Comparative evaluation of Cotesia flavipes and C. sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for the management of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Kenya

AbstractCotesia flavipes Cameron, a gregarious larval endoparasitoid native to the Indo-Australian region, was imported from Pakistan and released in Kenya in 1993 for management of the exotic stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Recent reports confirmed the successful establishment of the parasitoid in three locations in Kenya and in northern Tanzania. Functional response studies on this parasitoid and an indigenous congener, Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron), indicated that C. flavipes had a higher searching ability and attacked more larvae when Chilo partellus was the host. When a native stemborer, Sesamia calamistis Hampson, was the host, there was no significant difference between numbers attacked by both parasitoids. Numerical response studies showed that Cotesia flavipes produced more total progeny and female progeny per female parasitoid on Chilo partellus than did Cotesia sesamiae. No significant difference in progeny production was detected between the two parasitoids on S. calamistis. Functional and numerical responses tested in the laboratory gave the same ranking of the two parasitoids on the two hosts as in the field. This study suggests that Cotesia flavipes is a more efficient parasitoid and it is anticipated that it will contribute to the control of both exotic and native stemborers in Kenya.

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Growth, Development and Innate Capacity for Increase in Aphytis Chrysomphali Mercet and A. Melinus Debach, Parasites of California Red Scale, Aonidiella Aurantii (Mask.), In Relation to Temperature.

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo9740213 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 213 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

I Abdelrahman

Keyword(s):

Negative Relationship ◽

Differential Mortality ◽

Female Progeny ◽

Annual Fluctuation ◽

Adaptation To Cold ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Total Progeny ◽

Searching Ability ◽

Pupal Mortality ◽

Threshold Of Development

A, melinus produced more female progeny and more than twice as many total progeny as A. chrysomphali; it also destroyed almost twice as many hosts through oviposition and mutiliation. A. chrysomphali had a longer post-oviposition period than A. melinus, especially at 30�C. The proportion of single progeny in a host was higher for A, chrysomphali than for A. melinus at all temperatures, and was related to temperature positively in A. chrysomphali and inversely in A. melinus. Large old female A. melinus produced only males at the end of their lives; they did not mate at that stage when offered males, not because they were aged but because they mate only once in their lives. As temperature decreased, female A. melznus ceased producing females earlier, probably because temperature affected either longevity of sperms or the mechanism controlling their release. Differential mortality, temperature, and age of mothers all influenced sex ratio. Pupal mortality was inversely related to temperature within the observed range 20-30�C; in female pupae of A. chrysomphali it was lower than that in either female or male pupae of A. melinus; it was higher in male than female pupae in A. melinus. A. melinus lived longer than A. chrysomphali at all temperatures. Duration of development was longer for A. chrysomphali than for A. melinus at 30�C, but shorter at 20 and 25�C. The threshold of development was 8.5C for A. chrysomphali and 11C for A. melinus. A. chrysomphali had a higher rm at 20 and 25�C than A. melinus, but much lower at 30�C. The highest rate of increase was at > 30�C for A. melinus, and at about 25�C for A. chrysomphali. The rm of the parasites was 3.1-5.0 times that of red scale, depending on parasite species and temperature. A. chrysomphali is smaller than A. melinus, and from the positive relationship between adaptation to cold and speed of development, and the negative relationship between speed of development and size, a negative relationship between size and adaptation to cold within Aphytis spp. may be postulated. A. chrysomphali is more adapted to cold and less to heat than A. melinus. This explains the seasonal and annual fluctuation in their relative abundance in southern Australia. The species would complement each other in controlling red scale; from the data presented here it is possible that Aphytis spp. in Australia may have evolved into more efficient control agents of red scale than elsewhere. Knowledge on the searching ability of Aphytis at different host densities is wanting.

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Influence of intercropping on the abundance, distribution and parasitism of Chilo spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300041377 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 87 (5) ◽

pp. 507-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

P. Päts ◽

B. Ekbom ◽

H. Skovgård

Keyword(s):

East Africa ◽

Chilo Partellus ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Plant Density ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Positive Density ◽

Abundance Distribution ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Egg Parasitism ◽

Lepidoptera Pyralidae

AbstractTwo of the most common and serious pests of maize and sorghum in the coastal areas of East Africa are the pyralid species, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and C. orichalcociliellus (Strand). Maize monocrop (with high and low plant density) and maize/cowpea mixed intercrop field experiments were conducted in Kenya to test if intercropping decreased the number of egg batches laid, altered the distribution of the egg batches and influenced egg parasitism. There was no significant difference in the number of egg batches per plant between treatments and the egg batches were randomly distributed on and among plants in most of the plots for all three treatments. There was a tendency for higher egg parasitism in the intercrop. The proportion of eggs parasitized was significantly correlated with total number of eggs per plot suggesting a positive density dependent response. It is concluded that intercropping does not affect C. partellus nor C. orichalcociliellus oviposition behaviour but egg parasitism is likely to be augmented.

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Suitability of Chilo partellus, sesamia calamistis andbusseola fusca for the development of cotesia flavipes in Ethiopia: Implication for biological control

Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.4314/ejbs.v4i2.39018 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

E Getu

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Chilo Partellus ◽

Busseola Fusca ◽

Sesamia Calamistis ◽

Cotesia Flavipes

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Evidence of the establishment of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of cereal stemborers, and its host range expansion in Ethiopia

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1079/ber2003226 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 125-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

E. Getu ◽

W. A Overholt ◽

E. Kairu ◽

C.O. Omwega

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Chilo Partellus ◽

Range Expansion ◽

Busseola Fusca ◽

Sesamia Calamistis ◽

Cotesia Flavipes ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Host Range Expansion ◽

Percent Parasitism ◽

Grass Hosts

AbstractThree lepidopteran cereal stemborers, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Crambidae), Busseola fusca Fuller, and Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Noctuidae) were collected from maize and sorghum in Ethiopia. The noctuid stemborers are indigenous to Africa while C. partellus is an introduced species from Asia. In 1999, the Asian stemborer parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Braconidae) was found to be widespread in Ethiopia, even though it had never been released in the country. In addition to attacking Chilo partellus, Cotesia flavipes was reared from B. fusca and S. calamistis. The origin of C. flavipes in Ethiopia may have been Somalia where it was released in 1997 near the border with eastern Ethiopia. Percent parasitism of borers by C. flavipes was higher in eastern Ethiopia than other surveyed regions, and parasitism was higher in 2000 than 1999. Parasitism was higher when cereals were intercropped with other plants and when wild grass hosts of stemborers were present.

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Resistência de genótipos de sorgo a Contarinia sorghicola (Coq.) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) e Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) e influência sobre parasitóides

Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil ◽

10.1590/s0301-80591997000200015 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 327-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fernando M. Lara ◽

Mauro R. D. A. Foss ◽

Arlindo L. Boiça Jr. ◽

José G. Trigo

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Cotesia Flavipes ◽

Contarinia Sorghicola ◽

Diatraea Saccharalis ◽

Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Avaliou-se a resistência de genótipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) a Contarinia sorghicola (Coq.) e Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.) e sua influência sobre parasitóides. Foram realizados ensaios em duas épocas de plantio, anotando-se o número de insetos (pragas e parasitóides) e calculando-se a percentagem de parasitismo. O genótipo AF-28 destacou-se como o mais resistente às duas espécies pragas, ocorrendo o inverso com o TX-2567; as maiores percentagens de parasitismo de C. sorghicola por Tetrastichus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) ocorreram em BR-501 (36,7%) e AF-28 (20,0%); as maiores percentagens de parasitismo de D. saccharalis por Cotesia flavipes (Cam.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) foram observadas em BR-601 e 3DX-57 (50 e 40%).

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Chilo partellus. [Distribution map].

Distribution Maps of Plant Pests ◽

10.1079/dmpp/20046600184 ◽

1989 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Chilo Partellus ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Andhra Pradesh ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Stem Borer ◽

Distribution Map ◽

Job’S Tears ◽

Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽

New Distribution ◽

Comoro Islands

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Lepidoptera: Pyralidae (spotted stem borer). Attacks Sorghum, maize, millet, rice, sugarcane, Job's tears and many grasses. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Botswana, Cameroon, Comoro Islands, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Réunion, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Asia, Afghanistan, Cambodia, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Yemen, Benin, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Japan, Taiwan.

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Status and control of the Stem Borer, Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Southern Africa

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science ◽

10.1017/s1742758400021056 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 11 (4-5) ◽

pp. 479-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Z. Sithole

Keyword(s):

Chilo Partellus ◽

Southern Africa ◽

Stem Borer ◽

Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽

And Control

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Resistance in maize to Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Role of stalk damage parameters and biological control

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/s0261-2194(96)00107-x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 375-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Harish Kumar

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Chilo Partellus ◽

Lepidoptera Pyralidae

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Estimation of genetic parameters in beef cattle from records of performance

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9750731 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 15 (77) ◽

pp. 731 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K Baharin ◽

RG Beilharz

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

The Other ◽

Female Progeny ◽

Intra Class Correlation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Heritability Estimates ◽

The Individual ◽

Estimation Of Genetic Parameters ◽

Calving Performance

An analysis of the growth and calving performance from a crossbreeding program involving four breeds of sires (Angus, Hereford, Friesian and Shorthorn) mated to three breeds of purebred dams (Angus, Hereford and Shorthorn) and three types of crossbred heifers (Angus x Hereford, Friesian x Angus and Friesian x Hereford) during the 1971 and 1972 calving seasons is presented. The performance of the individual breeds of dams and sires were evaluated from the size and growth rate of their progeny at birth, to weaning and post-weaning, as well as from the performance of the dams at calving measured in terms of incidence of difficult calving, percentage of calves dead at birth and twinning rate. Heritability estimates calculated from intra-class correlation of paternal half-sibs were compared from records obtained from purebred calves and from crossbred calves. Crossbred calves were heavier than the purebred calves at birth and grew faster between birth and weaning. After weaning, crossbred heifers grew significantly faster than the purebreds but no significant difference was observed among the steers. There was no significant difference in performance of crossbred calves produced by the purebred and crossbred dams. Calves from the Friesian sires and Friesian cross dams were heavier at birth than calves produced by the other three breeds of beef sires or the beef crossbred dams and they grew faster to weaning. Between weaning and yearling age both the crossbred steers and heifers from the Friesian sires continued to surpass the performance of the beef breeds of sires but there were no significant differences in the performance of three-breed-cross calves of the Friesian cross dams and the Angus x Hereford dams. Heritability estimates of growth rates calculated from data on the performance of the crossbred progeny generally were lower than those calculated from data of the purebred progeny. Higher estimates of heritability were obtained from the data of female progeny than from male progeny for birth weight but the trend was reversed for growth rates between birth to weaning and from weaning to yearling age.

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