scholarly journals Effect of the level and type of starchy concentrate on tissue lipid metabolism, gene expression and milk fatty acid secretion in Alpine goats receiving a diet rich in sunflower-seed oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 1147-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bernard ◽  
C. Leroux ◽  
J. Rouel ◽  
M. Bonnet ◽  
Y. Chilliard
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Sunflower Seed Oil ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The potential benefits on human health have prompted an interest in developing nutritional strategies for reducing saturated and increasing specific unsaturated fatty acids (FA) in ruminant milk. The impact of the level and type of starchy concentrate added to diets supplemented with sunflower-seed oil on caprine milk FA composition and on mammary, omental and perirenal adipose, and liver lipid metabolism was examined in fourteen Alpine goats in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square with 21 d experimental periods. Treatments were a grass hay-based diet with a high level of forage (F) or a high level of concentrate with either maize grain (CM) or flattened wheat (CW) as source of starch and supplemented with 130 g/d sunflower-seed oil. Milk yield was enhanced (P < 0·01) and milk fat content was decreased on the CM and CW diets compared with the F diet, resulting in similar milk fat secretion. Both high-concentrate diets increased (P < 0·05) milk yield of 10 : 0-16 : 0 and decreased trans-9,11-18 : 1 and cis-9, trans-11-18 : 2. The CW diet decreased (P < 0·05) the output of Σ C18 and Σ cis-18 : 1 and increased (P < 0·05) the output of trans-10-18 : 1 in milk. The expression and/or activity of fourteen proteins involved in the major lipogenic pathways in mammary tissues and of lipogenic genes in adipose and liver tissues were similar among treatments. In conclusion, high starch concentrates alter milk FA yield via mechanisms independent of changes in mammary, liver or adipose tissue lipogenic gene expression. Furthermore, data provided indications that mammary lipogenic responses to starch-rich diets differ between caprine and bovine ruminants.

scholarly journals Effect of incremental levels of sunflower-seed oil in the diet on ruminal lipid metabolism in lactating cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 971-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Shingfield ◽  
S. Ahvenjärvi ◽  
V. Toivonen ◽  
A. Vanhatalo ◽  
P. Huhtanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Sunflower Seed Oil ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

Based on the potential benefits ofcis-9,trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) for human health there is interest in developing sustainable nutritional strategies for enhancing the concentration of this fatty acid in ruminant-derived foods. Most evidence to date suggests that endogenous synthesis is the major source ofcis-9,trans-11 in milk fat and ruminal outflow is limited and largely independent of dietary 18 : 2n-6 supply. Four lactating cows fitted with a rumen cannula were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square with 14 d experimental periods to examine the effects of sunflower-seed oil (SFO) as a source of 18 : 2n-6 on ruminal lipid metabolism. Cows were offered grass silage-based diets supplemented with 0, 250, 500 or 750 g SFO/d. Supplements of SFO had no effect on DM intake, milk fat or protein secretion, but increased linearly (P < 0·01) milk yield and milk lactose output and shifted (P < 0·001) rumen fermentation towards propionate at the expense of acetate. SFO supplements increased linearly (P < 0·05) the flow of 18 : 0, 18 : 1, 18 : 2n-6 and total CLA at the omasum and enhanced ruminalcis-9-18 : 1, 18 : 2n-6 and 18 : 3n-3 metabolism. Flows of all-trans- (Δ4–16) andcis- (Δ9–16) 18 : 1 isomers were elevated, while increases in ruminal CLA outflow were confined totrans-8,trans-10 and geometric 9,11 and 10,12 isomers. It is concluded that supplementing grass silage-based diets with plant oils rich in 18 : 2n-6 enhances ruminal outflow oftrans-11-18 : 1 andcis-9,trans-11-CLA in lactating cows.

scholarly journals Milk performance of dairy cows supplemented with rape seed oil, peanut oil, and sunflower seed oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.J. Dai ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
Q. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Sunflower Seed Oil

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of supplementing different plant oils to the basal diet on milk yield and milk composition in mid-lactating dairy cows. Forty Chinese Holstein dairy cows averaging 120 days in milk (DIM) at the start of the experiment (body weight = 580 &plusmn; 18.2 kg; milk yield = 33.0 &plusmn; 2.00 kg/day) were used in a completely randomized block design. The animals were assigned to four dietary treatments according to DIM and milk yield, and supplemented with no oil (control), 2% rapeseed oil (RSO), 2% peanut oil (PNO) and 2% sunflower seed oil (SFO). Milk yield and milk composition (fat, protein, and lactose) were measured. Dry matter intake was similar in all treatments. The supplementation of plant oil increased milk yield, with the highest milk yield in RSO group. Percentages of milk fat, lactose, solids-not-fat and SCC were not affected by treatments except for an increase in milk protein content in oil supplemented groups. The fatty acid (FA) profile of milk was altered by fat supplementation. Feeding plant oils reduced the proportion of both short-chain (C4:0 to C12:0) and medium-chain (C14:0 to C16:1) fatty acids, and increased the proportion of long-chain (&ge; C18:0) fatty acids in milk fat. The inclusion of vegetable oils increased the concentration of cis-9, trans-11 CLA. The cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk fat was higher from RSO to PNO and SFO was higher than the control. The TVA concentration was higher in the SFO diet, followed by PNO, RSO, and control diets. The results of this study indicated that linoleic acid was more effective in enhancing contents of TVA and CLA in milk fat than oleic acid. No significant effects of week and treatment by week interaction were found out in this study. Overall, feeding plant oils increased monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased saturated fatty acids in milk fat. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of RSO increases milk yield the most, while SFO enhances the cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk fat more effectively.

Sunflower-seed oil, rapidly-degradable starch, and adiposity up-regulate leptin gene expression in lactating goats

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bonnet ◽  
C. Delavaud ◽  
L. Bernard ◽  
J. Rouel ◽  
Y. Chilliard
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Sunflower Seed Oil ◽  
Lactating Goats

scholarly journals Effects of fish oil and starch added to a diet containing sunflower-seed oil on dairy goat performance, milk fatty acid composition and in vivo Δ9-desaturation of [13C]vaccenic acid

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Bernard ◽  
Julien Mouriot ◽  
Jacques Rouel ◽  
Frédéric Glasser ◽  
Pierre Capitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Sunflower Seed Oil ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The potential benefits on human health have prompted an interest in developing nutritional strategies for specifically increasing rumenic acid (RA) in ruminant milk. The aims of the present study were to (i) compare two dietary treatments with lipid supplements on milk yield and composition, (ii) measure the in vivo Δ9-desaturation of vaccenic acid (VA) to RA using 13C-labelled VA and (iii) determine the effect of the dietary treatments on this variable. Treatments were 90 g sunflower-seed oil (SO) per d or 60 g sunflower-seed oil and 30 g fish oil per d plus additional starch (SFO), in a grassland hay-based diet given to eight Alpine goats in a 2 × 2 cross-over design with 21 d experimental periods. Milk yield and composition were similar between treatments. Goats fed SFO had higher milk 6 : 0–16 : 0 concentration, lower milk ΣC18 concentrations and showed no effect on milk VA and RA, compared with SO. At the end of the experiment, intravenous injection of 1·5 g [13C]VA followed by measurements of milk lipid 13C enrichment showed that in vivo 31·7 and 31·6 % of VA was Δ9-desaturated into milk RA in the caprine with the SO and SFO treatments, respectively. The expression of genes encoding for Δ9-desaturase (or stearoyl-CoA desaturase; SCD1, SCD5) in mammary tissues and four milk Δ9-desaturation ratios were similar between treatments. In conclusion, the present study provides the first estimates of in vivo endogenous synthesis of RA (63–73 % of milk RA) from VA in goats, and shows no difference between the two lipid supplements compared.

Factors Affecting Initial Retention of a Microencapsulated Sunflower Seed Oil/Milk Fat Fraction Blend

2007 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Cerdeira ◽  
Gonzalo G. Palazolo ◽  
Roberto J. Candal ◽  
María L. Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sunflower Seed Oil ◽  
Fat Fraction

Effect of sunflower-seed oil or linseed oil on milk fatty acid secretion and lipogenic gene expression in goats fed hay-based diets

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Bernard ◽  
Christine Leroux ◽  
Yannick Faulconnier ◽  
Denys Durand ◽  
Kevin J Shingfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Fat Synthesis

Plant oils in the diet are known to alter milk fat composition owing to changes in the supply of fatty acid precursors and/or activity of lipogenic enzymes in the mammary gland. Thirteen mid-lactating Alpine goats were used in a 3×3 Latin square design with 28-d periods to evaluate possible mechanisms regulating milk fat synthesis and fatty acid composition on grass hay-based diets containing none (H) or 55 g/kg diet dry matter of sunflower-seed oil (HSO) or linseed oil (HLO). Inclusion of oils in the diet had no effect on milk yield but enhanced (P<0·05) milk fat secretion. Compared with the control, HLO and HSO decreased (P<0·05) C10–C16 secretion and increased (P<0·05) C18 output in milk, responses that were accompanied by reductions in milk fat cis-9 14:1/14:0, cis-9 18:1/18:0 and cis-9, trans-11 18:2/cis-9 18:1 concentration ratios. Plant oil supplements decreased (P<0·05) mammary stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity but had no effect on SCD mRNA. Treatments had no effect on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, or mRNA abundance and/or activity of lipoprotein lipase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase in mammary, hepatic or adipose tissue. The results provided little support for milk fatty acid secretion responses to HLO and HSO being mediated via changes in mammary, hepatic or adipose mRNA abundance or in the activity of key lipogenic enzymes. In conclusion, plant oils in the diet enhance milk fat synthesis, alter milk fatty acid composition and specifically inhibit mammary SCD activity in the goat. Furthermore, the results suggest that the regulation of mammary lipogenesis in response to plant oils appears related to factors other than altered mammary gene expression or potential lipogenic enzyme activity.

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