Estimation of genetic parameters in beef cattle from records of performance

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (77) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Baharin ◽  
RG Beilharz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Estimation Of Genetic Parameters ◽  
Calving Performance

An analysis of the growth and calving performance from a crossbreeding program involving four breeds of sires (Angus, Hereford, Friesian and Shorthorn) mated to three breeds of purebred dams (Angus, Hereford and Shorthorn) and three types of crossbred heifers (Angus x Hereford, Friesian x Angus and Friesian x Hereford) during the 1971 and 1972 calving seasons is presented. The performance of the individual breeds of dams and sires were evaluated from the size and growth rate of their progeny at birth, to weaning and post-weaning, as well as from the performance of the dams at calving measured in terms of incidence of difficult calving, percentage of calves dead at birth and twinning rate. Heritability estimates calculated from intra-class correlation of paternal half-sibs were compared from records obtained from purebred calves and from crossbred calves. Crossbred calves were heavier than the purebred calves at birth and grew faster between birth and weaning. After weaning, crossbred heifers grew significantly faster than the purebreds but no significant difference was observed among the steers. There was no significant difference in performance of crossbred calves produced by the purebred and crossbred dams. Calves from the Friesian sires and Friesian cross dams were heavier at birth than calves produced by the other three breeds of beef sires or the beef crossbred dams and they grew faster to weaning. Between weaning and yearling age both the crossbred steers and heifers from the Friesian sires continued to surpass the performance of the beef breeds of sires but there were no significant differences in the performance of three-breed-cross calves of the Friesian cross dams and the Angus x Hereford dams. Heritability estimates of growth rates calculated from data on the performance of the crossbred progeny generally were lower than those calculated from data of the purebred progeny. Higher estimates of heritability were obtained from the data of female progeny than from male progeny for birth weight but the trend was reversed for growth rates between birth to weaning and from weaning to yearling age.

Writing in Aphasia Rehabilitation: Cursive vs Manuscript

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Boone ◽  
Harold M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Correct Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Read Number

Reading and writing performance was observed in 30 adult aphasic patients to determine whether there was a significant difference when stimuli and manual responses were varied in the written form: cursive versus manuscript. Patients were asked to read aloud 10 words written cursively and 10 words written in manuscript form. They were then asked to write on dictation 10 word responses using cursive writing and 10 words using manuscript writing. Number of words correctly read, number of words correctly written, and number of letters correctly written in the proper sequence were tallied for both cursive and manuscript writing tasks for each patient. Results indicated no significant difference in correct response between cursive and manuscript writing style for these aphasic patients as a group; however, it was noted that individual patients varied widely in their success using one writing form over the other. It appeared that since neither writing form showed better facilitation of performance, the writing style used should be determined according to the individual patient’s own preference and best performance.

Role of Sex in Externally Motivated Self-Touching Gestures

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Heaven ◽  
Dan McBrayer ◽  
Bob Prince
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Discourse Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Order Of Presentation ◽  
Do So

Self-touching gestures can be externally induced by the verbal presentation of anxiety-inducing stimuli and the active discussion of a passage. The frequency of these self-touching gestures appears to be affected by the individual interacting with the topic, the type of discourse (listening or discussing), the type of stimulus (canaries or leeches), and the interaction between the types of discourse and stimulus. This study assessed these variables as well as the sex of the participant and the order of presentation of stimulus type, neither of which were statistically significant. Participants were read two passages, one about a topic (leeches) expected to produce anxiety and the other about a topic (canaries) not expected to do so, and asked to answer questions about the passages. The number of self-touches was counted by an observer in another room. Each participant had both types of discourse (listening and discussing) and both types of stimulus (canaries and leeches). There was no significant difference between the number of self-touches by participants with either the male or female reader. Discussion as a method of discourse was associated with a significantly greater number of self-touches than listening. The interaction between discourse type and stimulus type was also significant. The combination of the anxiety producing stimulus and the active discourse (discussion) produced the highest average number of self-touches.

Adverse effects on growth rates in rats caused by buprenorphine administration

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Postoperative Treatment ◽  
Gastric Distension ◽  
Bedding Material ◽  
Analgesic Treatment ◽  
Measuring Period ◽  
Significant Difference

As a routine postoperative treatment, a single dose of buprenorphine was given to rats at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg subcutaneously. However, some rats developed abnormal secretions around the nose and mouth and some animals died 3-5 days after surgery and analgesic treatment. At autopsy a yellow fibrous mass was found in the stomach and intestines. Observations of animals given buprenorphine revealed an abnormal ingestion of bedding material. This caused a disturbance to normal digestion, with gastric distension, weight loss or decreased growth rate, constipation and occasionally death. In this study rats were monitored for 6 days following surgery and analgesic treatment. A comparison of growth rates was made between rats given saline and buprenorphine or na1buphine and between animals kept on bedding or grid floors for the first 24 h after treatment. Of the animals held on bedding, the buprenorphine-treated animals did not lose weight as the other animals did, but had on the other hand a decreased growth rate during the measuring period of 6 days after surgery. When denied access to bedding for the first 24 h after surgery, rats given saline or na1buphine had a reduced weight gain over the first 24 h, similar to the groups held on bedding. Rats held on grid floors and given buprenorphine continued to gain weight for the first 24h. From day 3, there was no significant difference between the groups, which all gained weight.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for fatty acids in intramuscular fat from feedlot-finished Nelore carcasses

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Aboujaoude ◽  
Angélica Simone Cravo Pereira ◽  
Fabieli Louise Braga Feitosa ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Antunes de Lemos ◽  
Hermenegildo Lucas Justino Chiaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Long Chain

The aim of the present study was to estimate covariance components and genetic parameters for beef fatty acid (FA) composition of intramuscular fat in the longissimus thoracis muscle in Nelore bulls finished in feedlot. Twenty-two FAs were selected. The heritability estimates for individual FAs ranged from 0.01 to 0.35. The heritability estimates for myristic (0.25 ± 0.09), palmitic (0.18 ± 0.07), oleic (0.28 ± 0.09), linoleic (0.16 ± 0.06) and α-linolenic (0.35 ± 0.10) FAs were moderate. Stearic, elaidic, palmitoleic, vaccenic, conjugated linoleic acid, docosahexanoic, eicosatrienoic and arachidonic FAs had heritability estimates below 0.15. The genetic-correlation estimates between the individual saturated FAs (SFAs) were low and negative between myristic and stearic FAs (–0.22 ± 0.84), moderate between palmitic and myristic FAs (0.58 ± 0.56) and negative between palmitic and stearic FAs (–0.69 ± 0.45). The genetic correlations between the individual long-chain polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) were positive and moderate (>0.30). However, the genetic-correlation estimates between long-chain PUFAs and α-linolenic acid were low (<0.30), except for the correlation between arachidonic and α-linolenic acids. The genetic correlation estimates of the sums of SFAs with monounsaturated fatty acids and omega 6 FAs were low (0.25 ± 0.59 and –0.02 ± 0.51 respectively), high with PUFAs and omega 9 FAs (–0.85 ± 0.15 and 0.86 ± 0.17 respectively) and moderate with omega 3FAs (–0.67 ± 0.26). The present study demonstrated the existence of genetic variation and, hence, the possibility to increase the proportion of healthy and favourable beef FAs through selection. The results obtained in the study have provided knowledge to elucidate the additive genetic influence on FA composition of intramuscular fat. In addition, genetic-relationship estimates of intramuscular FA profile help seek strategies for genetic selection or genetic-based diet management to enhance the FA profile in Zebu cattle.

scholarly journals Occupational structure of bearers of Jewish rabbinical, occupational and generic surnames

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Alexander Jonathan Vidgop ◽  
Nelly Norton ◽  
Nechama Rosenberg ◽  
Malka Haguel-Spitzberg ◽  
Itzhak Fouxon
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Choice

We study choice of profession in three groups of Russian-speaking Jewish families with different occupational distributions of the ancestors. This study continues exploration of the persistence of social status of families over centuries that was initiated in recent years. It was found previously that in some cases professions remain associated with the same surnames for many generations. Here the studied groups are defined by a class of the surname of individuals composing them. The class serves as a label that indicates a professional bias of the ancestors of the individual. One group are the bearers of the class of surnames which were used by rabbinical dynasties. The other group is constituted by occupational surnames, mostly connected to crafts. Finally, the last group are generic Jewish names defined as surnames belonging to neither of the above groups. We use the self-collected database that consists of 858 and 1057 of the first two groups, respectively, and 7471 generic Jewish surnames. The statistics of the database are those of individuals drawn at random from the considered groups. We determine shares of members of the groups working in a given type of occupations together with the confidence interval. The occupational type’s definition agrees with International Standard Classification of Occupations. It is demonstrated that there is a statistically significant difference in the occupational structure of the three groups that holds beyond the uncertainty allowed by 95% confidence interval. We quantify the difference with a numerical measure of the overlap of professional preferences of different groups. We conclude that in our study the occupational bias of different population groups is preserved at least for two centuries that passed since the considered surnames appeared.

scholarly journals Occupational structure of bearers of Jewish rabbinical, occupational and generic surnames

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Alexander Jonathan Vidgop ◽  
Nelly Norton ◽  
Nechama Rosenberg ◽  
Malka Haguel-Spitzberg ◽  
Itzhak Fouxon
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Social Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Choice

We study choice of profession in three groups of Russian-speaking Jewish families with different occupational distributions of the ancestors. This study continues exploration of the persistence of social status of families over centuries that was initiated in recent years. It was found previously that in some cases professions remain associated with the same surnames for many generations. Here the studied groups are defined by a class of the surname of individuals composing them. The class serves as a label that indicates a professional bias of the ancestors of the individual. One group are the bearers of the class of surnames which were used by rabbinical dynasties. The other group is constituted by occupational surnames, mostly connected to crafts. Finally, the last group are generic Jewish names defined as surnames belonging to neither of the above groups. We use the database that consists of 858 and 1057 of the first two groups, respectively, and 7471 generic Jewish surnames. The statistics of the database are those of individuals drawn at random from the considered groups. We determine shares of members of the groups working in a given type of occupations together with the confidence interval. The occupational type’s definition agrees with International Standard Classification of Occupations. It is demonstrated that there is a statistically significant difference in the occupational structure of the three groups that holds beyond the uncertainty allowed by 95% confidence interval. We quantify the difference with a numerical measure of the overlap of professional preferences of different groups. We conclude that in our study the occupational bias of different population groups is preserved at least for two centuries that passed since the considered surnames appeared.

scholarly journals Observations on the Presence of Pteroyl Polyglutamates in Human Serum

Blood ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. BANERJEE ◽  
J. B. CHATTERJEA
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pteroic Acid ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Chicken Pancreas

Abstract Treatment of serum with folic acid conjugase obtained from fresh chicken pancreas indicated the presence therein of polyglutamyl derivatives of pteroic acid. The polyglutamyl derivatives appeared to belong to a group higher than the triglutamate. Two groups of subjects, one with normal level and the other with low level of unconjugated folate, were studied. In the normal group, the level of unconjugated serum folate varied between 3.2 and 18.0 ng./ml., while that of total folate (unconjugated plus conjugated) varied between 14.0 and 47.0 ng./ml. In the other group, the level of unconjugated folate varied from 2.0 to 2.6 ng./ ml., while that of total folate varied from 14.5 to 31.0 ng./ml. No significant difference, either in the individual values or in their means, was noticed in the two groups of subjects.

Genetic parameters of the duration of fertility in hens

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Beaumont
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Box Cox Transformation

After two successive artificial inseminations (AI) with 125 × 106 spermatozoa, various characteristics of the duration of fertility were observed in 2375 egg-type hens at 33 and 44 wk of age: number of fertile (F) or hatched (H) eggs during a 21-d control period after AI, early, medium or late embryonic mortalities occurring at the same time and efficient (De) and maximum (Dm) duration (i.e. time between AI and the first clear egg or the last fertile egg, respectively). Heritability estimates of F, H, De or Dm ranged from 0.08 to 0.31. All genetic correlations between these variables (measured at the same age) were high (0.45–0.99) as well as those between the same variable measured at different ages (0.30–0.97). Estimates of genetic parameters varied little when estimated by Henderson's method III or REML but with the second method only all estimates were within the parameter space. A Box-Cox transformation of data slightly modified heritability estimates and animal ranking after genetic evaluation. The best criterion of selection for duration of fertility seems to be H as it is economically important, well heritable and highly correlated with the other characteristics of duration of fertility. Key words: Genetic parameters, fertility, poultry, Restricted Maximum Likelihood

HERITABILITIES AND GENETIC CORRELATIONS IN MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BABY TEETH IN RAMBOUILLET AND ROMNELET SHEEP

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281
Author(s):  
J. A. VESELY
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adjacent Pair ◽  
The Third ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Tooth Length

Data were used from 1009 Rambouillet and 1104 Romnelet lambs representing 40 sires of each breed. Traits studied were: width of the two central incisors measured at the bottom and the top of each tooth; length of the three pairs of central incisors; angle of the central incisors with the upper jaw; and distance between the two canines at the base. Least squares analyses estimated effects of year, age of dam, sex, type of rearing, sires, and regression of trait on age of lamb. Estimates of genetic parameters were obtained for each breed from paternal half-sib analysis. Heritabilities for width of the two central incisors measured at the top averaged 0.63. Heritability estimates for length of the central pair of incisors averaged 0.58, of the next adjacent pair, 0.51, and of the third pair (from the center) 0.41. Heritability estimates for the angle of the front teeth with the upper gum averaged 0.24 and the distance between the two canines, 0.38. Most of the genetic correlations between width of the central incisors and the other measurements were positive.

scholarly journals Editing and modeling of milk production data for genetic evaluation of Murrah buffaloes

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1261-1267
Author(s):  
Andréa Carolina Santos de Souza ◽  
Marcos Paulo Gonçalves de Rezende ◽  
Paulo Luiz Souza Carneiro ◽  
Bárbara Machado Campos ◽  
Carlos Henrique Mendes Malhado
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Murrah Buffaloes ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the effect of editing and modeling of milk production data for genetic evaluation of Murrah buffaloes. Six strategies for evaluating milk production were analyzed: observed milk production (OMP); adjustment of milk production data to 305 (MP305) and 270 (MP270) days of lactation; removal of the 5 (MP5%) and 10% (MP10%) shortest lactation periods; and milk production along the lactation period as linear covariate (MPCO). Genetic parameters were estimated using the Bayesian inference, with heritability estimates of 0.19 to 0.23 and repeatability estimates of 0.35 to 0.36. Sires classified by OMP were high correlated to those classified by the other models, however, correlations to MP270, MP305 and MPCO decreased when considering only the best 20% sires. OMP showed greater differences in absolute mean deviations when compared with MPCO, MP270 and MP305. The strategies of analysis had similar heritabilities and stabilities. However, changes in the ranking of sires with better classifications, due to overestimation of genetic values, as occurred in the models MP305, MP270 and MPCO, may lead to a decrease in the genetic progress of the herd.

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