scholarly journals Human milk oligosaccharides are differentially metabolised in neonatal rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Jantscher-Krenn ◽  
Carolin Marx ◽  
Lars Bode
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
Mother’S Milk ◽  
Breast Fed

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are complex glycans that are highly abundant in human milk, but not in infant formula. Accumulating data, mostly from in vitro and animal studies, indicate that HMO benefit the breast-fed infant in multiple ways and in different target organs. In vitro incubation studies suggest that HMO can resist the low pH in the infant's stomach and enzymatic degradation in the small intestine and reach the colon in the same composition as in the mother's milk. The oligosaccharide composition in faeces of breast-fed infants is, however, very different from that in the mother's milk, raising questions on when, where and how HMO are metabolised between ingestion and excretion. To answer some of these questions, we established a pulse-chase model in neonatal rats and analysed HMO profiles to track their composition over time in five consecutive equal-length intestinal segments as well as in serum and urine. The relative abundance of individual HMO changed significantly within the first 2 h after feeding and already in the segments of the small intestine prior to reaching the colon. Only 3′-sialyllactose, the major oligosaccharide in rat milk, and hardly any other HMO appeared in the serum and the urine of HMO-fed rats, indicating a selective absorption of rat milk-specific oligosaccharides. The present results challenge the paradigm that HMO reach the colon and other target organs in the same composition as originally secreted with the mother's milk. The present results also raise questions on whether rats and other animals represent suitable models to study the effects of HMO.

scholarly journals Human Milk Oligosaccharides In Banked Donor Milk Compared To Mother's Milk In The NICU

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Marx ◽  
Renee Bridge ◽  
Alison Wolf ◽  
Wade Rich ◽  
Jae H Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Donor Milk ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
Mother’S Milk

scholarly journals Human milk oligosaccharides prevent Necrotizing Enterocolitis in neonatal rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Bode ◽  
Kerstin Goth ◽  
Yigit Guner ◽  
Caroline Nissan ◽  
Monica Zherebtsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides

scholarly journals Akkermansia muciniphila uses human milk oligosaccharides to thrive in the early life conditions in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Kostopoulos ◽  
Janneke Elzinga ◽  
Noora Ottman ◽  
Jay T. Klievink ◽  
Bernadet Blijenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Early Life Conditions

scholarly journals Fucosylated Human Milk Oligosaccharides and N-Glycans in the Milk of Chinese Mothers Regulate the Gut Microbiome of Their Breast-Fed Infants during Different Lactation Stages

mSystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqiang Bai ◽  
Jia Tao ◽  
Jiaorui Zhou ◽  
Qingjie Fan ◽  
Man Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Chinese Mothers ◽  
Breast Fed

ABSTRACT The milk glycobiome has a significant impact on the gut microbiota of infants, which plays a pivotal role in health and development. Fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and N-glycans on milk proteins are beneficial for the development of healthy gut microbiota, and the fucosylation levels of these glycans can be affected by the maternal fucosyltransferase 2 gene (FUT2). Here, we present results of longitudinal research on paired milk and stool samples from 56 Chinese mothers (CMs) and their breast-fed children. Changes of HMOs and fucosylated N-glycans in milk of CMs at different lactation stages were detected, which allowed characterization of the major differences in milk glycans and consequential effects on the gut microbiome of infants according to maternal FUT2 status. Significant differences in the abundance of total and fucosylated HMOs between secretor and nonsecretor CMs were noted, especially during early lactation. Despite a tendency toward decreasing milk protein concentrations, the fucosylation levels of milk N-glycans increased during late lactation. The changes in the levels of fucosylated HMOs and milk N-glycans were highly correlated with the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in the gut of infants during early and later lactation, respectively. Enriched expression of genes encoding glycoside hydrolases, glycosyl transferases, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and permeases in infants fed by secretor CMs contributed to the promotion of these bacteria in infants. Our data highlight the important role of fucosylated milk glycans in shaping the gut microbiome of infants and provide a solid foundation for development of “personalized” nutrition for Chinese infants. IMPORTANCE Human milk glycans provide a broad range of carbon sources for gut microbes in infants. Levels of protein glycosylation in human milk vary during lactation and may also be affected by the stages of gestation and lactation and by the secretor status of the mother. This was the first study to evaluate systematically dynamic changes in human milk oligosaccharides and fucosylated N-glycans in the milk of Chinese mothers with different secretor statuses during 6 months of lactation. Given the unique single nucleotide polymorphism site (rs1047781, A385T) on the fucosyltransferase 2 gene among Chinese populations, our report provides a specific insight into the milk glycobiome of Chinese mothers, which may exert effects on the gut microbiota of infants that differ from findings from other study cohorts.

scholarly journals Human milk oligosaccharides reduceEntamoeba histolyticaattachment and cytotoxicityin vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 1839-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Jantscher-Krenn ◽  
Tineke Lauwaet ◽  
Laura A. Bliss ◽  
Sharon L. Reed ◽  
Frances D. Gillin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ht 29

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), complex sugars that are highly abundant in breast milk, block viral and bacterial attachment to the infant's intestinal epithelium and lower the risk of infections. We hypothesised that HMO also prevent infections with the protozoan parasiteEntamoeba histolytica,as its major virulence factor is a lectin that facilitates parasite attachment and cytotoxicity and binds galactose (Gal) andN-acetyl-galactosamine. HMO contain Gal, are only minimally digested in the small intestine and reach the colon, the site ofE. histolyticainfection. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether HMO reduceE. histolyticaattachment and cytotoxicity. Ourin vitroresults show that physiological concentrations of isolated, pooled HMO detachE. histolyticaby more than 80 %. In addition, HMO rescueE. histolytica-induced destruction of human intestinal epithelial HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The cytoprotective effects were structure-specific. Lacto-N-tetraose with its terminal Gal rescued up to 80 % of the HT-29 cells, while HMO with fucose α1–2-linked to the terminal Gal had no effect. Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which also contain terminal Gal and are currently added to infant formula to mimic some of the beneficial effects of HMO, completely abolishedE. histolyticaattachment and cytotoxicity at 8 mg/ml. Although our results need to be confirmedin vivo, they may provide one explanation for why breast-fed infants are at lower risk ofE. histolyticainfections. HMO and GOS are heat tolerant, stable, safe and in the case of GOS, inexpensive, which could make them valuable candidates as alternative preventive and therapeutic anti-amoebic agents.

scholarly journals Screening natural libraries of human milk oligosaccharides against lectins using CaR-ESI-MS

The Analyst ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 536-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr El-Hawiet ◽  
Yajie Chen ◽  
Km Shams-Ud-Doha ◽  
Elena N. Kitova ◽  
Pavel I. Kitov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Protein Receptors ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
Covalent Interactions ◽  
Breast Fed

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) afford many health benefits to breast-fed infants, such as protection against infection and regulation of the immune system, through the formation of non-covalent interactions with protein receptors.

scholarly journals Variation in Consumption of Human Milk Oligosaccharides by Infant Gut-Associated Strains of Bifidobacterium breve

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (19) ◽  
pp. 6040-6049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Ruiz-Moyano ◽  
Sarah M. Totten ◽  
Daniel A. Garrido ◽  
Jennifer T. Smilowitz ◽  
J. Bruce German ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bifidobacterium Breve ◽  
Infant Feces ◽  
Breast Fed

ABSTRACTHuman milk contains a high concentration of complex oligosaccharides that influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota in breast-fed infants. Previous studies have indicated that select species such asBifidobacterium longumsubsp.infantisandBifidobacterium bifidumcan utilize human milk oligosaccharides (HMO)in vitroas the sole carbon source, while the relatively fewB. longumsubsp.longumandBifidobacterium breveisolates tested appear less adapted to these substrates. Considering the high frequency at whichB. breveis isolated from breast-fed infant feces, we postulated that someB. brevestrains can more vigorously consume HMO and thus are enriched in the breast-fed infant gastrointestinal tract. To examine this, a number ofB. breveisolates from breast-fed infant feces were characterized for the presence of different glycosyl hydrolases that participate in HMO utilization, as well as by their ability to grow on HMO or specific HMO species such as lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and fucosyllactose. AllB. brevestrains showed high levels of growth on LNT and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), and, in general, growth on total HMO was moderate for most of the strains, with several strain differences. Growth and consumption of fucosylated HMO were strain dependent, mostly in isolates possessing a glycosyl hydrolase family 29 α-fucosidase. Glycoprofiling of the spent supernatant after HMO fermentation by select strains revealed that allB. brevestrains can utilize sialylated HMO to a certain extent, especially sialyl-lacto-N-tetraose. Interestingly, this specific oligosaccharide was depleted before neutral LNT by strain SC95. In aggregate, this work indicates that the HMO consumption phenotype inB. breveis variable; however, some strains display specific adaptations to these substrates, enabling more vigorous consumption of fucosylated and sialylated HMO. These results provide a rationale for the predominance of this species in breast-fed infant feces and contribute to a more accurate picture of the ecology of the developing infant intestinal microbiota.

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