A biochemical and toxicological study of the role of insensitive acetylcholinesterase in organophosphorus resistantBemisia tabaci(Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) from Israel

1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Byrne ◽  
Matthew Cahill ◽  
Ian Denholm ◽  
Alan L. Devonshire
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Microplate Assay ◽  
Toxicological Study ◽  
Single Insect

AbstractTwo acetylcholinesterase (AChE) variants, differing in sensitivity to inhibition by the organophosphorus (OP) insecticide paraoxon were identified in a population ofBemisia tabaci(Gennadius) from cotton in Israel using a single insect kinetic microplate assay. Two strains were established, homogeneous for one or other of the two variants, by isolating mated females from the field population onto individual cotton leaves, and testing a proportion of their female offspring to identify their AChE genotype. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of their I-naphthyl butyrate hydrolyzing esterases showed that all insects contained esterase E0 14, which is indicative of B-type whiteflies, although the staining intensity of this band differed. Resistance to the OPs monocrotophos, profenofos and chlorpyrifos in leaf dip bioassays was consistent with the presence of the insensitive AChE. The data also indicated that separate mechanisms conferred resistance to the two pyrethroids cypermethrin and bifenthrin. The former, when used in a mixture with profenofos, was no more toxic than when the OP was used alone, and resistance to the mixture was largely dependent on the presence of the insensitive AChE.

scholarly journals Decrease in hepatic cytochrome P-450 by cobalt. Evidence for a role of cobalt protoporphyrin

1982 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F Sinclair ◽  
P R Sinclair ◽  
J F Healey ◽  
E L Smith ◽  
H L Bonkowsky
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Cobalt Protoporphyrin ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Hepatic Cytochrome

Exposure of cultured chick-embryo hepatocytes to increasing concentrations of CoCl2 in the presence of allylisopropylacetamide results in formation of cobalt protoporphyrin, with a reciprocal decrease in haem and cytochrome P-450. Treatment of rats with CoCl2 (84 mumol/kg) and 5-aminolaevulinate (0.2 mmol/kg) also results in formation of cobalt protoporphyrin and a decrease in cytochrome P-450 in the liver. Hepatic microsomal fractions from rats treated with phenobarbital, CoCl2 and 5-aminolaevulinate were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cobalt protoporphyrin was associated mainly with proteins of 50000-53000 mol.wt. The results suggest that the formation of cobalt protoporphyrin occurred at the expense of the synthesis of haem, leading to a decrease in cytochrome P-450. Furthermore, the cobalt protoporphyrin that was formed may itself have been incorporated into apocytochrome P-450.

Esterase variation and squash induction in B-type Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Byrne ◽  
Ian D. Bedford ◽  
Alan L. Devonshire ◽  
Peter G. Markham
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Null Allele ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Quantitative Variation ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Type Pattern ◽  
Type Strains

AbstractPolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to study esterase variation in a population of B-type Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). A total of six esterases was identified within an overall B-type pattern. However, both qualitative and quantitative variation in some of these esterases gave three clearly defined phenotypes. One of these lacked esterase E0.14 which until now has been the key band used to classify B-type strains electrophoretically. A strain homozygous for the E0.14 null allele (B-Null) retained the ability to induce squash silverleaf, a plant physiological disorder which hitherto has only ever been associated with whitefly strains possessing this band.

ROLE OF GALACTOSE IN THE ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF THYROGLOBULIN

1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Monaco ◽  
M. Andreoli
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

ABSTRACT Thyroglobulins (TG) from a "hot" human thyroid nodule and from Fisher rats have been purified and the effects of progressive removal of sialic acid and galactose on the immunoreactive properties of the proteins were studied. Terminal sialic acid and galactose were released by stepwise hydrolysis with neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase. Agalacto-TG shows a slower electrophoretic mobility than native TG, but in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis it migrates in the same position as asialo-TG. In immunodiffusion agalacto-TG forms a spur with native TG and asialo-TG when tested against anti 19S native TG or anti-asialo-TG sera. It is thus shown that galactose in the terminal environment of the oligosaccharide chains of thyroglobulin is essential for the structural groups involved in the antigenic properties of thyroglobulin.

Protein and lipid methylation by methionine and S-adenosylmethionine in Myxococcus xanthus

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1224-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon M. Panasenko
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Myxococcus Xanthus ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Methyl Donors

Methylation of lipids and proteins has been examined in Myxococcus xanthus using radioactive methionine and S-adenosylmethionine as methyl donors. S-adenosylmethionine is shown to be taken up by these cells and utilized directly. This permits detection of methylation in the presence of protein synthesis. Patterns of methylation obtained using methionine and S-adenosylmethionine during vegetative growth are compared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and inhibitors of protein synthesis and S-adenosylmethionine synthesis are examined for their effects on methylation. The ability to investigate methylation using exogenous S-adenosylmethionine will be advantageous in studying the role of methylation under conditions of growth and development where ongoing protein synthesis is required.

scholarly journals AN ELECTROPHORETIC DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SURFACE AND SECRETED IGM OF MURINE SPLENOCYTES

1973 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 1282-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Melcher ◽  
Jonathan W. Uhr
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Murine Splenocytes

µ-chains on the surface of murine splenocytes are more heterogeneous on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis than both secreted and intracellular µ-chains labeled with [3H]tyrosine. No difference in heterogeneity among cell surface, secreted, or intracellular L chains was detected. The possible role of carbohydrate in µ-chain heterogeneity is discussed.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Thirteen Oil seed Brassica L. Variants From Bangladesh Through Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-755
Author(s):  
Faria Akbar ◽  
Susmita Saha ◽  
Meghla Saha Pinky ◽  
Kazi Nahida Begum
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Wide Range

Brassica L. is the most agronomical important genus of Brassicaceae family. An electrophoretic exploration was conveyed for proper identification of genetically diverse and agronomically superior genotypes and pursuing the extent of genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationship within the thirteen variants of Brassica for leaf storage protein by using Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) as biochemical marker. A total of 19 alternative protein bands were found with high polymorphism of 89.47%. The protein banding pattern suggested the existence of differences among the studied variants pertaining to the location, molecular weight and staining intensity of the bands which could be utilized as fingerprints for variants identification. Based on Nei’s genetic distance, a wide range of genetic distance (0.0541–1.5581) offered the presence of broad genetic variability among the quested variants. A dendrogram was constructed by using UPGMA where all the analyzed Brassica variants were rouped into two major clusters. Relying on this analysis, highest genetic variation (1.5581) was observed between BS-10 and BS-14 while the lowest genetic variation (0.0541) was recorded between BS-9 and BS-12, which might be furnished as a source of parental line. Consequently, it can be proposed that the protein profile of the analyzed thirteen variants of Brassica L. by PAGE would be considered to be a contributory implement to the breeders of Brassica by providing sufficient information on the genetic resources of Brassica and improvement of new offspring in the forthcoming breeding program of Brassica L.

scholarly journals Role of Pili and Polysaccharide in adherence ofPseudomonasaeruginosato mammalian epithelial cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Subhi J. Hamza ◽  
Sumuiyya H. Al-Zubaidy ◽  
Lina A. K. Al-Amir
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Pilin Protein ◽  
Adherence Ability

Adherence capability of Pseudomonasaeruginosaisolated fromIraqi patients was tested in accordance to their capability to adhere to epithelial cells.A range of adherence ability was found: Thehighestcapacitywith mean number of adhering bacteria of (13.5) was noticed. A sparse content or alginate was detected in these isolates analysis of pilin protein isolated from cultures exposed to ciprofloxacin antibiotic at sub MIC, level using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that treatment of cells with 3/4 MIC show highest activity as compared with others. Results of protein profile followed the same trend of that in adhesion experiment which allows to hypothesize that these isolates arepiliated, no mucoid.

Ultrastructural localization of specific nucleoprotein fractions

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
G. L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Liver Nuclei ◽  
Phosphate Groups

Bismuth (Bi) stains nucleoproteins (NPs) by interacting with available amino and primary phosphate groups. These two staining mechanisms are distinguishable by glutaraldehyde crosslinking (Fig. 1,2).Isolated mouse liver nuclei, extracted with salt and acid solutions, fixed in either formaldehyde (form.) or gl utaraldehyde (glut.) and stained with Bi, were viewed to determine the effect of the extractions on Bi stainina. Solubilized NPs were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Extraction with 0.14 M salt does not change the Bi staining characteristics (Fig. 3). 0.34 M salt reduces nucleolar (Nu) staining but has no effect on interchromatinic (IC) staining (Fig. 4). Proteins responsible for Nu and glut.- insensitive IC staining are removed when nuclei are extracted with 0.6 M salt (Fig. 5, 6). Low salt and acid extraction prevents Bi-Nu staining but has no effect on IC staining (Fig. 7). When nuclei are extracted with 0.6 M salt followed by low salt and acid, all Bi-staining components are removed (Fig. 8).

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