Abstract P515: Comparison of Dietary Measures Association With Incident Type 2 Diabetes: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (regards) Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Tison ◽  
April P Carson ◽  
James M Shikany ◽  
Keith Pearson ◽  
George Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Regards Study ◽  
Diet Score

Background: Previous studies have investigated the association of dietary patterns with risk of diabetes, but have not compared a priori and a posteriori dietary scores in the same diverse population. The objective of this study was to evaluate a priori and a posteriori dietary patterns associations with incident diabetes in the REGARDS study. Methods: This study included 8,875 Black and White adults with available dietary data, without diabetes (defined as fasting glucose>=126 mg/dL, random glucose>=200 mg/dL, or use of diabetes medications) at baseline (2003-2007), and with follow-up (2013-2016) status of diabetes. Dietary patterns were examined by quintile and included a posteriori Plant-based and Southern, as well as a priori scores of Mediterranean Diet Score, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet Score, Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Dietary Inflammation Score (DIS). Modified Poisson regression was used to obtain risk ratios for incident diabetes with models adjusted for total energy intake, demographics, and lifestyle factors. Results: The mean (SD) age at baseline was 63.2 (8.5) years, 27.1% were Black, 56.2% were female, and 11.7% had incident diabetes at follow-up. Adherence to the Southern dietary pattern was positively associated with incident diabetes for all models (figure). After adjustment for demographic factors, the highest quintiles of DII and DIS were associated with incident diabetes and the highest quintiles of DASH scores were protective of development of incident diabetes. Conclusion: The Southern dietary pattern derived in REGARDS showed the strongest association with incident diabetes of all the dietary scores and of the a priori scores the DIS showed the strongest association with incident diabetes. The lack of association in adjusted models with the Mediterranean Diet and Plant-based pattern show these scores to be less pertinent. The DIS demonstrates food based dietary inflammation as one of the potential pathways for incident diabetes.

Abstract P520: Associations of Dietary Patterns and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study Differ by History of Coronary Heart Disease

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Shikany ◽  
Monika M Safford ◽  
Orysya Soroka ◽  
PK Newby ◽  
Todd M Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diet Score

Introduction: Previous investigations of the association of a healthy dietary pattern, the Mediterranean (Med) diet, and risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) are limited and generally have not examined possible differences in those with and without a history of coronary heart disease (CHD). Studies of the associations of a posteriori -derived dietary patterns and risk of SCD are lacking. We conducted analyses of the associations of these dietary patterns with risk of SCD in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the Med diet score and adherence to the plant-based dietary pattern would be inversely associated with risk of SCD, adherence to the convenience and Southern dietary patterns would be positively associated with risk of SCD, and that these associations would differ by history of CHD. Methods: REGARDS enrolled 30,239 white and black adults aged ≥45 years from 2003-2007. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline, from which 5 dietary patterns were derived through factor analysis: convenience, plant-based, sweets, Southern, and alcohol and salads. Med diet scores were calculated and categorized into 3 groups. SCD events were expert adjudicated. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the associations of the dietary patterns and score with SCD events, adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, energy intake, anthropometrics, medical conditions, and medications, and stratifying by history of CHD. Results: After excluding participants with missing diet and covariate data and those lost to follow-up, 21,066 participants were included in the analysis. Mean (SD) age was 64.9 (9.3) years, 56.0% were women, 33.2% were black, and 385 (1.8%) experienced SCD during a mean (SD) follow-up of 9.2 (3.4) years. In those without a history of CHD, Med diet score was significantly and inversely associated with risk of SCD (hazard ratio [HR] for group 3 vs. group 1 [referent]: 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35-0.89; p trend = 0.02), but none of the a posteriori -derived dietary patterns were associated with risk of SCD. However, in those with a history of CHD, Med diet score was not associated with risk of SCD, but the convenience dietary pattern was significantly and positively associated with risk of SCD (HR for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1 [referent]: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.08-2.78; p trend = 0.04), and the sweets dietary pattern was significantly and inversely associated with risk of SCD (HR for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.33-0.94; p trend = 0.01). Conclusions: The associations of dietary patterns with risk of SCD in REGARDS participants differed by history of CHD.

Abstract 13: Adherence to Various Dietary Patterns and Risk of Recurrent Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Shikany ◽  
Monika M Safford ◽  
Joanna Bryan ◽  
PK Newby ◽  
Joshua S Richman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diet Score

Background: We have shown that the Southern dietary pattern, characterized by added fats, fried foods, organ and processed meats, and sugar-sweetened beverages, is associated with a greater risk of incident CHD in REGARDS, a national, population-based, longitudinal cohort. We sought to determine if the Southern pattern, other dietary patterns, and the Mediterranean diet score were associated with CHD events and mortality in REGARDS participants who previously reported CHD. Methods: REGARDS enrolled white and black adults aged ≥45 years between 2003-2007. Data were analyzed from 3,562 participants with CHD at baseline. Participants completed an FFQ at baseline, from which 5 dietary patterns were derived through factor analysis (Table). The Mediterranean diet score was calculated for each participant. Expert-adjudicated CHD events included myocardial infarction and CHD death. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the association of the dietary patterns and score with CHD events and death, adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, energy intake, anthropometrics, and medical conditions. Results: Over 7 years of follow-up, there were 581 recurrent CHD events and 1,098 deaths. In fully-adjusted analyses, the highest quartile of adherence to the alcohol/salads pattern and highest group of the Mediterranean diet score were associated with lower risk of recurrent CHD compared to the lowest quartile/group (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59 – 0.98, HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62 – 0.98, respectively). The highest quartile of adherence to the Southern pattern was associated with higher mortality (HR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.28 – 1.91), while the highest group of the Mediterranean diet score was associated with lower mortality (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.68 – 0.95). Conclusions: While the Southern dietary pattern was not related to risk of recurrent CHD, it was associated with higher mortality in REGARDS participants with existing CHD. Greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with lower risk of recurrent CHD and mortality.

scholarly journals The Mediterranean Diet Protects the Renal Function in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 562-562
Author(s):  
Helena Sandoval-Insausti ◽  
Ana Bayan-Bravo ◽  
Carolina Donat-Vargas ◽  
Jimena Rey-Garcia ◽  
Jose Ramon Banegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Objectives It is not clear if the adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with changes in kidney function. The aim of this study is to assess the prospective association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and renal function decline. Methods Prospective cohort study of 975 community-dwelling individuals aged 60 and older who were recruited during 2008–10 in Spain, and followed up to December, 2015. At baseline, food consumption was obtained with a validated, computerized face-to-face diet history. The “a priori” adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS score: low adherence 0–5 points, moderate adherence 6–8 points, high adherence 9–14 points). To identify “a posteriori” dietary patterns, 880 foods were categorized into 36 different groups according to similarities in their nutritional profile. Factor analysis (principal components analysis) was applied to generate independent dietary patterns. At baseline and at the end of follow-up, serum creatinine (SC) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) levels were ascertained and changes were calculated. Two end-points were considered: SC increase and GFR decrease beyond that expected for age. Logistic regression models were built and adjusted for prevalent and incident cardiovascular risk factors. Results At the end of follow-up 150 cases of SC increase and 146 cases of GFR decrease occurred. The fully adjusted ORs (95% CI) of SC increase were 0.75 (0.49–1.15) for participants with a moderate adherence to the MEDAS score, and 0.58 (0.36–0.95) for those with a high adherence, when comparing to participants with a low adherence; (p-trend: 0.026). Results for GFR decrease had the same direction (p-trend: 0.049). The fully adjusted ORs (95% CI) of SC increase according to increasing quartiles of adherence to an “a posteriori” Mediterranean-like dietary pattern were 1.00, 0.62 (0.37–1.03), 0.57 (0.33–0.99), and 0.46 (0.24–0.86); (p-trend: 0.017). Results for GFR decrease were similar (p-trend: 0.007). Conclusions A higher adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk of kidney function decline. Funding Sources State Secretary of R + D and FEDER/FSE, the ATHLOS project (EU H2020), and the CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns and Smoking in Northern Irish Men: a Population at High Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. O’Doherty ◽  
Paula M.L. Skidmore ◽  
Ian S. Young ◽  
Michelle C. McKinley ◽  
Chris Cardwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
A Priori ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Northern Irish ◽  
Diet Score ◽  
Heavy Smokers

This study evaluated dietary habits of Northern Irish men who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease, stratified as never-, ex-, moderate-, or heavy-smokers. Participants were male volunteers (30 - 49 years) from a single workforce in Belfast (n = 765). Dietary information was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. For ‘a priori’ diet scores, never- and ex-smokers had a significantly higher fruit and vegetable score, Mediterranean diet score, and alternative Mediterranean diet score than moderate or heavy-smokers (all p < 0.05). For ‘a posteriori’ patterns, scores for the healthy, sweet tooth, and traditional dietary patterns, derived from principal component analysis, differed significantly by smoking status, being lower among smokers for the healthy and sweet tooth patterns, and higher in ex-smokers for the traditional pattern (all p < 0.05). When the ‘a posteriori’ patterns were included in models predicting likelihood of being in a particular smoking category with the ‘a priori’ patterns, the results for the fruit and vegetable score lost significance (p = 0.13). Both ‘a priori’ and ‘a posteriori’ dietary patterns identified smokers, particularly heavy smokers, as exhibiting fewer healthy dietary habits than never- or ex-smokers, but ‘a posteriori’ dietary patterns appeared to be more strongly associated with smoking status.

scholarly journals A Priori and a Posteriori Dietary Patterns among Pregnant Women in Johannesburg, South Africa: The NuPED Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Cornelia Conradie ◽  
Jeannine Baumgartner ◽  
Linda Malan ◽  
Elizabeth A. Symington ◽  
Marike Cockeran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Urban South ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Nutrient Patterns

Dietary pattern analyses allow assessment of the diet as a whole. Limited studies include both a priori and a posteriori dietary pattern analyses. This study aimed to explore the diet of pregnant women in urban South Africa through both a priori and a posteriori dietary pattern analyses and associated maternal and household factors. Dietary data were collected during early pregnancy using a quantified food frequency questionnaire from 250 pregnant women enrolled in the Nutrition During Pregnancy and Early Development (NuPED) cohort. A priori dietary patterns were determined using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), and a posteriori nutrient patterns using exploratory factor analysis. Based on the DQI-I, the study population followed a borderline low-quality diet. Three a posteriori nutrient patterns were identified: Pattern 1 “plant protein, iron, thiamine, and folic acid”; pattern 2 “animal protein, copper, vitamin A, and vitamin B12”; pattern 3 “fatty acids and sodium”. Pattern 1 was associated with higher dietary quality (p < 0.001), lower maternal educational level (p = 0.03) and socioeconomic status (p < 0.001). Pattern 3 was significantly associated with lower dietary quality. The low dietary quality among pregnant women residing in urban South Africa should be addressed to ensure optimal maternal and offspring health outcomes.

scholarly journals Healthy dietary patterns from food diaries and FFQ are not associated with colorectal cancer risk: results from the UKWCS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Jones ◽  
Janet Cade ◽  
Charlotte Evans ◽  
Neil Hancock ◽  
Darren Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
Bland Altman Method ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diet Score

AbstractDietary pattern analyses have most commonly used food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data for large population studies, whilst food diaries (FD) tend to be used with smaller datasets and followed up for shorter terms, restricting the possibility of a direct comparison. Studies comparing dietary patterns derived from two different assessment methods, in relation to diet and disease are limited. The aims of this study are to assess the agreement between dietary patterns derived from FFQ and FDs and to compare the associations between the Mediterranean dietary pattern and the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) dietary pattern in relation to colorectal cancer incidence.The study population included 2276 healthy middle-aged women – participants of the UK Women's Cohort Study. Energy and nutrient intakes, derived from 4-day FDs and from a 217-item FFQ were compared. A 10 and an 8-component score indicating adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to the 2007 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations respectively were generated. Agreement was assessed by weighted Kappa statistics and the Bland-Altman method. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for colorectal cancer risk for both the FD and the FFQ patterns, for each score separately.The Bland-Altman method showed that the FFQ gave a higher energy intake compared to the FD with a bias of -525 kcal (95% CI -556, -493) between the two methods. Agreement was slight for the Mediterranean diet score (Κ = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.16) and fair for the WCRF/AICR score (Κ = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.39). A total of 173 incident cases of colorectal cancer were documented. In the multi-variable adjusted models, the estimates for an association with colorectal cancer were weak: HR = 0.94 (95% CI: 0.83 to 1.06) for a 1-unit increment in the Mediterranean diet score using FD and HR = 1.01 (95% CI: 0.83 to 1.24) for a 1-unit increment in the WCRF/AICR score using FD. For scores derived from the FFQ, estimates were inverse, but weak (HR = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.90 to 1.00) for a 1-unit increment in the Mediterranean diet score using FFQ and HR = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.67 to 1.05) for a 1-unit increment in the WCRF/AICR score using FFQ.There is insufficient evidence of an association of colorectal cancer risk with the Mediterranean dietary pattern or with the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations, irrespective of the dietary assessment method in this sample. Further studies with larger sample sizes, using FD for diet assessment are warranted.

scholarly journals Dietary Pattern Score, Diet Quality, and Major Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Meta-analysis of Observational Cohort Studies (OR33-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Hsuan Liu ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Muzi Na ◽  
Penny Kris-Etherton ◽  
Diane Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract Objectives Diet is an important lifestyle factor that may prevent or slow the onset and progression of neurodegeneration. Recent studies suggest that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern is associated with reduced risk of cognitive decline. Few studies have examined the relationships between dietary patterns and risk of clinical neurodegenerative disease outcomes. In this meta-analysis, we examined the associations between overall dietary patterns, assessed a priori and a posteriori, and risk of major neurodegenerative disease including dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Methods We systematically searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health databases starting from 1981 to October 10, 2018. Observational cohort studies published in English with prospective and case-control designs were included. Diet assessment approaches (a priori or a posteriori) were utilized to assist in determining whether the exposure was dietary pattern score or diet quality. Generic inverse variance method was used to calculate the pooled risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) among the highest versus the lowest diet quality/dietary pattern score groups in random effect models. Results Seventeen studies with 173,283 participants were identified. Various diet quality indexes or dietary pattern scores, such as the Healthy Eating Index, the Mediterranean diet score, and dietary pattern scores generated by principal component analysis or reduced rank regression, were used among studies. Our meta-analysis of cohorts showed significant associations between adherence to high diet quality or healthy dietary pattern and lower risk of dementia (pooled risk ratio = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.56-0.86) and Parkinson's disease (pooled risk ratio = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.54-0.97) relative to those with low diet quality or unhealthy dietary pattern. Conclusions Adherence to high diet quality or healthy dietary pattern may provide protective effects on risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Additional observational studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to address our study limitations and provide further evidence about the role of a poor diet on the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases as well as the benefits of a healthy diet on the prevention of major neurodegenerative diseases. Funding Sources United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service agreement. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Current evidence on the association of the metabolic syndrome and dietary patterns in a global perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Hosseini ◽  
Susan J. Whiting ◽  
Hassan Vatanparast
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Mediterranean

AbstractThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a key indicator of two main causes of death worldwide: CVD and diabetes. The present paper aimed to perform a review of the population-based research on the association of dietary patterns and the MetS in terms of methodology and findings. For the purpose of the present study, a scoping literature review was conducted using MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and hand searching in Google Scholar. Thirty-nine population-based studies were selected. Most of these studies used the factor analysis method and the a priori dietary approach, which had been initially extracted via a posteriori methods such as using the Mediterranean dietary pattern. The main finding was that following the Mediterranean or similar ‘healthy’ pattern reduced risk of the MetS, while following a ‘Western’ pattern increased risk of the MetS. The methodological approach in determining the dietary pattern of a population, whether a priori or a posteriori, should be chosen based on the purpose of the research. Overall, evidence suggests a diet based on the components of the Mediterranean diet and the avoidance of the ‘Western’ diet can aid in preventing the MetS.

scholarly journals Adherence to a plant-based, high-fibre dietary pattern is related to regression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in an elderly population

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1069-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise J. M. Alferink ◽  
Nicole S. Erler ◽  
Robert J. de Knegt ◽  
Harry L. A. Janssen ◽  
Herold J. Metselaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
A Priori ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractDietary lifestyle intervention is key in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to examine the longitudinal relation between well-established dietary patterns as well as population-specific dietary patterns and NAFLD. Participants from two subsequent visits of the Rotterdam Study were included. All underwent serial abdominal ultrasonography (median follow-up: 4.4 years) and filled in a food frequency questionnaire. Secondary causes of steatosis were excluded. Dietary data from 389 items were collapsed into 28 food groups and a posteriori dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Additionally, we scored three a priori dietary patterns (Mediterranean Diet Score, Dutch Dietary Guidelines and WHO-score). Logistic mixed regression models were used to examine the relation between dietary patterns and NAFLD. Analyses were adjusted for demographic, lifestyle and metabolic factors. We included 963 participants of whom 343 had NAFLD. Follow-up data was available in 737 participants. Incident NAFLD was 5% and regressed NAFLD was 30%. We identified five a posteriori dietary patterns (cumulative explained variation [R2] = 20%). The patterns were characterised as: vegetable and fish, red meat and alcohol, traditional, salty snacks and sauces, high fat dairy & refined grains pattern. Adherence to the traditional pattern (i.e. high intake of vegetable oils/stanols, margarines/butters, potatoes, whole grains and sweets/desserts) was associated with regression of NAFLD per SD increase in Z-score (0.40, 95% CI 0.15–1.00). Adherence to the three a priori patterns all showed regression of NAFLD, but only the WHO-score showed a distinct association (0.73, 95% CI 0.53–1.00). Hence, in this large elderly population, adherence to a plant-based, high-fibre and low-fat diet was related to regression of NAFLD.

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