented leafy lettuce (Lactuca sativa) on CVD. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat high-cholesterol diet supplemented with or without red-pigmented leafy lettuce for 4 weeks. The present results showed that the red-pigmented leafy lettuce-supplemented diet significantly decreased the level of total and LDL-cholesterol and TAG in the plasma of the mice. The atherosclerotic index was calculated to be 46 % lower in the mice fed with the lettuce diet compared with the control diet. Lipid peroxidation measured by 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was markedly reduced in the plasma, liver, heart and kidney of the mice fed the lettuce diet. The content of antioxidants (total glutathione and β-carotene) was significantly increased by lettuce supplementation. The antioxidant defence system by antioxidant enzymes including glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and paraoxanase in blood or liver tissues was also increased, and showed the improved oxidative stress in the mice fed the lettuce diet. The measurement of tail DNA (%), tail extent moment and olive tail moment indicated that the lettuce diet increased the resistance of hepatocyte and lymphocyte DNA to oxidative damage. The present study showed that the supplementation of a high-cholesterol high-fat diet with 8 % red-pigmented leafy lettuce resulted in an improvement of plasma cholesterol and lipid levels, prevention of lipid peroxidation and an increase of the antioxidant defence system and, therefore, could contribute to reduce the risk factors of CVD.

Chronic intermittent hypoxia causes hepatitis in a mouse model of diet-induced fatty liver

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. G871-G877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Savransky ◽  
Shannon Bevans ◽  
Ashika Nanayakkara ◽  
Jianguo Li ◽  
Philip L. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) during sleep. OSA is associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in obese individuals and may contribute to progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from steatosis to NASH. The purpose of this study was to examine whether CIH induces inflammatory changes in the liver in mice with diet-induced hepatic steatosis. C57BL/6J mice ( n = 8) on a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet were exposed to CIH for 6 mo and were compared with mice on the same diet exposed to intermittent air (control; n = 8). CIH caused liver injury with an increase in serum ALT (461 ± 58 U/l vs. 103 ± 16 U/l in the control group; P < 0.01) and AST (637 ± 37 U/l vs. 175 ± 13 U/l in the control group; P < 0.001), whereas alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin levels were unchanged. Histology revealed hepatic steatosis in both groups, with mild accentuation of fat staining in the zone 3 hepatocytes in mice exposed to CIH. Animals exposed to CIH exhibited lobular inflammation and fibrosis in the liver, which were not evident in control mice. CIH caused significant increases in lipid peroxidation in serum and liver tissue; significant increases in hepatic levels of myeloperoxidase and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and CXC chemokine MIP-2; a trend toward an increase in TNF-α; and an increase in α1(I)-collagen mRNA. We conclude that CIH induces lipid peroxidation and inflammation in the livers of mice on a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet.

Sub-chronic microcystin-LR renal toxicity in rats fed a high fat/high cholesterol diet

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 128773
Author(s):  
Tarana Arman ◽  
Katherine D. Lynch ◽  
Michael Goedken ◽  
John D. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat

scholarly journals Interleukin-18 predicts atherosclerosis progression in SIV-infected and uninfected rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) on a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H Yearley ◽  
Dongling Xia ◽  
Christine B Pearson ◽  
Angela Carville ◽  
Richard P Shannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Interleukin 18 ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Atherosclerosis Progression

Abstract 130: Hypercholesterolemia Suppresses Carotid Artery Endothelial NOS3 Expression via Epigenetic Mechanisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Sotolongo ◽  
Yi-Zhou Jiang ◽  
John Karanian ◽  
William Pritchard ◽  
Peter Davies
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat

Objective: One of the first clinically detectable changes in the vasculature during atherogenesis is the accumulation of cholesterol within the vessel wall. Hypercholesterolemia is characterized by dysfunctional endothelial-dependent vessel relaxation and impaired NOS3 function. Since DNA methylation at gene promoter regions strongly suppresses gene expression, we postulated that high-fat/high-cholesterol diet suppresses endothelial NOS3 through promoter DNA methylation. Methods: Domestic male pigs were fed control diet (CD) or isocaloric high fat and high cholesterol diet (HC; 12% fat and 1.5% cholesterol) for 2, 4, 8 or 12 weeks prior to tissue collection. Furthermore, to determine the effects of risk factor withdrawal, an additional group of swine received HC for 12 weeks and then CD for 8 weeks; a control group received HC continuously for 20 weeks. Endothelial cells were harvested from common carotid aorta. In parallel in vitro studies, cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were treated with human LDL, GW3956 (LXR agonist) and RG108 (DNA methyltransferase [DNMT] inhibitor). In cells from both sources, DNA methylation at the NOS3 promoter was measured using methylation specific pyro sequencing, and endothelial gene expression was measured using RT PCR. Results: HC diet increased plasma cholesterol level from 75 mg/dl on CD to a plateau of about 540 mg/dl within 2 weeks. Endothelial NOS3 expression was significantly reduced (71±9 % of CD) after 4 weeks of HC, a level sustained at subsequent time points. Withdrawal of HC for 8 weeks did not recover NOS3 expression. After 12-week HC, the NOS3 promoter was hypermethylated. Withdrawal of HC did not reverse NOS3 promoter methylation. In vitro treatment of HAEC with human LDL (200 mg/dl total cholesterol) or GW3956 (5μM) suppressed NOS3 mRNA to 50% and 30% respectively, suggesting that LXR/RXR is involved in suppression of NOS3. Nitric oxide production was consistently suppressed by GW3959. Both could be reversed through inhibition of DNMTs by RG108. Conclusions: DNA methylation and LXR/RXR pathway can mediate the HC-suppression of endothelial NOS3. The study identifies novel pharmaceutical targets in treating endothelial dysfunction. Crosstalk between these pathways is under investigation.

scholarly journals Mangosteen Pericarp Inhibits Nuclear Factor ?B (NF-?B) Activation and Reduces Expression of ICAM-1 in High Cholesterol Diet Rat

2013 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
H Hendarto ◽  
Mohammad Saifur Rohman ◽  
Djanggan Sargowo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Underlying Risk Factor ◽  
Underlying Risk

Background: Atherosclerosis is widely viewed as an inflammatory disease with hypercholesterolemia being a dominant underlying risk factor. This study aimed to determine the effect of mangosteen pericarp in inhibition of NF-?B activation and ICAM-1 expression in rat fed with high cholesterol.Methods and Results: Various doses of crude extract mangosteen pericarp were administered to the high fat diet wistar rats and the activity of NF-?B measured by immunohistochemistry to assess nuclear NF-?B expression and the ICAM-1 expression. The high fat diet resulted significant increased serum LDL levels. Increased nuclear NF- ?B activation and ICAM-1 expression were also observed in high fat diet rats in concurrence with increased serum LDL. The inhibitory effect on NF- ?B activity and ICAM-1 expression was observed when 400 mg of mangosteen pericarp crude extract was administered and even showed a higher inhibitory effect in 800 mg of mangosteen pericap treated rats. The 800 mg extract treatment resulted in decreased ICAM-1 expression similar to those of non high fat rats.Conclusion: The administration of 800 mg mangosteen pericarp crude extract significantly inhibited NF-?B activation and reversed the expression of ICAM -1 to the normal level in high cholesterol diet rats.

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