Seed treatments with thiamine reduce the performance of generalist and specialist aphids on crop plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Hamada ◽  
J. Fatehi ◽  
L.M.V. Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractThiamine is a vitamin that has been shown to act as a trigger to activate plant defence and reduce pathogen and nematode infection as well as aphid settling and reproduction. We have here investigated whether thiamine treatments of seeds (i.e. seed dressing) would increase plant resistance against aphids and whether this would have different effects on a generalist than on specialist aphids. Seeds of wheat, barley, oat and pea were treated with thiamine alone or in combination with the biocontrol bacteriaPseudomonas chlororaphisMA 342 (MA 342). Plants were grown in climate chambers. The effects of seed treatment on fecundity, host acceptance and life span were studied on specialist aphids bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padiL.) and pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisumHarris) and on the generalist green peach aphid (Myzus persicae, Sulzer). Thiamine seed treatments reduced reproduction and host acceptance of all three aphid species. The number of days to reproduction, the length of the reproductive life, the fecundity and the intrinsic rate of increase were found reduced for bird cherry-oat aphid after thiamine treatment of the cereal seeds. MA 342 did not have any effect in any of the plant-aphid combinations, except a weak decrease of pea aphid reproduction on pea. The results show that there are no differential effects of either thiamine or MA 342 seed treatments on specialist and generalist aphids and suggest that seed treatments with thiamine has a potential in aphid pest management.

REPRODUCTION AND POPULATION GROWTH OF THE PEA APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY AND FIELD CONDITIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Campbell ◽  
M. Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Total Fecundity

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the age-specific fecundity and the survival of apterous and alate virginoparous pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), from Kamloops, B.C., was measured. Demographic statistics were estimated for 10.3°, 14.8°, 19.7°, 26.1°, and 27.8°C constant and for fluctuating field temperatures. On a 24-h-day time-scale, temperature and longevity were inversely related in both morphs; total fecundity was highest at average and low constant temperatures. On a physiological time-scale, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was insensitive to changes in constant temperature in the range between 10° and 20°C; temperatures above 25°C were detrimental to aphid population growth and survival. Alate virginoparae generally had a longer pre-reproductive period and achieved a lower mean total fecundity than apterae maintained under identical conditions. The usefulness of laboratory measurements for the prediction of population growth under variable field temperatures is discussed. Differences in the reproductive patterns of alate and apterous pea aphids are considered in the context of the r- and K-hypothesis of selection.

THE EFFECT OF PARASITISM BY APHIDIUS SMITHI (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE) ON REPRODUCTION AND POPULATION GROWTH OF THE PEA APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 919-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Campbell ◽  
M. Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Total Fecundity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractParasitism by Aphidius smithi reduced the fecundity and population growth of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Aphids that were parasitized during the first or second instar period died as fourth instars without producing offspring. Parasitized third or fourth instars usually reached maturity and produced a variable number of progeny. Parasitized adult aphids stopped producing nymphs approximately 7 to 8 days following attack by A. smithi. Equations are given for the relationship between the mean total fecundity, the intrinsic rate of increase, and the doubling time of apterous and alate viviparous pea aphid and the aphid age at the beginning of parasitism.

scholarly journals Comparison of Field Population Growths of Three Cereal Aphid Species on Winter Wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jarošík ◽  
A. Honěk ◽  
A. Tichopád
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Population growths of three aphid species colonising winter wheat stands, Metopolophium dirhodum, Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion avenae, were analysed by regression method. The calculations were based on counts in 268 winter wheat plots at 3 or 7 day intervals over 10 (leaves) or 6 (ears) years. The population dynamics of a particular species differed widely between years. Density independent exponential growth of the population was most common, but its rate differed significantly between species, and for S. avenae also between populations on leaves and ears, on which the populations grew fastest. Field estimates of the intrinsic rate of increase derived from the exponential growths ranged between 0.010–0.026 in M. dirhodum, 0.0071–0.011 in R. padi, and between 0.00078–0.0061 and 0.0015–0.13 in S. avenae on leaves and ears, respectively. In the populations with the most vigorous population growth, S. avenae on ears and M. dirhodum on leaves, the rate of population increase significantly decreased with increasing aphid density.  

Effects of host plants on the growth, reproduction, and defense in pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin John Martin ◽  
Zuqing Hu ◽  
Zhiqiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Background: Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) possess a weak immune system, but they can firmly mount immunological responses. However, the influence of different plants on their defense against different microbes remains largely unknown. In addition, no previous research has integrated the growth, reproduction, and defense responses of pea aphids feeding on different plants. Objective: This study aims to investigate the growth, reproduction, and defense responses of pea aphids feeding on different plants. Methods: Pea aphids were cultivated on both Medicago sativa and Vicia faba. Growth and reproduction were evaluated. Additionally, we monitored the survival and microbial loads of pea aphids after bacterial and fungal infections. Results : Pea aphids reared on M. sativa had lower growth, lower intrinsic rate of increase, and lower finite rate of increase when compared to aphids feeding on V. faba. The net reproduction was lower in aphids feeding on M. sativa, although the difference was not significant. The mean time of generation and pre-reproductive periods was longer for aphids reared on M. sativa than for aphids reared on V. faba. In the infection experiments, we found that aphid survival was not affected by the host plant. However, A. pisum reared on M. sativa generally harbored fewer microbial loads than those reared on V. faba. Conclusions: The growth and reproduction of pea aphids are affected by the host plant. Aphids feeding on different plants had different tolerances to microbial infections. Our study sheds light on improving biological control programs for aphids.

DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION OF THE GREEN PEACH APHID, MYZUS PERSICAE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), ON UPPER AND LOWER LEAVES OF THREE POTATO CULTIVARS

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Jansson ◽  
Z. Smilowitz
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Vertical Leaf ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproductive Life

AbstractThe influence of potato cultivar (Solanum tuberosum tuberosum (L.) cvs. Katahdin (long-season), Norchip (mid-season), and Superior (short-season)) and vertical leaf position on certain life statistics of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), were assessed in a glasshouse environment. Aphids were caged on upper and lower leaves of each cultivar. Developmental time requirements for pre-reproductive life stages were similar among cultivars and between leaf positions. Longevity was similar among cultivars within leaf position. However, aphids survived 62.3, 53.6, and longer on lower leaves than on upper leaves of Superior, Norchip, and Katahdin (p < 0.05 on Superior and Katahdin). Mean generation time (MGT) was similar among cultivars on upper leaves. On lower leaves, MGT was shorter on Superior than on Katahdin. MGT was 15.2, 6.9, and shorter on lower leaves than on upper leaves of Superior, Norchip, and Katahdin, respectively (p < 0.05 on Superior). Total fecundity and intrinsic rate of increase were greater on the lower leaves of each cultivar.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF CARBOSULFAN ON THE BIOLOGY OF BIRD CHERRY OAT APHID

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ahamd ◽  
Z Hera ◽  
MS Hanif ◽  
AH Syed
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Survival Rate

Aphids are the most commonly occurring, destructive, sap sucking and serious threat to cereal crops especially wheat (Triticum aestivum). Bird Cherry Oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), is one of the most important aphids on T. aestivum which is one of the most consumed food and a source of nutrition in Pakistan. It causes considerable yield loss in wheat. Carbosulfan, a carbamate, is of the most commonly used pesticide against R. padi. The effects of Carbosulfan on generations of R. padi were performed under standard lab conditions by exposing adult aphids to three different concentrations (1.4×10-7 ppm, 1.4×10-10 ppm, 1.4×10-13 ppm) of Carbosulfan (Advantage® EC). Based on the results, all three concentrations noticeably reduced the pre-adult survival rate. 1.4×10-13 significantly extended the development duration of 1st instar, 2nd instar and 3rd instar nymphs. 1.4×10-13 ppm also extended the total pre-adult period and female longevity of R. padi. The total longevity was increased by 1.4×10-10 ppm. However, the fecundity decreased the most at 1.4×10-10 ppm. While the TPRP and APRP increased the most at 1.4×10-13 ppm. In the  life table parameters, both the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (ƛ) decreased at 1.4×10-7 ppm and 1.4×10-10 ppm, as well as the net reproductive rate (R0) also decreased at 1.4×10-7 ppm and 1.4×10-10 ppm, while mean generation time (T) showed increase  at 1.4×10-13 ppm. Thus, at the concentrations of Carbosulfan tested here, there were negative impacts on R. padi fitness and biology by decreased pre-adult survival rate, λ, r, and R0. The concentrations also slowed down the development of some stages and extended T. My results would be helpful in assessing the overall effects of Carbosulfan on R. padi and should be taken into consideration when use Carbosulfan as a seed dressing insecticide for management of R. padi in wheat crop.

scholarly journals Thermal Effects on the Population Parameters and Growth of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Jeong Joon Ahn ◽  
Jum Rae Cho ◽  
Jeong-Hwan Kim ◽  
Bo Yoon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Developmental Rates

The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a cosmopolitan and polyphagous species. An evaluation of A. pisum’s demographic parameters and growth was carried out after rearing aphids on faba bean plants (Vicia faba) under five different temperature conditions (10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C). We analyzed the raw life history data, including developmental time, survival, longevity and reproduction, using an age-stage, two-sex life table to consider variable developmental rates among individuals. The population fluctuation of A. pisum determined the stage-specific population structure and potential population growth under different temperature conditions. A. pisum individuals developed successfully from nymphs to adults at all temperatures in this study. The developmental rate of A. pisum increased as the temperature increased. Our results indicated that A. pisum showed a higher pre-adult mortality, lower total fecundity and a negative intrinsic rate of increase at 30 °C. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (0.30) and finite rate of increase (1.35) were observed at 25 °C. Comparisons of population parameters and their analytical methods between different A. pisum populations from other geographic areas are also discussed.

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