Unusual host selection in Amblycerus dispar larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) and its potential impact on stored almonds (Prunus dulcis)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Federico A. Agrain ◽  
Santiago Hernández Del Pino ◽  
Guillermo P. López-García ◽  
Sergio Roig-Juñent
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Host Shifts ◽  
Risk Monitoring ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Main Host ◽  
The Usa

Abstract We present the first report of Amblycerus dispar (Sharp) attacking stored almonds [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb] in Argentina. A summarized diagnosis, illustrations, and photographs of the adult and mature larva are provided to facilitate identification. We performed species distribution models for A. dispar and its main host plant Geoffroea decorticans (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Burkart. We include A. dispar into a previous morphological character matrix and conduct a phylogenetic analysis to infer its phylogenetic position. The evolution of host plant associations of the genus Amblycerus is herein re-analyzed. A. dispar and its main host shows high suitability areas especially in central-west Argentina and Chile, whereas for the USA, high suitability areas were found for the south-western which include the area of almond production in this country. Although the presence of A. dispar in the USA region is very unlikely, we recommend some awareness as other bruchines are present in the area. Although A. dispar is unlikely to become an economically important risk, monitoring for early detection is recommended to avoid productivity loss, especially when the native host is nearby cultivated areas. A. dispar is hypothesized to be the sister species of A. schwarzi Kingsolver. The colonization of a Rosaceae species is a novelty for this genus, being host shifts known as an important factor affecting both natural and agricultural systems.

scholarly journals Host shifts and evolutionary radiations of butterflies

2010 ◽  
Vol 277 (1701) ◽  
pp. 3735-3743 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Fordyce
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Shift ◽  
Diversification Rate ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Host Shifts ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Significant Acceleration ◽  
History Of

Ehrlich and Raven proposed a model of coevolution where major host plant shifts of butterflies facilitate a burst of diversification driven by their arrival to a new adaptive zone. One prediction of this model is that reconstructions of historical diversification of butterflies should indicate an increase in diversification rate following major host shifts. Using reconstructed histories of 15 butterfly groups, I tested this prediction and found general agreement with Ehrlich and Raven's model. Butterfly lineages with an inferred major historical host shift showed evidence of diversification rate variation, with a significant acceleration following the host shift. Lineages without an inferred major host shift generally agreed with a constant-rate model of diversification. These results are consistent with the view that host plant associations have played a profound role in the evolutionary history of butterflies, and show that major shifts to chemically distinct plant groups leave a historical footprint that remains detectable today.

scholarly journals DNA barcoding insect–host plant associations

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1657) ◽  
pp. 639-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A Jurado-Rivera ◽  
Alfried P Vogler ◽  
Chris A.M Reid ◽  
Eduard Petitpierre ◽  
Jesús Gómez-Zurita
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Host Association ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Host Shifts ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Plant Families

Short-sequence fragments (‘DNA barcodes’) used widely for plant identification and inventorying remain to be applied to complex biological problems. Host–herbivore interactions are fundamental to coevolutionary relationships of a large proportion of species on the Earth, but their study is frequently hampered by limited or unreliable host records. Here we demonstrate that DNA barcodes can greatly improve this situation as they (i) provide a secure identification of host plant species and (ii) establish the authenticity of the trophic association. Host plants of leaf beetles (subfamily Chrysomelinae) from Australia were identified using the chloroplast trnL (UAA) intron as barcode amplified from beetle DNA extracts. Sequence similarity and phylogenetic analyses provided precise identifications of each host species at tribal, generic and specific levels, depending on the available database coverage in various plant lineages. The 76 species of Chrysomelinae included—more than 10 per cent of the known Australian fauna—feed on 13 plant families, with preference for Australian radiations of Myrtaceae (eucalypts) and Fabaceae (acacias). Phylogenetic analysis of beetles shows general conservation of host association but with rare host shifts between distant plant lineages, including a few cases where barcodes supported two phylogenetically distant host plants. The study demonstrates that plant barcoding is already feasible with the current publicly available data. By sequencing plant barcodes directly from DNA extractions made from herbivorous beetles, strong physical evidence for the host association is provided. Thus, molecular identification using short DNA fragments brings together the detection of species and the analysis of their interactions.

scholarly journals Hidden Host Plant Associations of Soilborne Fungal Pathogens: An Ecological Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 538-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenna M. Malcolm ◽  
Gretchen A. Kuldau ◽  
Beth K. Gugino ◽  
María del Mar Jiménez-Gasco
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Nonhost Plant ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Forest Plants

Much of the current knowledge on population biology and ecology of soilborne fungal pathogens has been derived from research based on populations recovered from plants displaying disease symptoms or soil associated with symptomatic plants. Many soilborne fungal pathogens are known to cause disease on a large number of crop plants, including a variety of important agronomical, horticultural, ornamental, and forest plants species. For instance, the fungus Verticillium dahliae causes disease on >400 host plants. From a phytopathological perspective, plants on which disease symptoms have not been yet observed are considered to be nonhosts for V. dahliae. This term may be misleading because it does not provide information regarding the nature of the plant–fungus association; that is, a nonhost plant may harbor the fungus as an endophyte. Yet, there are numerous instances in the literature where V. dahliae has been isolated from asymptomatic plants; thus, these plants should be considered hosts. In this article, we synthesize scattered research that indicates that V. dahliae, aside from being a successful and significant vascular plant pathogen, may have a cryptic biology on numerous asymptomatic plants as an endophyte. Thus, we suggest here that these endophytic associations among V. dahliae and asymptomatic plants are not unusual relationships in nature. We propose to embrace the broader ecology of many fungi by differentiating between “symptomatic hosts” as those plants in which the infection and colonization by a fungus results in disease, and “asymptomatic hosts” as those plants that harbor the fungus endophytically and are different than true nonhosts that should be used for plant species that do not interact with the given fungus. In fact, if we broaden our definition of “host plant” to include asymptomatic plants that harbor the fungus as an endophyte, it is likely that the host ranges for some soilborne fungal pathogens are much larger than previously envisioned. By ignoring the potential for soilborne fungal pathogens to display endophytic relationships, we leave gaps in our knowledge about the population biology and ecology, persistence, and spread of these fungi in agroecosystems.

An updated checklist of Iranian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4344 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAJID FALLAHZADEH ◽  
GEORGE JAPOSHVILI
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Palaearctic Region ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Ooencyrtus Kuvanae ◽  
Current List ◽  
Host Associations

An updated checklist of Iranian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) is presented based on literature records from 1947–2016. The current list includes 159 species representing 48 genera. Parasitoid-host associations in Iran and distributional data are also provided. Twelve encyrtid species (7.55%) are known only from Iran but a high number of species (68 species, 42.77%) are widely distributed in the Palaearctic region. Four species previously listed from Iran, Metaphycus angustifrons Compere, 1957, Homalotylus ephippium (Ruschka, 1923), H. sinensis Xu & He, 1997, and Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Howard, 1910) are no longer considered present. Hosts of Iranian encyrtid species are tabulated by order and family, with the majority being Hemiptera (66.98%), followed by Lepidoptera and Coleoptera (each 9.44%), Diptera (6.60%), Hymenoptera (4.71%) and Neuroptera (2.83%). The majority of Encyrtidae known in Iran are parasitoids of the superfamily Coccoidea (46.22%). Host-plant associations of Iranian Encyrtidae are also tabulated, by plant family. 

Drosophila sonorae (Diptera, Drosophilidae), a new species in the repleta species group from Mexico

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1725 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM B. HEED ◽  
SERGIO CASTREZANA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
A New Species

We describe a new species, D. sonorae Heed and Castrezana from Sonora, Mexico in the repleta species group of Drosophila (Drosophilidae, Diptera). This species is morphologically similar to other members of the newly established D. longicornis complex, and the well-established D. longicornis cluster. Host plant associations, biogeography, and distributions of species in both the longicornis and mulleri species complexes are discussed here.

A synopsis of the bryocorine tribes (Heteroptera : Miridae : Bryocorinae): key, diagnoses, hosts and distributional patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedor V. Konstantinov ◽  
Anna A. Namyatova ◽  
Gerasimos Cassis
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Morphological Heterogeneity ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Five Tribes

The higher classification of the mirid subfamily Bryocorinae has received comparatively little attention. It is not highly species-rich in comparison with other mirid subfamilies but does exhibit extraordinary morphological heterogeneity. In this work we provide a synthesis of the subfamily on a global basis, providing a new key and updated diagnoses of supraspecific taxa. Five tribes are recognised: Bryocorini, Dicyphini, Eccritotarsini, Felisacini and Monaloniini. The genus Campyloneura Fieber is transferred from the tribe Dicyphini to the Eccritotarsini. Analysis of distributional patterns and a survey of host plant associations are provided. Available data on distribution of the main bryocorine lineages are summarised in tabular form and evaluated using UPGMA methods, and geographically structured patterns were detected. The synthesis will enable users to identify bryocorines to tribal level with confidence and provides a classificatory framework for future revisionary and phylogenetic studies.

scholarly journals Identification and host-plant associations of Australian Sericothripinae (Thysanoptera, Thripidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1983 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURENCE A. MOUND ◽  
DESLEY TREE
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Species ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Complex Surface ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Weed Biological Control ◽  
European Species ◽  
Plant Associations

The Sericothripinae is a largely tropical group of about 140 species that are often strikingly bicoloured and have complex surface sculpture, but for which the biology is poorly known. Although 15 genera have been described in this subfamily, only three of these are currently recognised, with five new generic synonymies indicated here. In Australia, Sericothrips Haliday is introduced, with one European species deployed as a weed biological control agent. Hydatothrips Karny comprises 43 species worldwide, with six species found in Australia, of which two are shared with Southeast Asia, and four are associated with the native vine genus, Parsonsia. Neohydatothrips John comprises 96 species worldwide, with nine species in Australia, of which one is shared with Southeast Asia and two are presumably introduced from the Americas. Illustrated keys are provided to the three genera and 16 species from Australia, including six new species [Hydatothrips aliceae; H. bhattii; H. williamsi; Neohydatothrips barrowi, N. bellissi, N. katherinae]. One new specific synonym is recognised [Hydatothrips haschemi Girault (=H. palawanensis Kudo)], also four new generic synonyms [Neohydatothrips John (=Faureana Bhatti; Onihothrips Bhatti; Sariathrips Bhatti; Papiliothrips Bhatti); Sericothrips Haliday (=Susserico- thrips Han)].

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