Products derived from the leaves of Ocimum kilimandscharicum (Labiatae) as post-harvest grain protectants against the infestation of three major stored product insect pests

AbstractThe bioactivity of materials from the leaves of Ocimum kilimandscharicum was tested against Sitophilus zeamais Mots chulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory. Exposure of adults of the three insect species to dried ground leaves and essential oil extract of O. kilimandscharicum induced 100% mortality after 48 h. Fresh and dried whole leaves were not toxic to Sitophilus zeamais or R. dominica. Grains treated with dried ground leaves and essential oil extract caused significant reductions in the number of progeny and survival rate of all three pest species tested. There was no adult survival or progeny production in grains treated separately with each of the two materials at doses of 25.0 g (dried ground leaves) and 0.3 g (essential oil) per 250 g of grain, respectively. Unlike R. dominica and Sitotroga cerealella, grains treated with fresh leaves enhanced the feeding activity of Sitophilus zeamais. Ground leaves and the essential oil, however, protected the grains against feeding by all three species, resulting in lower weight loss and number of damaged seeds compared with untreated grains. All the plant materials were repellent to S. zeamais with the essential oil extract applied at 0.3 g/250 g of grain evoking the highest repellent action. There was, however, considerable variation in the repellency of the materials against R. dominica and Sitotroga cerealella. The results are discussed in terms of the efficacy of O. kilimandscharicum for protection against loss due to insects in traditional grain storage in developing countries.

Download Full-text

The insect infestation of sorghum stored in granaries in Northern Nigeria

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300049683 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 573-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

P. H. Giles

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Sitophilus Oryzae ◽

Dry Season ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Local Market ◽

Sitotroga Cerealella ◽

Northern Nigeria ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Insect Populations ◽

Maximum Moisture Content

The majority of sorghum in Northern Nigeria is stored unthreshed in farmers' granaries made of dried mud or plant materials such as grass matting and cereal stems. During the course of survey work and insecticide trials in 1959–61 it was possible to examine many samples of unthreshed sorghum from granaries throughout Northern Nigeria. It was found that the distribution of insect species within the Region is not uniform. Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Sitotroga cerealella (Ol.) are the major pests. Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. was found only in the southernmost area. Heavy infestations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Lasioderma serricorne (F.), Cryptolestes ugandae Steel & Howe, Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauv.), Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.) and T. confusum Duv. usually occur. Attagenus gloriosae (F.), Ahasverus advena (Waltl), Palorus ficicola (Woll.), P. ratzeburgi (Wissm.) and P. subdcpressus (Woll.) are occasionally important.R. dominica, Bruchidius sp., G. ugandae, Planolestes cornutus (Grouv.), S. oryzae, Brachypeplus sp., T. castaneum, Sitotroga cerealella (all of which occurred on the standing crop), L. serricorne, Typhaea stercorea (L.), O. mercator, Palorus spp. and Tribolium confusum were found in sorghum sampled before storage. Insects from infested stores were found to infest sorghum growing nearby. Prestorage infestation alone can result in subsequent heavy populations of insects in the store. Cross-infestation between granaries almost certainly occurs.Under Samaru conditions, where sorghum is harvested in November–December, insect populations remain at a low level in granary-stored unthreshed sorghum until after June, when the moisture content rises in the rainy season. In sorghum stored for nine months in provincial trials, more damage occurred during the last three months than during the previous six months of storage.Sorghum heads stored in granaries made of plant materials such as grass matting and cereal stems are more severely damaged by insects than those stored in dried-mud granaries. This is probably due to a higher rate of immigration in the former.In threshed grain stored in a mud granary, moisture content and damage by the most abundant insect, Sitophilus oryzae, decreased with depth. The insect population rose to a peak in November, two months after the maximum moisture content. The numbers fell rapidly during the following dry season. The annual cycle of insect damage was also assessed by taking fortnightly samples of threshed grain from a local market. S. oryzae was the most numerous insect, but even this species was uncommon from December to May, during the dry season.

Download Full-text

Estragole-rich essential oil of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) as an eco-friendly alternative to the synthetic insecticides in management of two stored-products insect pests

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2020.115.2.1317 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 115 (2) ◽

pp. 307

Author(s):

Asgar EBADOLLAHI

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Stored Products ◽

Satureja Hortensis ◽

Main Components ◽

High Level ◽

Chemical Pesticides

The lesser grain borer [Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792)] and the red flour beetle [Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797)] are among the cosmopolitan damaging pests on several stored-products. The overuse of chemical pesticides in the control of such pests caused several side-effects including environmental contaminations, human health problems, and insect pests' resistance. In this circumstance, researchers have focused on safe and effective alternatives to chemical pesticides. In the present study, the insecticidal efficiency of essential oil extracted from the summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) was assessed on the R. dominica and T. castaneum adults. The chemical profile of essential oil was evaluated through a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, in which estragole, β-ocimene and d-limonene were the main components. The essential oil had considerable fumigant toxicity on insect pests. The mortality of insects was dependent on the essential oil concentration and exposure time. Probit analysis indicated that R. dominica with low LC50 values (Lethal Concentration to kill 50 % of tested insects) was more susceptible than T. castaneum. Accordingly, S. hortensis essential oil with a high level of phenylpropanoid and terpenic compounds can be recommended as an efficient and natural alternative to the detrimental chemicals in the management of R. dominica and T. castaneum.

Download Full-text

Chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oil from Eucalyptus occidentalis leaves against two stored product pests

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science ◽

10.1017/s1742758418000085 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (03) ◽

pp. 216-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shokoofeh Bande-Borujeni ◽

Nooshin Zandi-Sohani ◽

Leila Ramezani

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Contact Toxicity ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Innovative Methods ◽

Stored Product Pests ◽

Eucalyptus Occidentalis

AbstractAttempts have been made in recent years to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides and seek alternative and innovative methods for pest control. We conducted a study on the chemical composition ofEucalyptus occidentalisessential oil and investigated the fumigant, contact and repellent effects againstTribolium castaneum(Herbst) (Col: Tenebrionidae) andRhyzopertha dominica(F.) (Col: Bostrichidae). The major components were τ-cadinol (17.20), 1,8-cineol (15.5%), α-cadinol (14%) and α-pinene (9.21%). The contact toxicity experiment showed that the oil was more toxic toR. dominica(LD50value 0.82 μL/cm) than toT. castaneum(LD50value 0.99 μL/cm) and showed the same fumigant toxicity for both insects according to the 95% confidence limit of LC50. The repellency againstT. castaneumwas more than forR. dominicaand increased from 14 to 75% forR. dominicaand 22 to 78% forT. castaneumafter 2 h. These results suggest thatE. occidentalisessential oil is a potential candidate for use as a natural repellent and insecticide for stored-product insect pests.

Download Full-text

The Insecticidal Effect of Essential Oil ofEucalyptus floribundiAgainst Two Major Stored Product Insect Pests;Rhyzopertha dominica(F.) andOryzaephilus surinamensis(L.)

Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants ◽

10.1080/0972060x.2014.958569 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 820-831 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shiva Parsia Aref ◽

Oruj Valizadegan ◽

Mohammad Ebrahim Farashiani

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Insecticidal Effect

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the Toxicity of Satureja intermedia C. A. Mey Essential Oil to Storage and Greenhouse Insect Pests and a Predator Ladybird

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9060712 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 712 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Asgar Ebadollahi ◽

William N. Setzer

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Coccinella Septempunctata ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Contact Toxicity ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Rational Agents ◽

Relative Safety

The use of chemical insecticides has had several side-effects, such as environmental contamination, foodborne residues, and human health threats. The utilization of plant-derived essential oils as efficient bio-rational agents has been acknowledged in pest management strategies. In the present study, the fumigant toxicity of essential oil isolated from Satureja intermedia was assessed against cosmopolitan stored-product insect pests: Trogoderma granarium Everts (khapra beetle), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (lesser grain borer), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (red flour beetle), and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (saw-toothed grain beetle). The essential oil had significant fumigant toxicity against tested insects, which positively depended on essential oil concentrations and the exposure times. Comparative contact toxicity of S. intermedia essential oil was measured against Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe (oleander aphid) and its predator Coccinella septempunctata L. (seven-spot ladybird). Adult females of A. nerii were more susceptible to the contact toxicity than the C. septempunctata adults. The dominant compounds in the essential oil of S. intermedia were thymol (48.1%), carvacrol (11.8%), p-cymene (8.1%), and γ-terpinene (8.1%). The high fumigant toxicity against four major stored-product insect pests, the significant aphidicidal effect on A. nerii, and relative safety to the general predator C. septempunctata make terpene-rich S. intermedia essential oil a potential candidate for use as a plant-based alternative to the detrimental synthetic insecticides.

Download Full-text

Phytochemical and Toxicological Studies of Artemisia L. (Compositae) Essential Oil against some Insect Pests

Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aphyt.41.2006.3-4.21 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (3-4) ◽

pp. 395-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mahmoud M. M. Soliman

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Toxicological Studies

Download Full-text

Dispersal and spatiotemporal distribution of Protapion fulvipes in white clover fields: implications for pest management

Journal of Pest Science ◽

10.1007/s10340-021-01408-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Veronica Hederström ◽

Franklin N. Nyabuga ◽

Olle Anderbrant ◽

Glenn P. Svensson ◽

Maj Rundlöf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

White Clover ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Main Tool ◽

Management Tool ◽

Pest Species ◽

Economic Injury Level ◽

Dispersal Capacity ◽

Clover Seed

AbstractYield loss caused by insect pests remains a substantial problem in agriculture. Chemical control, with potential negative effects on non-target organisms, is still the main tool for pest management. For pest species with limited dispersal capacity, rotation of the crop in time and space has potential as an alternative management measure. This is particularly important in organic farming, where most agrochemicals are prohibited, but also relevant as a complementary pest management strategy in conventional agriculture. Clover is an important crop used for animal feed and as green manure; however, seed-eating weevils can severely limit the seed yield. We hypothesized that the previous year’s clover seed fields constitute the major sources of weevil pests. Consequently, a greater distance to, and a smaller pest load from, this source should reduce the number of weevils colonizing the new seed fields. To map population dynamics and dispersal range of Protapion fulvipes, an economically important seed weevil specialized on white clover, we conducted field studies over four years in 45 white clover seed fields. We found that P. fulvipes overwinters close to its source field and disperses to new fields in early spring the following year. Pest abundance increased with pest load in the previous year’s seed field, but decreased by 68% per km distance to the previous year’s field. Thus, separation of seed production fields between years by 2–3 km would create a spatiotemporal pest management tool to reduce the pest infestation below the estimated economic injury level.

Download Full-text

Chemical composition and fumigant toxicity of the essential oil from Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Grey against two major stored grain insect pests

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection ◽

10.1007/s41348-020-00424-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thiyam B. Devi ◽

Vishakha Raina ◽

Dinabandhu Sahoo ◽

Yallappa Rajashekar

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Tithonia Diversifolia ◽

Stored Grain

Download Full-text

Insect control with CO2 in a small stack of bagged grain in a plastic film enclosure

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9790102 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 19 (96) ◽

pp. 102 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

HJ Banks ◽

AK Sharp

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Pvc Membrane ◽

Pest Species ◽

Dry Ice ◽

Anisopteromalus Calandrae ◽

Stored Product Pest ◽

Natural Infestation ◽

Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽

Additional Charges

The use of carbon dioxide, added as dry ice, was demonstrated as a means of disinfestation of bagged wheat and rye enclosed in a PVC membrane. The bag stack was dosed with dry ice giving an atmosphere of about 60% CO2. Carbon dioxide levels were maintained over 22 days with additional charges of dry ice added directly on top of the stack or enclosed within a polystyrene box to regulate the CO2 release rate. A natural infestation of Rhyzopertha dominica with small numbers of other stored product pest species was controlled, with complete mortality of adult insects, but slight survival of some early stages of R. dominica. Some of the hymenopterous parasitoids, Anisopteromalus calandrae and Choetospila elegans, survived the treatment, apparently as pupae. The treatment was successful under conditions where many other methods of pest control were inapplicable because of difficulty or expense of application, as in a small bulk (2.8 tonnes), at low temperature (11-13�C), when the commodity is close to working areas and when there is a requirement for freedom from pesticide residues.

Download Full-text