Associations of dietary patterns with the risk of all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Li ◽  
Li-na Hou ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Peng-liang Chen ◽  
Chen-yong Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Considerable controversy exists regarding the associations of dietary patterns with the risk of all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to elucidate the potential associations between dietary patterns and the risk of all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality. The PubMed database was searched for prospective cohort studies on the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality published until February 2014. Random-effects models were used to calculate the summary relative risk estimates (SRRE) based on the highest v. the lowest category of dietary pattern scores. Stratified analyses were conducted based on sex, geographical region, follow-up duration, and adjustment/non-adjustment for energy intake. A total of thirteen prospective cohort studies involving 338 787 participants were included in the meta-analysis. There was evidence of inverse associations between the prudent/healthy dietary pattern and the risk of all-cause (SRRE = 0·76, 95 % CI 0·68, 0·86) and CVD (SRRE = 0·81, 95 % CI 0·75, 0·87) mortality and an absence of association between this dietary pattern and stroke mortality (SRRE = 0·89, 95 % CI 0·77, 1·02). However, no significant associations were observed between the Western/unhealthy dietary pattern and the risk of all-cause (SRRE = 1·07, 95 % CI 0·96, 1·20), CVD (SRRE = 0·99, 95 % CI 0·91, 1·08) and stroke (SRRE = 0·94, 95 % CI 0·81, 1·10) mortality. In conclusion, the findings provide evidence that greater adherence to a prudent/healthy dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality and not significantly associated with stroke mortality and that the Western/unhealthy dietary pattern is not associated with all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals The Role of Diet in Prognosis among Cancer Survivors: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Dietary Patterns and Diet Interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlota Castro-Espin ◽  
Antonio Agudo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies

Cancer survival continues to improve in high-income countries, partly explained by advances in screening and treatment. Previous studies have mainly examined the relationship between individual dietary components and cancer prognosis in tumours with good therapeutic response (breast, colon and prostate cancers). The aim of this review was to assess qualitatively (and quantitatively where appropriate) the associations of dietary patterns and cancer prognosis from published prospective cohort studies, as well as the effect of diet interventions by means of randomized controlled trials (RCT). A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, and a total of 35 prospective cohort studies and 14 RCT published between 2011 and 2021 were selected. Better overall diet quality was associated with improved survival among breast and colorectal cancer survivors; adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated to lower risk of mortality in colorectal and prostate cancer survivors. A meta-analysis using a random-effects model showed that higher versus lower diet quality was associated with a 23% reduction in overall mortality in breast cancer survivors. There was evidence that dietary interventions, generally combined with physical activity, improved overall quality of life, though most studies were in breast cancer survivors. Further cohort and intervention studies in other cancers are needed to make more specific recommendations.

scholarly journals Associations between Dietary Pulses Alone or with Other Legumes and Cardiometabolic Disease Outcomes: An Umbrella Review and Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. S308-S319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effie Viguiliouk ◽  
Andrea J Glenn ◽  
Stephanie K Nishi ◽  
Laura Chiavaroli ◽  
Maxine Seider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Disease Outcomes

ABSTRACT To update the European Association for the Study of Diabetes clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy, we conducted an umbrella review and updated systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) of prospective cohort studies of the association between dietary pulses with or without other legumes and cardiometabolic disease outcomes. We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through March 2019. We included the most recent SRMAs of prospective cohort studies and new prospective cohort studies published after the census dates of the included SRMAs assessing the relation between dietary pulses with or without other legumes and incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [including coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke], diabetes, hypertension, and/or obesity. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Risk estimates were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and expressed as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs. The overall certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Six SRMAs were identified and updated to include 28 unique prospective cohort studies with the following number of cases for each outcome: CVD incidence, 10,261; CVD mortality, 16,168; CHD incidence, 7786; CHD mortality, 3331; MI incidence, 2585; stroke incidence, 8570; stroke mortality, 2384; diabetes incidence, 10,457; hypertension incidence, 83,284; obesity incidence, 8125. Comparing the highest with the lowest level of intake, dietary pulses with or without other legumes were associated with significant decreases in CVD (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.99), CHD (RR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.99), hypertension (RR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.97), and obesity (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.94) incidence. There was no association with MI, stroke, and diabetes incidence or CVD, CHD, and stroke mortality. The overall certainty of the evidence was graded as “low” for CVD incidence and “very low” for all other outcomes. Current evidence shows that dietary pulses with or without other legumes are associated with reduced CVD incidence with low certainty and reduced CHD, hypertension, and obesity incidence with very low certainty. More research is needed to improve our estimates. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03555734.

scholarly journals Dietary Pattern Score, Diet Quality, and Major Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Meta-analysis of Observational Cohort Studies (OR33-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Hsuan Liu ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Muzi Na ◽  
Penny Kris-Etherton ◽  
Diane Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract Objectives Diet is an important lifestyle factor that may prevent or slow the onset and progression of neurodegeneration. Recent studies suggest that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern is associated with reduced risk of cognitive decline. Few studies have examined the relationships between dietary patterns and risk of clinical neurodegenerative disease outcomes. In this meta-analysis, we examined the associations between overall dietary patterns, assessed a priori and a posteriori, and risk of major neurodegenerative disease including dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Methods We systematically searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health databases starting from 1981 to October 10, 2018. Observational cohort studies published in English with prospective and case-control designs were included. Diet assessment approaches (a priori or a posteriori) were utilized to assist in determining whether the exposure was dietary pattern score or diet quality. Generic inverse variance method was used to calculate the pooled risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) among the highest versus the lowest diet quality/dietary pattern score groups in random effect models. Results Seventeen studies with 173,283 participants were identified. Various diet quality indexes or dietary pattern scores, such as the Healthy Eating Index, the Mediterranean diet score, and dietary pattern scores generated by principal component analysis or reduced rank regression, were used among studies. Our meta-analysis of cohorts showed significant associations between adherence to high diet quality or healthy dietary pattern and lower risk of dementia (pooled risk ratio = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.56-0.86) and Parkinson's disease (pooled risk ratio = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.54-0.97) relative to those with low diet quality or unhealthy dietary pattern. Conclusions Adherence to high diet quality or healthy dietary pattern may provide protective effects on risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Additional observational studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to address our study limitations and provide further evidence about the role of a poor diet on the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases as well as the benefits of a healthy diet on the prevention of major neurodegenerative diseases. Funding Sources United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service agreement. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Healthy Dietary Patterns and Incidence of CKD

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1441-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina E. Bach ◽  
Jaimon T. Kelly ◽  
Suetonia C. Palmer ◽  
Saman Khalesi ◽  
Giovanni F. M. Strippoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Incidence Of Ckd ◽  
Egfr Decline ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Background and objectivesWhether a healthy dietary pattern may prevent the incidence of developing CKD is unknown. This study evaluated the associations between dietary patterns and the incidence of CKD in adults and children.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsThis systematic review and meta-analysis identified potential studies through a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase and references from eligible studies from database inception to February 2019. Eligible studies were prospective and retrospective cohort studies including adults and children without CKD, where the primary exposure was dietary patterns. To be eligible, studies had to report on the primary outcome, incidence of CKD (eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Two authors independently extracted data, assessed risk of bias and evidence certainty using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale and GRADE.ResultsEighteen prospective cohort studies involving 630,108 adults (no children) with a mean follow-up of 10.4±7.4 years were eligible for analysis. Included studies had an overall low risk of bias. The evidence certainty was moderate for CKD incidence and low for eGFR decline (percentage drop from baseline or reduced by at least 3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year) and incident albuminuria. Healthy dietary patterns typically encouraged higher intakes of vegetables, fruit, legumes, nuts, whole grains, fish and low-fat dairy, and lower intakes of red and processed meats, sodium, and sugar-sweetened beverages. A healthy dietary pattern was associated with a lower incidence of CKD (odds ratio [OR] 0.70 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.60 to 0.82); I2=51%; eight studies), and incidence of albuminuria (OR 0.77, [95% CI, 0.59 to 0.99]; I2=37%); four studies). There appeared to be no significant association between healthy dietary patterns and eGFR decline (OR 0.70 [95% CI, 0.49 to 1.01], I2=49%; four studies).ConclusionsA healthy dietary pattern may prevent CKD and albuminuria.

scholarly journals Dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load in relation to the risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1649-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Yi Dong ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
Yong-Hong Zhang ◽  
Li-Qiang Qin
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Glycaemic Load ◽  
Pubmed Database

Epidemiological studies of dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) in relation to diabetes risk have yielded inconsistent results. We aimed to examine the associations between dietary GI and GL and the risk of type 2 diabetes by conducting a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Relevant studies were identified by a PubMed database search up to February 2011. Reference lists from retrieved articles were also reviewed. We included prospective cohort studies that reported risk estimates with 95 % CI for the associations between dietary GI and GL and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Either a fixed- or random-effects model was used to compute the summary relative risk (RR). We identified thirteen prospective cohort studies of dietary GI or GL related to diabetes risk. The summary RR of type 2 diabetes for the highest category of the GI compared with the lowest was 1·16 (95 % CI 1·06, 1·26;n12), with moderate evidence of heterogeneity (P = 0·02,I2 = 50·8 %). For the GL, the summary RR was 1·20 (95 % CI 1·11, 1·30;n12), with little evidence of heterogeneity (P = 0·10,I2 = 34·8 %). No evidence of publication bias was observed. In addition, the associations persisted and remained statistically significant in the sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, the present meta-analysis provides further evidence in support of significantly positive associations between dietary GI and GL and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Reducing the intake of high-GI foods may bring benefits in diabetes prevention.

scholarly journals Association between diet quality during preconception or pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamei Yu ◽  
Isabelle Hardy ◽  
Wenguang Sun ◽  
Fergusson Dean ◽  
Yulai Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes

Background: Although women are encouraged to achieve good diet quality in preconception and pregnancy, the benefits on perinatal outcomes have not been established. Objective: To systematically review and quantify the association between diet quality and adverse perinatal outcomes. Search strategy: Medline, Embase, Food Science and Technology Abstracts and CINAHL were searched up to 5th March 2020. Selection criteria: Two authors independently screened, selected and coded relevant prospective cohort studies. Data collection and analysis: Thirty-three studies (315,431 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Odds ratios and mean differences from individual studies were pooled using random-effects models. Main Results: The pooled results for the association between diet quality and excessive (OR: 0.91; 95 CI: 0.76, 1.10) or inadequate (OR: 0.90; 95 CI: 0.70, 1.17) gestational weight gain were not statistically significant. Women in the top tertile of diet quality scores during prepregnancy or pregnancy had a lower risk of gestational diabetes (OR: 0.77; 95 CI: 0.65, 0.90), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (OR: 0.87; 95 CI: 0.83, 0.92), preterm birth (OR: 0.77; 95 CI: 0.66, 0.89), small for gestational age (OR: 0.88; 95 CI: 0.79, 0.99) and low birth weight (OR: 0.60; 95 CI: 0.37, 0.99) compared to those in the bottom tertile. No studies were found for delivery mode. Conclusions: Data from prospective cohort studies support the potential of improving maternal diet quality in the effort to prevent adverse perinatal outcomes. Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health Research HLT 151517, National Natural Sciences Foundation of China No. 81661128010 Keywords: Diet quality, perinatal outcomes.

P2637Hypertension as a risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in women compared with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Wang ◽  
J Nie ◽  
H Yu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Specific Mortality

Abstract Background What is more, some recent meta-analysis have demonstrated the sex difference between smoking, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation, and the risk of CVD mortality. Whether and to what extent the excess risk of cause-specific mortality from CVD death conferred by hypertension differs among women and men remain unclear. Objective A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed to explore whether and to what extent the excess risk of cause-specific mortality from CVD death conferred by hypertension differs among women and men. Methods PubMed and EMBASE was systematically searched for prospective cohort studies published from inception to 7 October 2017. Eligible studies reported sex-specific relative risk (RR) estimates for mortality of all-cause, CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke associated with hypertension. The data were pooled using random effects models with inverse variance weighting, and estimates of the women-to-men ratio of RRs (RRR) for each outcomes were derived. Results Twenty-four studies with 2,939,659 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The RR for CHD mortality associated with hypertension compared with no hypertension was 2.24 (95% CI 2.03–2.46) in women and 1. 72 (1.61–1.84) in men. The multiple-adjusted RRR for CHD mortality was 22% greater in women with hypertension than in men with hypertension (RRR 1.22, 95% CI 1.03–1.44) with no significant heterogencity between studies (I2=45%, P=0.11, Figure 1). No evidence was observed sex difference in the relationship between hypertension and the mortality from all-cause, CVD and stroke. Furthermore, the subgroup analyses showed that the pooled RRR for all-cause mortality, CVD and stroke mortality were not significantly associated with cohort region, the duration of follow-up, mean age of participants and the publication year of studies. Conclusions Hypertension is a major risk factor for all-cause, CVD, CHD and stroke among women and men. Moreover, women with hypertension have more than a 22% higher risk of CHD mortality compared with men with hypertension. Further studies need to identify the biological and/or lifestyle mechanisms involved in sex differences driving these associations.

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