Biology ofhylurdrectonus araucariaeSchedl (Coleoptera, Scolytidae), a pest of hoop pine plantations in New Guinea

AbstractA branchlet-mining scolytid beetle, Hylurdrectonus araucariae Schedl, has invaded the hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii) plantations at Bulolo and Wau in Papua New Guinea. A study of the infestation pattern in a plot of 184 young (5–6 year-old) trees at Bulolo from February 1968–August 1972 revealed four major phases: (i), a relatively prolonged but small build-up of the population on most trees over a period of 12–18 months following the first attack; (ii), a dramatic upsurge in the infestation over the following 12–18 months, reaching a peak infestation with the severe attack of nearly all trees in the plot; (iii), a sharp decline in the number of attacks and population over the next 12–18 months due to a lack of nest sites and food and (iv), a slow decline over a protracted period. The variation (313 to 6220) in the maximum number of infested branchlets on the trees in the plot at peak attack was great, due to the differing amounts of foliage and size of the trees, but it usually represented an estimated 85–95% of the foliage.A comparative study of seedling resistance of the two major plantation species, hoop pine and klinkii pine (Araucaria hunsteinii) was carried out at Bulolo in 1967 using seedlings from the local nursery and placing them in cages with large quantities of infested foliage. Over a two-month period, no colonies of H. araucariae were established in the klinkii pine seedlings and only three of 32 attacks recorded in the hoop pine seedlings had produced brood. Infestation of seedlings was extremely rare in the plantations and natural stands. On the other hand, most trees aged 2·5 to 12 years in the plantations at Bulolo and Wau were susceptible to severe infestation. Older trees were seldom severely attacked. Klinkii pine has proved non-susceptible to attack. In studies of impact in three plots of 1000 trees at Bulolo from 1967–1971, least growth increment and highest mortality was recorded in the plot that had been initially severely affected by the scolytid. In contrast, good growth and low mortality was recorded in the plot of healthy trees. They were later exposed to severe infestation from the adjacent plantation of young 3–4 year-old trees, but escaped relatively unscathed. In another study of impact at Bulolo from 1967–1972, the effect of two levels of pruning on subsequent growth and re-infestation was examined. The results indicated that site also strongly affected the situation, with little growth and high mortality evident on poor sites. Secondary insects, notably the weevil Vanapa oberthueri Pouillaude, were an important factor contributing to mortality among the stressed trees.

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The distribution and life-history of Milionia isodoxa Prout (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), a Pest of planted hoop pine in papua New Guinea

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s000748530004788x ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 649-659 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. R. Wylie

Keyword(s):

Papua New Guinea ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

New Guinea ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Oecophylla Smaragdina ◽

Daily Fluctuation ◽

Hoop Pine ◽

History Of ◽

Araucaria Cunninghamii ◽

Pupal Mortality

AbstractMilionia isodoxa Prout is a serious defoliator of planted hoop pine, Araucaria cunninghamii, in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. The insect has been found in seven mainland districts, and larvae have been collected from naturally occurring hoop pine in the Madang and Southern Highlands Districts. M. isodoxa is multivoltine, the life-cycle taking approximately eight weeks. The durations of the five larval instars are 4, 4, 4, 5 and 10 days, respectively, and of the pupal period approximately two weeks. The males feed primarily on organic solutes, the females on nectar, so that the sex ratio of adult M. isodoxa in the hoop pine plantations at Bulolo varies with the time of day and locality. Pupae may be attacked by two species of Ichneumonidae and one of Braconidae, and the ants Anoplolepis longipes (Jerd.) and Oecophylla smaragdina (F.) are particularly effective larval predators in the Bulolo plantations; some adults are killed by spiders. The fungus Beauveria bassiana is responsible for high pupal mortality in the Highlands. Frass-drop frequency studies of M. isodoxa larvae in the laboratory showed that feeding activity is greatest in the early instars, and is greater at night for all instars. Larvae reared at 21°C required 14 days more for development than did those reared under the normal daily fluctuation, 19–31°C.

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Major pest species in Papua New Guinea.

10.1079/9781789249514.0009 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 21-23

Author(s):

Richard A. I. Drew ◽

Meredith C. Romig

Keyword(s):

Papua New Guinea ◽

Host Plants ◽

New Guinea ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Pest Species ◽

Major Pest

Abstract This chapter provides information on the occurrence, distribution and host plants of major fruit fly species in Papua New Guinea, including Bactrocera bryoniae, B. frauenfeldi, B. musae, B. neohumeralis, B. papayae, B. trivialis, B. umbrosa, B. cucurbitae and B. decipiens.

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Release and establishment of the baculovirus disease of Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Papua New Guinea

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300007719 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 445-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

B. D. Gorick

Keyword(s):

Papua New Guinea ◽

Local Population ◽

Release Site ◽

New Guinea ◽

Virus Spread ◽

Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽

Western Samoa ◽

Major Pest ◽

New Britain ◽

Establishment Phase

AbstractOryctes rhinoceros (L.) is a major pest of coconut palms in Papua New Guinea but has a limited distribution within the country. Pre-release monitoring showed that no baculovirus disease was present in the country prior to its importation. A consignment of O. rhinoceros larvae infected with a baculovirus disease was imported into Papua New Guinea from Western Samoa in 1977. The virus proved highly infectious to both larvae and adults of the local population of O. rhinoceros. During 1978 and 1979, adults were perorally infected with the baculovirus and released at nine sites on Manus Island, four sites on New Ireland and twelve sites on the Gazelle Peninsula of East New Britain. The infected adults were active disseminators of the virus into the field population, and the virus became established at nearly all the release sites. The shortest time between virus release and recapture of newly infected adults from a release site was eight weeks. Three different examples indicated the virus spread at approximately 1 km/month. During a fourteen-week period in the early establishment phase, significantly more females than males were collected in traps but a significantly higher percentage of the males was infected.

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TRAPPING AND DISRUPTION OF THE MATING ACTIVITY OF SCAPANES AUSTRALIS USING LIVE MALE AS BAIT IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA

CORD ◽

10.37833/cord.v15i02.333 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 15 (02) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Kakul, T.K ◽

Laup, S ◽

Stathers, T. ◽

Beaudoin -Ollivier, L. ◽

Morin, J.P ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Papua New Guinea ◽

Host Plants ◽

Insect Pest ◽

New Guinea ◽

Field Observations ◽

Gradual Decline ◽

Mating Activity ◽

Trap Catches ◽

Over Time

Scapanes australis is a major insect pest of coconut palms in Papua New Guinea. Field observations showed that on host plants like coconuts, male Scapanes always attracted females and other male members. Bucket traps were developed to lure Scapanes beetles using live males as attractant (bait). Live males feeding on sugarcane were placed singly in an inner bucket within a 10 litres bucket container with rectangular holes at the side for insect entry and soapy water inside for drowning the insects. Scapanes populations were continuously monitored by traps and results indicated a gradual decline in the Scapanes population over time. Traps were also placed in the field to see if losses to coconuts used by Scapanes can be reduced. Results indicated that the reduction in trap catches was not consistent. Further studies are required to study the physiological behavior of male Scapanes and to improve the technique of trapping of Scapanes with male member alone. The role of trapping Scapanes in pest management is discussed.

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Lifting the curtain on our knowledge on New Guinean Benstonea (Pandanaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.275.2.8 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 275 (2) ◽

pp. 168

Author(s):

MARTIN W. CALLMANDER ◽

ARY P. KEIM ◽

CHARLIE D. HEATUBUN ◽

PETER HOMOT ◽

SVEN BUERKI

Keyword(s):

Papua New Guinea ◽

New Guinea ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Field Observations ◽

New Combinations ◽

Herbarium Material ◽

New Name ◽

On This Island ◽

Centres Of Diversity ◽

Previously Treated

New Guinea is one of the centres of diversity of Benstonea (Pandanaceae), a genus distributed from India to Fiji. Ten species were previously recognised on this island and further field observations, accompanied by the study of available herbarium material have brought new insights into species delimitations within a group of caespitose species with a solitary terminal infructescence. The taxonomical identity of Benstonea odoardoi is elucidated and is considered here as a synonym of Benstonea lauterbachii. Three new combinations and a new name—based on names of Pandanus species previously treated as synonyms of Benstonea odoardoi—are proposed for four distinct species belonging to this group of caespitose species and restricted to Indonesian New Guinea and Papua New Guinea. Finally, Pandanus bintuniensis is here considered as a synonym of Benstonea permicron.

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Using Structural Geology and Cosmogenic Nuclide Dating to Infer the Slip Rate and Frictional Strength of the Active Mai’iu Low-Angle Normal Fault, Eastern Papua New Guinea

10.26686/wgtn.17058170 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Samuel Webber

Keyword(s):

Papua New Guinea ◽

Hanging Wall ◽

Slip Rate ◽

New Guinea ◽

Fault Scarp ◽

Field Observations ◽

Fault Friction ◽

Fault Surface ◽

Cosmogenic Nuclide ◽

Frictional Strength

<p>Low-angle normal faults (LANFs) have induced debate due to their apparent non -Andersonian behaviour and lack of significant seismicity associated with slip. Dipping 21°/N, the Mai’iu Fault, located in the Woodlark Rift, Eastern Papua New Guinea is an active LANF that occupies a position at the transition between continental extension and seafloor spreading. Surface geomorphology indicates that the Mai’iu Fault scarp is not significantly eroded despite high rainfall and ~2900 m of relief. Based on modelling of regional campaign GPS data (Wallace et al., 2014) the Mai’iu Fault is thought to accommodate rapid (7–9 mm/yr) horizontal extension; however the slip rate of the Mai’iu Fault has not been directly validated. I use a range of methodologies, including field mapping, cosmogenic exposure dating, cosmogenic burial dating, and Mohr-Coulomb modelling, in order to provide new constraints on LANF strength and slip behaviour. I analyse the structure of conglomeratic strata within a back -rotated rider block atop the Mai’iu Fault surface. The Gwoira rider block is a large fault-bounded sedimentary rock slice comprising the Gwoira Conglomerate, located within a large synformal megamullion in the Mai’iu Fault surface. The Gwoira Conglomerate was originally deposited on the Mai’iu Fault hanging wall concurrent with extension, and has since been buried to a maximum depth of ~2 km (evidenced by modelling of vitrinite reflectance data, and structural analysis), back-tilted, and synformally folded. The Mai’iu Fault is also overlain by a large fault slice (the Gwoira rider block), that has been transferred from the previous LANF hanging wall to the current footwall by the initiation of the younger Gwoira Fault. Both the Gwoira Conglomerate (former hanging wall) and mylonitic foliation (footwall) of the Mai’iu Fault have been shortened ~E-W, perpendicular to the extension direction. I show that N-S trending synformal folding of the Gwoira Conglomerate was concurrent with on-going sedimentation and extension on the Mai’iu Fault. Structurally shallower Gwoira Conglomerate strata are folded less than deeper strata, indicating that folding was progressively accrued concurrent with ~N -S extension. I also show that abandonment of the inactive strand of the Mai’iu Fault in favour of the Gwoira Fault, which resulted in formation of the Gwoira rider block, occurred in response to progressive megamullion amplification and resultant misorientation of the inactive strand of the Mai’iu Fault. I attribute N-S trending synformal folding to extension-perpendicular constriction. This is consistent with numerous observations of outcrop-scale conjugate strike-slip faults that deform the footwall and hanging wall of the Mai’iu Fault (Little et al., 2015), and accommodate E-W shortening. Constrictional folding remains active in the near-surface as evidenced by synformal tilting of inferred Late Quaternary fluvial terraces atop the Gwoira rider block. In order to date this sequence of progressive constrictional folding, I have processed ten ²⁶Al/¹⁰Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide burial samples obtained from the Gwoira Conglomerate; unfortunately these data were not yet available at the time of printing, due to reasons outside of my control. I also present terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) exposure ages for ten rock samples obtained from the lowermost Mai’iu Fault scarp at Biniguni Falls, in order to determine the Holocene slip-rate and style using cosmogenic ¹⁰Be in quartz. I model exposure age data after the approach of Schlagenhauf et al. (2011), using a Monte-Carlo simulation in which fault slip rate, the period of last slip on the fault, and local erosion rate are allowed to vary. Modelling evidences that the Mai’iu Fault at Biniguni Falls is active and slipping at 13.9±4.0 mm/yr (1σ), resolved over the last 13.2±2.7 ka (1σ). Modelling constrains the time of last slip to 2.9±1.4 ka (1σ); this is consistent with a seismic event at that time, followed by non-slip on the Mai’iu Fault until the present day. Finally, because rider block formation records abandonment of the uppermost part of a LANF, Coulomb fault mechanical analysis can be applied to field observations to provide an upper limit on LANF frictional strength (µf). Calculations are made in terms of Mohr-Coulomb mechanics, after the framework of Choi and Buck (2012). The lock-up (abandonment) orientation at any particular position on the Mai’iu Fault is principally a function of fault friction (µf), crustal friction (µc), fault cohesion (Cf), crustal cohesion (Cc), depth, fault orientation, fluid pressure, and the orientation of the greatest principle stress. Model results suggest that fault friction for the active Gwoira-Mai’iu Fault surface is 0.128≤μf≤0.265 for Cf<1.8 MPa, and 0.2≤μf≤0.265 for Cf≤0.5 MPa. Modelling of abandonment of the inactive Mai’iu Fault suggests that 0.26≤μf≤0.309 for Cf<1.8 MPa. This suggests that past slip on the inactive Mai’iu Fault, and continued slip on the active Gwoira-Mai’iu Fault, were enabled by low fault frictional strength. I also model the strength of the active Mai’iu Fault at Biniguni Falls; results suggest greater LANF friction (μf≥0.32) than the Gwoira-Mai’iu Fault surface, and inactive Mai’iu Fault. In order to explain active slip on the LANF at Biniguni Falls concurrent with widespread field observations of outcrop-scale faulting of the LANF footwall, I suggest a process whereby overall the LANF remains viable and active, but locally stress conditions exceed the LANF abandonment criteria; this results in highly localised and temporary ‘footwall damage’ where the LANF footwall is locally dissected by outcrop-scale faulting.</p>

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Using Structural Geology and Cosmogenic Nuclide Dating to Infer the Slip Rate and Frictional Strength of the Active Mai’iu Low-Angle Normal Fault, Eastern Papua New Guinea

10.26686/wgtn.17058170.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Samuel Webber

Keyword(s):

Papua New Guinea ◽

Hanging Wall ◽

Slip Rate ◽

New Guinea ◽

Fault Scarp ◽

Field Observations ◽

Fault Friction ◽

Fault Surface ◽

Cosmogenic Nuclide ◽

Frictional Strength

<p>Low-angle normal faults (LANFs) have induced debate due to their apparent non -Andersonian behaviour and lack of significant seismicity associated with slip. Dipping 21°/N, the Mai’iu Fault, located in the Woodlark Rift, Eastern Papua New Guinea is an active LANF that occupies a position at the transition between continental extension and seafloor spreading. Surface geomorphology indicates that the Mai’iu Fault scarp is not significantly eroded despite high rainfall and ~2900 m of relief. Based on modelling of regional campaign GPS data (Wallace et al., 2014) the Mai’iu Fault is thought to accommodate rapid (7–9 mm/yr) horizontal extension; however the slip rate of the Mai’iu Fault has not been directly validated. I use a range of methodologies, including field mapping, cosmogenic exposure dating, cosmogenic burial dating, and Mohr-Coulomb modelling, in order to provide new constraints on LANF strength and slip behaviour. I analyse the structure of conglomeratic strata within a back -rotated rider block atop the Mai’iu Fault surface. The Gwoira rider block is a large fault-bounded sedimentary rock slice comprising the Gwoira Conglomerate, located within a large synformal megamullion in the Mai’iu Fault surface. The Gwoira Conglomerate was originally deposited on the Mai’iu Fault hanging wall concurrent with extension, and has since been buried to a maximum depth of ~2 km (evidenced by modelling of vitrinite reflectance data, and structural analysis), back-tilted, and synformally folded. The Mai’iu Fault is also overlain by a large fault slice (the Gwoira rider block), that has been transferred from the previous LANF hanging wall to the current footwall by the initiation of the younger Gwoira Fault. Both the Gwoira Conglomerate (former hanging wall) and mylonitic foliation (footwall) of the Mai’iu Fault have been shortened ~E-W, perpendicular to the extension direction. I show that N-S trending synformal folding of the Gwoira Conglomerate was concurrent with on-going sedimentation and extension on the Mai’iu Fault. Structurally shallower Gwoira Conglomerate strata are folded less than deeper strata, indicating that folding was progressively accrued concurrent with ~N -S extension. I also show that abandonment of the inactive strand of the Mai’iu Fault in favour of the Gwoira Fault, which resulted in formation of the Gwoira rider block, occurred in response to progressive megamullion amplification and resultant misorientation of the inactive strand of the Mai’iu Fault. I attribute N-S trending synformal folding to extension-perpendicular constriction. This is consistent with numerous observations of outcrop-scale conjugate strike-slip faults that deform the footwall and hanging wall of the Mai’iu Fault (Little et al., 2015), and accommodate E-W shortening. Constrictional folding remains active in the near-surface as evidenced by synformal tilting of inferred Late Quaternary fluvial terraces atop the Gwoira rider block. In order to date this sequence of progressive constrictional folding, I have processed ten ²⁶Al/¹⁰Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide burial samples obtained from the Gwoira Conglomerate; unfortunately these data were not yet available at the time of printing, due to reasons outside of my control. I also present terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) exposure ages for ten rock samples obtained from the lowermost Mai’iu Fault scarp at Biniguni Falls, in order to determine the Holocene slip-rate and style using cosmogenic ¹⁰Be in quartz. I model exposure age data after the approach of Schlagenhauf et al. (2011), using a Monte-Carlo simulation in which fault slip rate, the period of last slip on the fault, and local erosion rate are allowed to vary. Modelling evidences that the Mai’iu Fault at Biniguni Falls is active and slipping at 13.9±4.0 mm/yr (1σ), resolved over the last 13.2±2.7 ka (1σ). Modelling constrains the time of last slip to 2.9±1.4 ka (1σ); this is consistent with a seismic event at that time, followed by non-slip on the Mai’iu Fault until the present day. Finally, because rider block formation records abandonment of the uppermost part of a LANF, Coulomb fault mechanical analysis can be applied to field observations to provide an upper limit on LANF frictional strength (µf). Calculations are made in terms of Mohr-Coulomb mechanics, after the framework of Choi and Buck (2012). The lock-up (abandonment) orientation at any particular position on the Mai’iu Fault is principally a function of fault friction (µf), crustal friction (µc), fault cohesion (Cf), crustal cohesion (Cc), depth, fault orientation, fluid pressure, and the orientation of the greatest principle stress. Model results suggest that fault friction for the active Gwoira-Mai’iu Fault surface is 0.128≤μf≤0.265 for Cf<1.8 MPa, and 0.2≤μf≤0.265 for Cf≤0.5 MPa. Modelling of abandonment of the inactive Mai’iu Fault suggests that 0.26≤μf≤0.309 for Cf<1.8 MPa. This suggests that past slip on the inactive Mai’iu Fault, and continued slip on the active Gwoira-Mai’iu Fault, were enabled by low fault frictional strength. I also model the strength of the active Mai’iu Fault at Biniguni Falls; results suggest greater LANF friction (μf≥0.32) than the Gwoira-Mai’iu Fault surface, and inactive Mai’iu Fault. In order to explain active slip on the LANF at Biniguni Falls concurrent with widespread field observations of outcrop-scale faulting of the LANF footwall, I suggest a process whereby overall the LANF remains viable and active, but locally stress conditions exceed the LANF abandonment criteria; this results in highly localised and temporary ‘footwall damage’ where the LANF footwall is locally dissected by outcrop-scale faulting.</p>

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The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritideae: Dacinae) of Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua, Associated Islands and Bougainville

10.1079/9781789249514.0000 ◽

2022 ◽

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Papua New Guinea ◽

New Guinea ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Full Description ◽

Pest Species ◽

The Status ◽

Major Pest ◽

The Rich

Abstract The species within the Tribe Dacini from Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua (West Papua, Central Papua, Papua), associated islands and Bougainville are recorded. In all, 296 species are recorded including 65 new species described herein. The new species are treated under two genera, Bactrocera Macquart (eight subgenera) and Dacus Fabricius (three subgenera). The following new species are described and illustrated: Bactrocera (Bactrocera) atriscuta, B. (B.) bisianumu, B. (B.) bogiae, B. (B.) bubiae, B. (B.) bukaensis, B. (B.) caccabata, B. (B.) centraliae, B (B.) dysoxyli, B. (B.) expandosa, B. (B.) fumica, B. (B.) gabensiae, B. (B.) kaiauiae, B. (B.) kauiae, B. (B.) keravatiae, B. (B.) kokodiae, B. (B.) kunvawaensis, B. (B.) labubulu, B. (B.) laensis, B. (B.) manusiae, B. (B.) meraiensis, B. (B.) monostriata, B. (B.) neoabdonigella, B. (B.) neoaeroginosa, B. (B.) ohuiae, B. (B.) paraendiandrae, B. (B.) paraochracea, B. (B.) pometiae, B. (B.) raunsepnaensis, B. (B.) rounaensis, B (B.) rutilana, B. (B.) saramandiae, B. (B.) sari, B. (B.) sylvania, B. (B.) tikelingiae, B. (B.) trivirgulata, B. (B.) waidoriae, B. (B.) yayamiae, Bactrocera (Bulladacus) curiosa, Bactrocera (Calodacus) insolita, Bactrocera (Hemizeugodacus) neoaglaiae, B. (H.) wilhelmiae, Bactrocera (Neozeugodacus) leblanci, Bactrocera (Semicallantra) cerberae, B. (S.) malasaitiae, Bactrocera (Tetradacus) arbuscula, B. (T.) novotnyi, B. (T.) procera, Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) aiyurae, B. (Z.) anglimpiae, B. (Z.) bainingsiae, B. (Z.) madangiae, B. (Z.) magiae, B. (Z.) mitparingii, B. (Z.) oiyaripensis, B. (Z.) parasepikae, B. (Z.) rufoscutella, B. (Z.) xanthovelata, Dacus (Callantra) nigrolobus, D. (Mellesis) alatifuscatus, Dacus (Neodacus) asteriscus, D. (N.) bimaculosus, D. (N.) curvabilis, D. (N.) kreeriae, D. (N.) lalokiae and D. (N.) neosignatifrons. Females of B. (Bactrocera) daruensis Drew, B. (Bactrocera) nigella (Drew) and B. (Bactrocera) thistletoni Drew are described and a revised description of B. (Bactrocera) torresiae Huxham & Hancock is presented. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) denigrata (Drew) is withdrawn from synonymy with B. longicornis Macquart, and a full description of B. longicornis is presented from a study of the holotype and 27 newly collected specimens. New geographical distribution, host plant and male lure records are presented for some species. The major pest species that occur in the geographical region covered by this publication are reviewed and their biosecurity risks to other regional countries discussed. The land mass of Papua New Guinea and Indonesian Papua contains a richer fauna than any other from South-east Asia to the eastern Pacific, presumably resulting from speciation in the rich rainforest ecosystem. Differences of opinion on the status of some species in the Bactrocera dorsalis complex and on the supraspecific classification within the genus Bactrocera are evident in the literature. We have acknowledged and discussed these differences and, as authors, have presented conclusions based on our own research data.

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Notes on Benstonea (Pandanaceae) from the islands of Halmahera, New Guinea and Sulawesi

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.175.3.6 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 175 (3) ◽

pp. 161 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Martin W. Callmander ◽

SVEN BUERKI ◽

ARY P. KEIM ◽

PETER B. PHILLIPSON

Keyword(s):

Papua New Guinea ◽

New Guinea ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Field Observations ◽

New Combinations ◽

Herbarium Material ◽

Basal Portion ◽

Previously Treated

Benstonea (Pandanaceae) was circumscribed to include 57 species formerly placed in the genus Pandanus. Field observations, accompanied by the study of available herbarium material have brought new insights for the delimitation of certain problematic species, especially in the difficult group of species characterized by an axillary infructescence on a short peduncle covered by prophylls and the abscission of the basal portion of the drupe at maturity. New combinations, based on names in Pandanus previously treated as synonyms of Benstonea stenocarpa, are proposed for three distinct species of this group from Halmahera (Indonesia) and Papua New Guinea. The identity of Benstonea celebica, endemic to Sulawesi (Indonesia), is also elucidated and an epitype is designated for this species.

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