Effects of host plants on the growth, reproduction, and defense in pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin John Martin ◽  
Zuqing Hu ◽  
Zhiqiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Background: Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) possess a weak immune system, but they can firmly mount immunological responses. However, the influence of different plants on their defense against different microbes remains largely unknown. In addition, no previous research has integrated the growth, reproduction, and defense responses of pea aphids feeding on different plants. Objective: This study aims to investigate the growth, reproduction, and defense responses of pea aphids feeding on different plants. Methods: Pea aphids were cultivated on both Medicago sativa and Vicia faba. Growth and reproduction were evaluated. Additionally, we monitored the survival and microbial loads of pea aphids after bacterial and fungal infections. Results : Pea aphids reared on M. sativa had lower growth, lower intrinsic rate of increase, and lower finite rate of increase when compared to aphids feeding on V. faba. The net reproduction was lower in aphids feeding on M. sativa, although the difference was not significant. The mean time of generation and pre-reproductive periods was longer for aphids reared on M. sativa than for aphids reared on V. faba. In the infection experiments, we found that aphid survival was not affected by the host plant. However, A. pisum reared on M. sativa generally harbored fewer microbial loads than those reared on V. faba. Conclusions: The growth and reproduction of pea aphids are affected by the host plant. Aphids feeding on different plants had different tolerances to microbial infections. Our study sheds light on improving biological control programs for aphids.

INTRINSIC RATE OF INCREASE AND TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS OF THE APHID PARASITE EPHEDRUS CALIFORNICUS BAKER (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Cohen ◽  
M. Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Aphid Parasite ◽  
Lower Temperature Threshold ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractThe demographic statistics and the temperature requirements for development of Ephedrus californicus Baker were determined under constant laboratory conditions. At 23 °C, females provided each day with forty 2nd-instar pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), lived for 13.4 days and laid 1193 eggs on average; the highest fecundity of any female was 1762 eggs. For an assumed population sex ratio of 1:1 males to females, the intrinsic rate of increase, r, was 0.371 females·female−1·day−1 when all eggs laid were counted. The lower temperature threshold for development, t, was estimated as 6.83 °C, and the time-to-adult, K, as 228.9 degree-days. The potential use of E. californicus in the biological control of the lupine aphid, Macrosiphum albifrons Essig, in England is considered.

REPRODUCTION AND POPULATION GROWTH OF THE PEA APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY AND FIELD CONDITIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Campbell ◽  
M. Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Total Fecundity

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the age-specific fecundity and the survival of apterous and alate virginoparous pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), from Kamloops, B.C., was measured. Demographic statistics were estimated for 10.3°, 14.8°, 19.7°, 26.1°, and 27.8°C constant and for fluctuating field temperatures. On a 24-h-day time-scale, temperature and longevity were inversely related in both morphs; total fecundity was highest at average and low constant temperatures. On a physiological time-scale, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was insensitive to changes in constant temperature in the range between 10° and 20°C; temperatures above 25°C were detrimental to aphid population growth and survival. Alate virginoparae generally had a longer pre-reproductive period and achieved a lower mean total fecundity than apterae maintained under identical conditions. The usefulness of laboratory measurements for the prediction of population growth under variable field temperatures is discussed. Differences in the reproductive patterns of alate and apterous pea aphids are considered in the context of the r- and K-hypothesis of selection.

Seed treatments with thiamine reduce the performance of generalist and specialist aphids on crop plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Hamada ◽  
J. Fatehi ◽  
L.M.V. Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractThiamine is a vitamin that has been shown to act as a trigger to activate plant defence and reduce pathogen and nematode infection as well as aphid settling and reproduction. We have here investigated whether thiamine treatments of seeds (i.e. seed dressing) would increase plant resistance against aphids and whether this would have different effects on a generalist than on specialist aphids. Seeds of wheat, barley, oat and pea were treated with thiamine alone or in combination with the biocontrol bacteriaPseudomonas chlororaphisMA 342 (MA 342). Plants were grown in climate chambers. The effects of seed treatment on fecundity, host acceptance and life span were studied on specialist aphids bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padiL.) and pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisumHarris) and on the generalist green peach aphid (Myzus persicae, Sulzer). Thiamine seed treatments reduced reproduction and host acceptance of all three aphid species. The number of days to reproduction, the length of the reproductive life, the fecundity and the intrinsic rate of increase were found reduced for bird cherry-oat aphid after thiamine treatment of the cereal seeds. MA 342 did not have any effect in any of the plant-aphid combinations, except a weak decrease of pea aphid reproduction on pea. The results show that there are no differential effects of either thiamine or MA 342 seed treatments on specialist and generalist aphids and suggest that seed treatments with thiamine has a potential in aphid pest management.

scholarly journals Fight or Flight? Alternative Defense of the Pea Aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum on Different Host Plants

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Martin John Martin ◽  
Yueming Li ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Yi Feng ◽  
Zhiqiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Broad Beans ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Fecundity Compensation

Non-immunological responses are important alternative strategies for animals to deal with pathogens. It has long been recognized that fecundity compensation and production of winged offspring are two common non-immunological responses used by aphids when confronted with predators or pathogens. However, the effects of host plant on these responses have received little attention. This study investigated the effects of host plant on non-immunological defense in the pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, after bacterial and fungal infections. The aphids were raised in two groups, with one group being raised on broad beans and the other group being raised on alfalfa. The secondary symbiont background was examined, and the aphids were then infected with bacteria and fungus to assess fecundity and winged offspring production. We found that aphids that had been fed alfalfa had fewer offspring than those fed broad beans. Alfalfa-fed aphids produced more winged offspring in response to S. aureus and B. bassiana infections. Our findings suggest that the host plant plays a key role in fecundity and winged offspring production in pea aphid colony.

scholarly journals Thermal Effects on the Population Parameters and Growth of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Jeong Joon Ahn ◽  
Jum Rae Cho ◽  
Jeong-Hwan Kim ◽  
Bo Yoon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Developmental Rates

The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a cosmopolitan and polyphagous species. An evaluation of A. pisum’s demographic parameters and growth was carried out after rearing aphids on faba bean plants (Vicia faba) under five different temperature conditions (10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C). We analyzed the raw life history data, including developmental time, survival, longevity and reproduction, using an age-stage, two-sex life table to consider variable developmental rates among individuals. The population fluctuation of A. pisum determined the stage-specific population structure and potential population growth under different temperature conditions. A. pisum individuals developed successfully from nymphs to adults at all temperatures in this study. The developmental rate of A. pisum increased as the temperature increased. Our results indicated that A. pisum showed a higher pre-adult mortality, lower total fecundity and a negative intrinsic rate of increase at 30 °C. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (0.30) and finite rate of increase (1.35) were observed at 25 °C. Comparisons of population parameters and their analytical methods between different A. pisum populations from other geographic areas are also discussed.

THE EFFECT OF PARASITISM BY APHIDIUS SMITHI (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE) ON REPRODUCTION AND POPULATION GROWTH OF THE PEA APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 919-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Campbell ◽  
M. Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Total Fecundity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractParasitism by Aphidius smithi reduced the fecundity and population growth of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Aphids that were parasitized during the first or second instar period died as fourth instars without producing offspring. Parasitized third or fourth instars usually reached maturity and produced a variable number of progeny. Parasitized adult aphids stopped producing nymphs approximately 7 to 8 days following attack by A. smithi. Equations are given for the relationship between the mean total fecundity, the intrinsic rate of increase, and the doubling time of apterous and alate viviparous pea aphid and the aphid age at the beginning of parasitism.

QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF APHIDIUS SMITHI (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE): FECUNDITY, INTRINSIC RATE OF INCREASE, AND FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractThe reproductive and demographic statistics of Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao parasitizing third-instar pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, were determined under constant laboratory conditions. At host densities of 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 or 100 aphids/day, the parasite lived an average of 7 days at 20.5 °C. At host densities of ≤20 aphids/day, the total number of eggs laid and the total number of hosts attacked were limited by the numbers of hosts available. Fecundity was highest with an average of 870 eggs/female at density 100; the maximum number of eggs laid by any female was 1770. Superparasitism was common at all densities, resulting in up to 84% (at density 5) of all eggs being wasted. The relationship between host density and the number of aphids attacked per egg laid was linear for densities of ≥20 aphids/day. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) varied with the host density. It reached maximum value at density 100, calculated as 0.358 female/female/day and assuming an overall sex ratio of 1:1 males:females. Regression equations describing r as a function of host density and parasite sex ratio are provided. It is shown that the potential rate of increase of A. smithi exceeds that of the pea aphid over a broad range of average conditions. The parasite's functional response was convex (Holling type II) and decelerated with increasing density. The intrinsic attack rate (a′) and handling time (Th) were estimated from the functional response curve as a′ = 6.62 days−1 and Th = 0.0033 day (4.7 min). The ‘random parasite’ equation satisfactorily predicted the number of aphids attacked at each density.

Influence of temperature on the development and reproduction of Cinara cedri (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Lachninae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yingchao Ji ◽  
Guohua Li ◽  
Chenggang Zhou ◽  
Shuyan Yin
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Development Duration

Abstract Temperature is one of the main factors affecting insect growth, development and reproduction. The effects of temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C) on the development and reproduction of Cinara cedri Mimeur (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Lachnidae) fed on Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don were evaluated in this study. With the increase of temperature from 10 to 30°C, the development duration at different development stages gradually shortened. There was a significant positive correlation between the developmental rates and temperature, following a quadratic regression model. The lower developmental threshold temperature (C) and effective accumulated temperatures (K) for completing a generation were 4.13°C and 263.4 degree-days, respectively. The highest fecundity was observed at 20°C with 25.74 first-instar nymphs/female. Both the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r, 0.11 ± 0.03) and net reproduction rate (R0, 19.06 ± 2.05) were observed at 20°C, whereas the lowest values of r (0.05 ± 0.01) at 10°C and R0 (5.78 ± 0.88) at 30°C were observed. The results suggest that temperature significantly affects the biology of C. cedri and the optimal temperature for its development is 20°C.

Ambient Humidity Affects Development, Survival, and Reproduction of the Invasive Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limei He ◽  
Shengyuan Zhao ◽  
Abid Ali ◽  
Shishuai Ge ◽  
Kongming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Ambient Humidity ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Forecasting ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Net Reproduction

Abstract Ambient humidity can directly affect the water balance in insects. The migratory fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, has spread to more than 60 countries and regions in Africa, Asia, and Oceania that have a great difference in average ambient humidity. Understanding the effects of ambient humidity changes on its development, survival, and reproduction can help to predict its population dynamics in different habitats. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of atmospheric relative humidity (RH) on the development, survival, and reproduction and soil moisture on the pupation and emergence of fall armyworm. As a result, survival and pupal mass increased significantly with increasing RH. Among the five RHs tested, 80% RH was the most suitable for fall armyworm with the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproduction rate (R0). The population growth at the different RHs in decreasing order was 80 > 100 > 60 > 40 > 20%. A relative moisture (RM) of soil from 6.80 to 47.59% was suitable for fall armyworm pupation, survival, and eclosion, but fall armyworm could not pupate normally in soil with 88.39 and 95.19% RM. The survival and emergence rate of fall armyworm pupae were reduced by irrigation that increased the RM after the mature larvae entered the soil. These findings may be helpful for refining laboratory rearing protocols, population forecasting, and management of fall armyworm.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document