scholarly journals Thermal Effects on the Population Parameters and Growth of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Jeong Joon Ahn ◽  
Jum Rae Cho ◽  
Jeong-Hwan Kim ◽  
Bo Yoon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Developmental Rates

The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a cosmopolitan and polyphagous species. An evaluation of A. pisum’s demographic parameters and growth was carried out after rearing aphids on faba bean plants (Vicia faba) under five different temperature conditions (10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C). We analyzed the raw life history data, including developmental time, survival, longevity and reproduction, using an age-stage, two-sex life table to consider variable developmental rates among individuals. The population fluctuation of A. pisum determined the stage-specific population structure and potential population growth under different temperature conditions. A. pisum individuals developed successfully from nymphs to adults at all temperatures in this study. The developmental rate of A. pisum increased as the temperature increased. Our results indicated that A. pisum showed a higher pre-adult mortality, lower total fecundity and a negative intrinsic rate of increase at 30 °C. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (0.30) and finite rate of increase (1.35) were observed at 25 °C. Comparisons of population parameters and their analytical methods between different A. pisum populations from other geographic areas are also discussed.

scholarly journals Sublethal effects of bifenazate on life history and population parameters of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Ying Li ◽  
Xiao Fan ◽  
Guo Hao Zhang ◽  
YI QING LIU ◽  
HAN QIU CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Sublethal Effect ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

Traditional estimating only by measuring the lethal effect of acaricides may underestimate the total effects of acaricides on the pest mites. In order to investigate the sublethal effect of bifenazate on life history and population parameters of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, the newly emerged females were treated with two lethal concentrations of bifenazate: LC10 (4.92 μg/mL) and LC20 (8.77 μg/mL). Subsequently, the development and fecundity of the progeny generations were observed. Compared to the control, exposure to the 10% lethal concentrations (LC10) and LC20 of bifenazate severely affected the parental generation of T. urticae, including survival rate (reduced 9% and 13%), oviposition period (reduced 77.6% and 83.1%), fecundity per female (decreased 89.2% and 76.9%) and longevity (decreased 79.2% and 83.1%). Besides, the population parameters of the progeny generation from the treated females were also investigated. The results showed that the progeny generation had lower intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ), longer mean generation time (Tc) compared to the control. The results suggested that the sublethal effects of bifenazate on population growth of T. urticae were significant, and the results of this study could be used as a guide for the rational use of bifenazate in the field for better managing pest mites.

scholarly journals A life table analysis to evaluate biological control of banks grass mite using the predatory mite, Galendromus flumenis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ganjisaffar ◽  
Thomas M. Perring
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Banks Grass Mite

The predatory mite, Galendromus flumenis (Chant) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), has shown promising traits for biological control of Banks grass mite, the major pest of date palms in California. In the present study, reproduction and population growth parameters of G. flumenis on Banks grass mite eggs were studied at 34ºC, 50±10% RH and a photoperiod of 16: 8 (L: D) hours. 100 percent of eggs hatched and 63.5 percent of the emerged larvae survived to adulthood. The total immature developmental time was 5.7 and 5.5 days for females and males, respectively. The sex ratio of G. flumenis was 0.70 (females/ females+ males). Mated females laid on average 1.6 eggs per day and 19.9 eggs during their mean ovipositional period of 12.5 days. The net reproductive rate (R0) was 11.5 females/ female/ generation, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.200 females/ female/ day, the finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.222 population multiplication/ day, the mean generation time (T) was 12.2 days, and the doubling time (DT) was 3.5 days. The lower rm value of G. flumenis than that of its prey (0.24–0.48) explains why Banks grass mite escapes control by G. flumenis in field. These results suggest that augmentative release of this predator would offset the lower rm of the predator, thereby contributing to the control of Banks grass mite. Combined with the benefit of early releases determined in companion studies, future field studies with G. flumenis are being planned.

Life table parameters and development of Neoseiulus longispinosus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) reared on citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) at different temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duc Tung ◽  
LUONG THI HUYEN ◽  
DANG HUONG LAN ◽  
CAO VAN CHI ◽  
PATRICK DE CLERCQ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Panonychus Citri ◽  
Citrus Red Mite ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Red Spider Mite ◽  
Neoseiulus Longispinosus

Development time, survival, reproduction, and sex ratio were determined for the predatory mite Neoseiulus longispinosus (Evans) at six constant temperatures (20, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5 and 35 oC) reared on citrus red spider mite Panonychus citri (McGregor). No predatory mite reached adulthood at 35oC. All female and male immature stages of N. longispinosus developed significantly faster as the temperature increased from 20to 30 oC, but development slowed down as the temperature exceeded 30 oC. The mean total developmental time of females was longest at 20 °C (9.73 days), followed by 25oC (5.67 days), 27.5oC (4.46 days), and 32.5 oC (4.55 days) and was shortest at 30oC (3.69 days). The oviposition rate and lifetime fecundity were highest at 27.5 oC (2.80 eggs/female/day and 43.76 eggs/female, respectively) and lowest at 20 oC (0.78 eggs/female/day and 21.64 eggs/female, respectively). However, temperature had no influence on the sex ratio of offspring with the proportion of females ranging from 0.62 to 0.65. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) of N. longispinosus averaged 0.323, 0.303, 0.267, 0.189 and 0.107 females female−1 day−1 at 30, 27.5, 32.5, 25, and 20°C, respectively. These values suggested that the most optimal temperatures for the population growth of N. longispinosus were between 27.5 and 30oC. 

scholarly journals Life Table and Preference Choice of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) for Kidney Bean Plants Treated by Exogenous Calcium

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 838
Author(s):  
Guang Zeng ◽  
Jun-Rui Zhi ◽  
Mao Ye ◽  
Wen Xie ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Exogenous Calcium

Exogenous calcium (Ca) has been used to induce host plant resistance in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, including from thrips attack. The aim of this study was to determine whether exogenously applied Ca affects the performance of Frankliniella occidentalis. We assessed the development time, total longevity, reproduction, and population parameters of F. occidentalis, and its preference choice on Ca-treated or untreated control kidney bean plants under laboratory conditions. The results showed that F. occidentalis fed on Ca-treated leaves had a longer developmental time but lower longevity (female and male) and fecundity than F. occidentalis fed on control leaves. Population parameters, including the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R0), were all found higher in control leaves than in Ca-treated leaves, and the mean generation time (T) was shorter. In preference choices, the number of thrips on control plants was higher than the number of thrips on Ca-treated kidney bean plants. Overall, our results indicated that exogenous Ca pretreatment on kidney bean plants affected the life history and preference choice of F. occidentalis, suggesting Ca might be used as a promising elicitor of inducible plant defense against thrips.

Productivity of Neoseiulus bicaudus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Reared on Natural Prey, Alternative Prey, and Artificial Diet

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Su ◽  
Fang Dong ◽  
Si-min Liu ◽  
Yan-hui Lu ◽  
Jian-ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Alternative Prey ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Natural Prey ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Abstract The predatory mite, Neoseiulus bicaudus (Wainstein), is a potential biological control agent against spider mites and thrips. The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of three diets on the life table of N. bicaudus. The three diets were 1) Tetranychus turkestani (Ugarov & Nikolskii) (Acari: Tetranychidae), the natural prey of N. bicaudus; 2) Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Acari: Acaridae), an alternative prey; and 3) artificial diet primarily consisting of decapsulated shrimp cysts, egg yolk, and honey. The computer simulation was used to project the population growth of N. bicaudus fed on different diets. The preadult developmental time (3.83 d) of N. bicaudus was shortest, and the intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.2782 d−1) and the net reproductive rate (R0 = 18.98 offspring) were highest when reared on the alternative prey Ty. putrescentiae. The total development time (7.37 d) was longest, and the population parameters were the lowest (r = −0.0081 d−1, R0 = 0.85 offspring) when N. bicaudus was reared on artificial diet. The population projection showed that the population of N. bicaudus reared on Ty. putrescentiae could increase fast. Our results showed that the Ty. putrescentiae was the most suitable prey for mass rearing of N. bicaudus. The artificial diet could not support the N. bicaudus population and needs to be improved.

Effects of different almond cultivars on biological and population responses of Schizotetranychus smirnovi (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 962-972
Author(s):  
Zarir Saeidi ◽  
Alireza Nemati ◽  
Elham Riahi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Responses ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Population Growth Parameters

The development, longevity, and reproductive potential of Schizotetranychus smirnovi concerning different almond cultivars including Sefid, Azar, Shokofeh, Shahrood6, Shahrood7, Ferragnes, Shahrood13, Shahrood21, Rabie, Nonpareil, and Mamaei were investigated in the current study. Our results indicated the longest developmental time of females on Shahrood21 (7.35 ± 0.10), while the shortest duration of this parameter was found on Rabie (6.21 ± 0.10) and Nonpareil (5.88 ± 0.17) cultivars. The total mortality ranged from 13.30 to 50.00% on Azar and Shokofeh, respectively. On the majority of cultivars, the highest proportion of mortality among all stages was allocated to larvae which indicated that it was the most sensitive stage. The fecundity of S. smirnovi on Mamaei (34.19 ± 3.60), Sefid (30.50 ± 2.67), and Ferragnes (30.31 ± 3.02) was significantly higher than other cultivars. However, the lowest fecundity (11.21 ± 1.70) was observed on Shokofeh cultivar. Moreover, different cultivars resulted in significant differences in all population growth parameters. Azar had the highest value of both intrinsic rate of increase (r) (0.2675 ± 0.0164) and finite rate of increase (λ) (1.3067 ± 0.0213), whereas the value of these parameters on Shokofeh and Shahrood21 were significantly lower than other cultivars. The mean generation time (T) ranged from 9.51 ± 0.16 on Shahrood7 to 11.69 ± 0.39 d on Shahrood21 cultivar. According to our results, Mamaei, Nonpareil, Rabie, Ferragnes and Azar cultivars were more susceptible, while Shokofeh, Shahrood21, and Shahrood13 seemed to be more tolerant to S. smirnovi.

Effects of host plants on the growth, reproduction, and defense in pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin John Martin ◽  
Zuqing Hu ◽  
Zhiqiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Background: Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) possess a weak immune system, but they can firmly mount immunological responses. However, the influence of different plants on their defense against different microbes remains largely unknown. In addition, no previous research has integrated the growth, reproduction, and defense responses of pea aphids feeding on different plants. Objective: This study aims to investigate the growth, reproduction, and defense responses of pea aphids feeding on different plants. Methods: Pea aphids were cultivated on both Medicago sativa and Vicia faba. Growth and reproduction were evaluated. Additionally, we monitored the survival and microbial loads of pea aphids after bacterial and fungal infections. Results : Pea aphids reared on M. sativa had lower growth, lower intrinsic rate of increase, and lower finite rate of increase when compared to aphids feeding on V. faba. The net reproduction was lower in aphids feeding on M. sativa, although the difference was not significant. The mean time of generation and pre-reproductive periods was longer for aphids reared on M. sativa than for aphids reared on V. faba. In the infection experiments, we found that aphid survival was not affected by the host plant. However, A. pisum reared on M. sativa generally harbored fewer microbial loads than those reared on V. faba. Conclusions: The growth and reproduction of pea aphids are affected by the host plant. Aphids feeding on different plants had different tolerances to microbial infections. Our study sheds light on improving biological control programs for aphids.

REPRODUCTION AND POPULATION GROWTH OF THE PEA APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY AND FIELD CONDITIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Campbell ◽  
M. Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Total Fecundity

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the age-specific fecundity and the survival of apterous and alate virginoparous pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), from Kamloops, B.C., was measured. Demographic statistics were estimated for 10.3°, 14.8°, 19.7°, 26.1°, and 27.8°C constant and for fluctuating field temperatures. On a 24-h-day time-scale, temperature and longevity were inversely related in both morphs; total fecundity was highest at average and low constant temperatures. On a physiological time-scale, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was insensitive to changes in constant temperature in the range between 10° and 20°C; temperatures above 25°C were detrimental to aphid population growth and survival. Alate virginoparae generally had a longer pre-reproductive period and achieved a lower mean total fecundity than apterae maintained under identical conditions. The usefulness of laboratory measurements for the prediction of population growth under variable field temperatures is discussed. Differences in the reproductive patterns of alate and apterous pea aphids are considered in the context of the r- and K-hypothesis of selection.

scholarly journals Nine-year demography of the black-eared opossum Didelphis aurita (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) using life tables

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Kajin ◽  
Rui Cerqueira ◽  
Marcus V. Vieira ◽  
Rosana Gentile
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Residual Reproductive Value ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Didelphis Aurita

A population of the black-eared opossum, Didelphis aurita Wied-Neuwied 1826, was studied during 1997-2006 by capture-mark-recapture in the Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Cohorts were established with females marked still in the pouch, classified into five age classes. Population parameters were estimated using life tables. Survival was type III and mortality was greatest in age classes I and II, just after weaning. Fecundity was inversely correlated with survival, reproductive value was inversely correlated with mortality and residual reproductive value was inversely correlated with fecundity. The intrinsic rate of increase was always close to zero and tended to be slightly negative. The black-eared opossum can be considered a good model species for this type of study.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Bt-Transgenic Cotton and the Whitefly’s Parasitoid, Encarsia Formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solmaz Azimi ◽  
Shima Rahmani ◽  
Masoud Tohidfar ◽  
Ahmad Ashouri ◽  
Alireza Bandani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Encarsia Formosa ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Transgenic Bt cotton developed against lepidopteran pests may not be compatible with parasitoid of secondary pests such as Bemisia tabaci which attack many plants such as cotton. In this study, the effects of Bt cotton on the demographic parameters of Encarsia formosa, parasitoid of B. tabaci were assessed. The data were analysed using the age specific, two-sex life table parameters. The results indicated that pre-adult developmental time, the total preoviposition period (TPOP) and the adult preoviposition period (APOP) in the Bt cotton were significantly longer than in the non-Bt cotton. Also, fecundity and body size in both lines were significantly different. The fecundity was 23.64±0.73 and 43.75±0.89 eggs/females in the Bt and non-Bt cotton, respectively. All the population parameters were affected by the Bt cotton. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.15 day-1 in the non-Bt cotton but it was 0.10 day-1 in the Bt cotton. The finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.11 day-1 in the non-Bt cotton whilst it was 1.08 in the Bt cotton. The net reproductive rate (R0) in the non-Bt cotton was 36.75 but in the Bt cotton these parameters showed 19.62 offspring/individual. Also, the mean generation time (T ) in the non-Bt and Bt cotton was 22.69 and 27.79 days, respectively. The results illustrated, that although transgenic crops are effective tools for management of the target pests, they can adversely affect, either directly or indirectly, the natural enemies dependent on these plants.

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