scholarly journals Dietary patterns and bone mineral status in young adults: the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 1494-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire R. Whittle ◽  
Jayne V. Woodside ◽  
Chris R. Cardwell ◽  
Hannah J. McCourt ◽  
Ian S. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Status ◽  
Bone Mineral Status

Studies of individual nutrients or foods have revealed much about dietary influences on bone. Multiple food or nutrient approaches, such as dietary pattern analysis, could offer further insight but research is limited and largely confined to older adults. We examined the relationship between dietary patterns, obtained by a posteriori and a priori methods, and bone mineral status (BMS; collective term for bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD)) in young adults (20–25 years; n 489). Diet was assessed by 7 d diet history and BMD and BMC were determined at the lumbar spine and femoral neck (FN). A posteriori dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA) and three a priori dietary quality scores were applied (dietary diversity score (DDS), nutritional risk score and Mediterranean diet score). For the PCA-derived dietary patterns, women in the top compared to the bottom fifth of the ‘Nuts and Meat’ pattern had greater FN BMD by 0·074 g/cm2 (P = 0·049) and FN BMC by 0·40 g (P = 0·034) after adjustment for confounders. Similarly, men in the top compared to the bottom fifth of the ‘Refined’ pattern had lower FN BMC by 0·41 g (P = 0·049). For the a priori DDS, women in the top compared to the bottom third had lower FN BMD by 0·05 g/cm2 after adjustments (P = 0·052), but no other relationships with BMS were identified. In conclusion, adherence to a ‘Nuts and Meat’ dietary pattern may be associated with greater BMS in young women and a ‘Refined’ dietary pattern may be detrimental for bone health in young men.

Dietary patterns and bone mineral status in young adults: the Young Hearts Project, Northern Ireland

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (OCE5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Whittle ◽  
H. J. McCourt ◽  
I. S. Young ◽  
L. J. Murray ◽  
C. A. Boreham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Mineral Status ◽  
Bone Mineral Status

scholarly journals A Priori and a Posteriori Dietary Patterns among Pregnant Women in Johannesburg, South Africa: The NuPED Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Cornelia Conradie ◽  
Jeannine Baumgartner ◽  
Linda Malan ◽  
Elizabeth A. Symington ◽  
Marike Cockeran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Urban South ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Nutrient Patterns

Dietary pattern analyses allow assessment of the diet as a whole. Limited studies include both a priori and a posteriori dietary pattern analyses. This study aimed to explore the diet of pregnant women in urban South Africa through both a priori and a posteriori dietary pattern analyses and associated maternal and household factors. Dietary data were collected during early pregnancy using a quantified food frequency questionnaire from 250 pregnant women enrolled in the Nutrition During Pregnancy and Early Development (NuPED) cohort. A priori dietary patterns were determined using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), and a posteriori nutrient patterns using exploratory factor analysis. Based on the DQI-I, the study population followed a borderline low-quality diet. Three a posteriori nutrient patterns were identified: Pattern 1 “plant protein, iron, thiamine, and folic acid”; pattern 2 “animal protein, copper, vitamin A, and vitamin B12”; pattern 3 “fatty acids and sodium”. Pattern 1 was associated with higher dietary quality (p < 0.001), lower maternal educational level (p = 0.03) and socioeconomic status (p < 0.001). Pattern 3 was significantly associated with lower dietary quality. The low dietary quality among pregnant women residing in urban South Africa should be addressed to ensure optimal maternal and offspring health outcomes.

Abstract P515: Comparison of Dietary Measures Association With Incident Type 2 Diabetes: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (regards) Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Tison ◽  
April P Carson ◽  
James M Shikany ◽  
Keith Pearson ◽  
George Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Regards Study ◽  
Diet Score

Background: Previous studies have investigated the association of dietary patterns with risk of diabetes, but have not compared a priori and a posteriori dietary scores in the same diverse population. The objective of this study was to evaluate a priori and a posteriori dietary patterns associations with incident diabetes in the REGARDS study. Methods: This study included 8,875 Black and White adults with available dietary data, without diabetes (defined as fasting glucose>=126 mg/dL, random glucose>=200 mg/dL, or use of diabetes medications) at baseline (2003-2007), and with follow-up (2013-2016) status of diabetes. Dietary patterns were examined by quintile and included a posteriori Plant-based and Southern, as well as a priori scores of Mediterranean Diet Score, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet Score, Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Dietary Inflammation Score (DIS). Modified Poisson regression was used to obtain risk ratios for incident diabetes with models adjusted for total energy intake, demographics, and lifestyle factors. Results: The mean (SD) age at baseline was 63.2 (8.5) years, 27.1% were Black, 56.2% were female, and 11.7% had incident diabetes at follow-up. Adherence to the Southern dietary pattern was positively associated with incident diabetes for all models (figure). After adjustment for demographic factors, the highest quintiles of DII and DIS were associated with incident diabetes and the highest quintiles of DASH scores were protective of development of incident diabetes. Conclusion: The Southern dietary pattern derived in REGARDS showed the strongest association with incident diabetes of all the dietary scores and of the a priori scores the DIS showed the strongest association with incident diabetes. The lack of association in adjusted models with the Mediterranean Diet and Plant-based pattern show these scores to be less pertinent. The DIS demonstrates food based dietary inflammation as one of the potential pathways for incident diabetes.

scholarly journals Dietary Pattern Score, Diet Quality, and Major Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Meta-analysis of Observational Cohort Studies (OR33-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Hsuan Liu ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Muzi Na ◽  
Penny Kris-Etherton ◽  
Diane Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract Objectives Diet is an important lifestyle factor that may prevent or slow the onset and progression of neurodegeneration. Recent studies suggest that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern is associated with reduced risk of cognitive decline. Few studies have examined the relationships between dietary patterns and risk of clinical neurodegenerative disease outcomes. In this meta-analysis, we examined the associations between overall dietary patterns, assessed a priori and a posteriori, and risk of major neurodegenerative disease including dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Methods We systematically searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health databases starting from 1981 to October 10, 2018. Observational cohort studies published in English with prospective and case-control designs were included. Diet assessment approaches (a priori or a posteriori) were utilized to assist in determining whether the exposure was dietary pattern score or diet quality. Generic inverse variance method was used to calculate the pooled risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) among the highest versus the lowest diet quality/dietary pattern score groups in random effect models. Results Seventeen studies with 173,283 participants were identified. Various diet quality indexes or dietary pattern scores, such as the Healthy Eating Index, the Mediterranean diet score, and dietary pattern scores generated by principal component analysis or reduced rank regression, were used among studies. Our meta-analysis of cohorts showed significant associations between adherence to high diet quality or healthy dietary pattern and lower risk of dementia (pooled risk ratio = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.56-0.86) and Parkinson's disease (pooled risk ratio = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.54-0.97) relative to those with low diet quality or unhealthy dietary pattern. Conclusions Adherence to high diet quality or healthy dietary pattern may provide protective effects on risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Additional observational studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to address our study limitations and provide further evidence about the role of a poor diet on the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases as well as the benefits of a healthy diet on the prevention of major neurodegenerative diseases. Funding Sources United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service agreement. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Associations between a posteriori defined dietary patterns and bone mineral density in adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Monjardino ◽  
Raquel Lucas ◽  
Elisabete Ramos ◽  
Carla Lopes ◽  
Rita Gaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Mineral Density

scholarly journals Associations between apriori-defined dietary patterns and longitudinal changes in bone mineral density in adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Monjardino ◽  
Raquel Lucas ◽  
Elisabete Ramos ◽  
Henrique Barros
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
School Year

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify short- and long-term associations between dietary patterns defined a priori and bone mineral density (BMD) during adolescence.DesignDietary patterns were defined at 13 years old using a Mediterranean diet (MD) quality index, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet index and the Oslo Health Study (OHS) dietary index. Linear regression coefficients were used to estimate associations between dietary patterns and forearm BMD at 13 and 17 years, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.SettingPublic and private schools of Porto, Portugal.SubjectsThe EPITeen cohort comprising 1180 adolescents born in 1990, recruited at schools during the 2003/2004 school year and re-evaluated in 2007/2008.ResultsIn girls, at 13 years, mean BMD (g/cm2) in the first and third tertiles was 0·369 and 0·368 for the MD pattern, 0·368 and 0·369 for the DASH diet, and 0·370 and 0·363 for the OHS index. In boys, mean BMD (g/cm2) in the first and third tertiles was 0·338 and 0·347 for the MD pattern, 0·342 and 0·346 for the DASH diet, and 0·344 and 0·342 for the OHS index. None of these differences were significant. Mean BMD at 17 years and prospective variation were also not significantly different between tertiles of adherence to each score. However, a trend of increased BMD at 13 years with greater adherence to the MD pattern was observed in boys (adjusted coefficient = 0·248; 95 % CI 0·052, 0·444).ConclusionsThe selected dietary patterns may not capture truly important dietary differences in determining BMD or diet may not be, beyond nutrient adequacy, a limiting determinant of BMD.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nutrient Intake on Bone Mineral Status in Young Adults: The Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Neville ◽  
P.J. Robson ◽  
L.J. Murray ◽  
J.J. Strain ◽  
J. Twisk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Mineral Status ◽  
Bone Mineral Status

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns, Bone Mineral Density, and Risk of Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez ◽  
Lucía Méndez-Sánchez ◽  
Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre ◽  
Katherine Tucker ◽  
Patricia Clark
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Risk Of Fracture ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

The aim of this systematic review was to assess the evidence on the relation between dietary patterns, bone mineral density (BMD), and risk of fracture in different age groups. Medline and Embase were searched for articles that identified dietary patterns and related these to BMD or risk of fracture through May 2018. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) comparing the lowest and highest categories of dietary pattern were combined by using a random effects meta-analysis. In total, 31 studies were selected for review, including 18 cohorts, 1 case-control, and 12 cross-sectional studies, in the meta-analysis of Prudent/healthy and Western/unhealthy dietary pattern, BMD, and risk of fracture. There was evidence of a lower risk of fracture when intakes in the highest categories were compared with the lowest categories of Prudent/healthy dietary pattern (OR = 0.81; 95%CI: 0.69, 0.95; p = 0.01). In contrast, when intakes in the highest categories were compared with the lowest categories of Western/unhealthy dietary pattern, a greater risk of fracture (OR = 1.10; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.19; p = 0.01) was observed among men. The present systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence of an inverse association between a Prudent/healthy dietary pattern and risk of low BMD and a positive relation between Western/unhealthy dietary pattern and risk of low BMD.

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