scholarly journals The use of low-glycaemic index diets in diabetes control

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Thomas ◽  
E. J. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Improved Glycaemic Control

The aim of diabetes management is to normalise blood glucose levels since improved blood glucose control is associated with fewer complications. Food affects blood glucose levels; however, there is no universal approach to the optimal diabetic diet and there is controversy about the usefulness of the low-glycaemic index (GI) diet. To assess the effects of low-GI diets on glycaemic control in diabetes, we conducted electronic searches of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. We assessed randomised controlled trials (RCT) with interventions >4 weeks that compared a low-GI diet with a higher-GI diet for type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Twelve RCT (n612) were identified. There was a significant decrease in glycated Hb (HbA1c) with low-GI diet than with the control diet, indicating improved glycaemic control (seven trials,n457, weighted mean difference (WMD) − 0·4 % HbA1c, 95 % CI − 0·7, − 0·20,P = 0·001). In four studies reporting the results for glycaemic control as fructosamine, three of which were 6 weeks or less in duration, pooled data showed a decrease in fructosamine (WMD − 0·23 mmol/l, 95 % CI − 0·47, 0·00,P = 0·05),n141, with low-GI diet than with high-GI diet. Glycosylated albumin levels decreased significantly with low-GI diet, but not with high-GI diet, in one study that reported this outcome. Lowering the GI of the diet may contribute to improved glycaemic control in diabetes.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Blood Glucose Control And Decrease Of Peripheral Vascularization In Diabetes Mellitus Patient

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Fitria Endah Janitra ◽  
Dinda Sandika
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Tissue Ischemia ◽  
Control Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Chronic complications of DM affect coronary circulation, peripheral vascularization, and blood vessels of the brain. Decrease in peripheral vascularization increases the risk of tissue ischemia and weakens functional status, therefore it is necessary to control blood glucose levels. Islam teaches to its believers to control their diet, where diet is one of the four pillars of diabetes management. Methodology: this is analytic descriptive research with cross sectional methods in 67 respondents taken by consecutive sampling technique. Results: There was a significant correlation within blood glucose control and decreased peripheral vascularization in DM patients (p-value 0.010). Discussion: need further research regarding nursing intervention to control blood glucose.

scholarly journals Emerging Applications for Intelligent Diabetes Management

AI Magazine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Marling ◽  
Matthew Wiley ◽  
Razvan Bunescu ◽  
Jay Shubrook ◽  
Frank Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Diabetes management is a difficult task for patients, who must monitor and control their blood glucose levels in order to avoid serious diabetic complications. It is a difficult task for physicians, who must manually interpret large volumes of blood glucose data to tailor therapy to the needs of each patient. This paper describes three emerging applications that employ AI to ease this task: (1) case-based decision support for diabetes management; (2) machine learning classification of blood glucose plots; and (3) support vector regression for blood glucose prediction. The first application provides decision support by detecting blood glucose control problems and recommending therapeutic adjustments to correct them. The second provides an automated screen for excessive glycemic variability. The third aims to build a hypoglycemia predictor that could alert patients to dangerously low blood glucose levels in time to take preventive action. All are products of the 4 Diabetes Support SystemTM project, which uses AI to promote the health and wellbeing of people with type 1 diabetes. These emerging applications could potentially benefit 20 million patients who are at risk for devastating complications, thereby improving quality of life and reducing health care cost expenditures.

Modern technologies in diabetes management - continuous glucose monitoring and insulin pump therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
E.Yu. Pyankova ◽  
◽  
L.A. Anshakova ◽  
I.A. Pyankov ◽  
S.V. Yegorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Insulin Pump ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Insulin Pump Therapy ◽  
Pump Therapy ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Glucose Lowering Therapy

The problems of complications of diabetes mellitus cannot be solved without constant monitoring of blood glucose levels. The evolution of additional technologies for the determination of glucose in the blood of the last decades makes it possible to more accurately predict the risks of complications, both in the individual and in the patient population as a whole. The article provides an overview of the methods used in modern diabetology, facilitating control over the variability of blood glucose levels and helping in a more accurate selection of glucose-lowering therapy. All presented methods are currently working in real clinical practice in the Khabarovsk Krai

Knowledge of Diabetes mellitus and Glycaemic Control

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-197
Author(s):  
David L. Robinson ◽  
Mahmoud Al-Bustan ◽  
Milad S. Bitar ◽  
Adnan Al-Asousi ◽  
Sobia Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Diabetes Knowledge ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

It has been claimed that lack of knowledge of diabetes mellitus has been a cause of excess admissions and morbidity. There is also some evidence that diabetic education programs can improve self-regulatory behaviour and reduce hospital admissions. In this report we test the hypothesis that greater knowledge of diabetes should be associated with better glycaemic control and lower fasting blood glucose levels. Responses to diabetes knowledge questions were provided by 420 patients attending diabetic clinics in Kuwait. In an earlier and complementary report a principal components analysis revealed that knowledge of diabetes cannot be understood in terms of a single general factor. With a subsequent Varimax rotation we obtained 12 uncorrelated knowledge factors with eigenvalues greater than unity and these would all be confounded in the simple aggregation of correct answers to diabetes knowledge questions employed in earlier studies. Results are now described which show that the 12-factor model of diabetes knowledge is better able to predict blood glucose levels than the scores obtained on a single scale by just summing the correct answers to all diabetes knowledge questions. A standard multiple linear regression with the diabetes knowledge factors age, sex and ‘years since diagnosis’ as independent variables, and fasting blood glucose levels as the dependent variable, shows that 4 of the 12 factors yield statistically significant semi-partial correlation coefficients that account for unique fractions of the total variance of blood glucose levels. The meaning of these 4 factors is discussed with special reference to glycaemic control and blood glucose levels.

scholarly journals An evaluation of randomized controlled trials on nutraceuticals containing traditional Chinese medicines for diabetes management: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junnan Shi ◽  
Hao Hu ◽  
Joanna Harnett ◽  
Xiaoting Zheng ◽  
Zuanji Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Abstract Background Nutraceuticals containing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are promoted for use in the management of diabetes. The evidence to support such use is largely unknown. This study aimed to summarise and evaluate the literature reporting the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of nutraceuticals in people living with diabetes. Methods Literature from four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science) was searched following PRISMA guidelines to yield RCT publications on nutraceutical for diabetes management published since 2009. The quality of reporting was assessed using the CONSORT 2010 checklist statement. Risk-of-bias for each study was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results Out of 1978 records identified in the initial search, 24 randomized, double/triple-blinded, controlled trials that investigated the effect of nutraceuticals covering 17 different TCM herbs for diabetes management were selected. Participants included people who were diabetic (n = 16), pre-diabetic (n = 3) or predisposed to diabetes (n = 5). Sample sizes ranged between 23 and 117 for 2 arms, or 99–165 for 3 arms. Comparisons were made against placebo (n = 22), conventional medicine (n = 1), or regular diet (n = 1) for a duration between 4 and 24 weeks. All but one study tested the effect on fasting blood glucose levels (n = 23) or glycated haemoglobin levels (n = 18), and/or postprandial 2-h blood glucose levels (n = 4) as the primary outcomes. Nineteen studies reported some statistically significant reductions in the respective measures while 5 studies showed no effect on primary or secondary outcomes. None of the included studies met all the criteria for the CONSORT guidelines. Incomplete reporting about randomization and blinding, and a lack of ancillary analyses to explore other influential factors and potential harms associated with the use were repeatedly noted. Based on the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, 19 studies were deemed to have a high risk of bias mainly attributed to sponsor bias. Conclusions There is some evidence to suggest positive clinical outcomes in response to the administration of a range of nutraceuticals containing TCM in the management of diabetes. However, these results must be interpreted with caution due to the overall low quality of the trials.

The beaver pond analogy of blood glucose control.

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (6) ◽  
pp. S69 ◽  
Author(s):  
D P Swain
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Beaver Pond ◽  
Counterregulatory Hormones ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Stream Beds

The concentration of glucose is tightly regulated in the blood by a complicated set of physiological variables. To provide students with a means to more readily understand these complex mechanisms, the control of the water level in a beaver pond is presented as an analogy. A beaver must maintain a constant water level in the pond for the proper functioning of the lodge, just as blood glucose is maintained for, among other reasons, brain function. The beaver controls the water level by changing outflow over the dam and inflow from stream beds. Water flow over the dam is analogous to glucose leaving the blood for tissues, which is controlled by insulin. Inflow of water from streams is analogous to glucose absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and glucose release from the liver, the latter being controlled by glucagon and other counterregulatory hormones. The analogy is extended by considering the effects of exercise in normal and diabetic individuals on blood glucose levels.

scholarly journals The dynamics of invasive and noninvasive blood glucose monitoring methods: Recent trends

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Yur'evna Babenko ◽  
Yulia Alexeevna Kononova ◽  
Alexandr Ivanovich Tsiberkin ◽  
Michail Konstantinovich Khodzitsky ◽  
Elena Nilkolaevna Grineva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Improved prognoses of patients with type 2 diabetes are primarily determined by the extent of blood glucose control (correction of both hyper- and hypoglycemia and normalization of blood glucose levels). The proper identification and timely correction of abnormal blood glucose levels require frequent blood glucose monitoring by the patient. Currently used methods for the self-monitoring of blood glucose have significant drawbacks that limit their use. The most significant problems with these methods include insufficient accuracy, invasiveness and high cost, leading to noncompliance and difficult assessment of disease status. Such factors underscore the need for a noninvasive, cost-effective and highly accurate method to measure blood glucose levels. There are several different approaches for the noninvasive measurement of blood glucose levels, including optical analysis, ultrasound and bioimpedance. The concept of a noninvasive glucometer was launched more than 30 years ago. Nevertheless, most noninvasive technologies are still in early stages of development and are not used in clinical practice. This review describers the most promising developments in this area.

scholarly journals Low glycaemic index diet in patients prescribed clozapine: pilot study

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 292-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Smith ◽  
Tom White
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Random Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Mean

Aims and MethodThis study aimed to investigate the potential benefits of a low glycaemic index diet in patients with schizophrenia taking clozapine. Seven patients consented to participate in a 5-week pilot study. Measurements were taken of body weight, random blood glucose and cholesterol levels.ResultsThe mean weight loss per patient was 2.9 kg in 4 weeks. Random blood glucose levels reduced from a mean of 5.3 mmol/l at the beginning of the study to 4.7 mmol/l at the end.Clinical ImplicationsA low glycaemic index diet may possibly reduce the substantial cardiovascular risk in patients receiving antipsychotic medication.

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