Kewirausahaan Kelompok Wanita Tani Sebagai Penggerak Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Kampung Eduwisata Hanjeli Desa Waluran Mandiri Kecamatan Waluran Kabupaten Sukabumi

The decrease of the community’s carrying capacity in Waluran Mandiri Village in the utilization of potential land resources has resulted in the change of abandoned agricultural land into illegal mining, which in turn creates negative impact to the environment surrounding it. This sad reality is also saddled with the large number of women who become migrant workers abroad. (baiknya di sini ditambahin satu kalimat yg menjadi penghubung dari masalah ke situasi yg ada, misalnya: However, the village is gifted with an abundance of Job’s tears locally called Hanjeli.) The cultivation of Job’s tears as an effort to empower the community has been initiated with the concept implementation of the Hanjeli Eduwisata Village. The purpose of this study is to describe the process of woman farmer groups’ empowerment in Hanjeli Eduwisata Village, and to analyze the business of hanjeli products carried out through the groups’ entrepreneurial activities. The study used a survey method with purposive sampling of a group of woman farmers located in Hanjeli Eduwisata Village, Waluran Mandiri Village, Sukabumi Regency. The data were then analyzed using descriptive quantitative method by presenting tabulations and diagrams. The results showed that the community empowerment of former migrant workers in Hanjeli Eduwisata Village was pioneered by a woman's farmer group named Mekar Mandiri through an entrepreneurial process. Furthermore, the empowerment activities were carried out in stages, namely: establishing business working groups and entrepreneurship training, forming farmer groups, revitalizing abandoned land, and carrying out entrepreneurship training programs regarding cultivation techniques, product processing as well as marketing of Hanjeli products. Even though the average production of Hanjeli was low due to intercropping and intercropping with huma rice on an average land area of 0.43 ha, Hanjeli farming still provided benefits to Mekar Mandiri woman farming group in two growing seasons per one year. Likewise, the the business of processed Hanjeli products by KWT Mekar Mandiri showed a positive profit margin. To increase the woman farming group’s entrepreneurial efforts in the cultivation and processing of hanjeli, the application of branding, packaging, and marketing strategies for local food products integrated with online media for the promotion of Hanjeli tourism village were introduced.

Early evidence for beer drinking in a 9000-year-old platform mound in southern China

Alcoholic beverages played an essential role in rituals in ancient societies. Here we report the first evidence for beer drinking in the context of burial ritual in early Holocene southern China. Recent archaeological investigations at Qiaotou (9,000–8,700 cal. BP) have revealed a platform mound containing human burials and high concentrations of painted pottery, encircled by a human-made ditch. By applying microfossil (starch, phytolith, and fungi) residue analysis on the pottery vessels, we found that some of the pots held beer made of rice (Oryza sp.), Job’s tears (Coix lacryma-jobi), and USOs. We also discovered the earliest evidence for using mold saccharification-fermentation starter in beer making, predating written records by 8,000 years. The beer at Qiaotou was likely served in rituals to commemorate the burial of the dead. Ritualized drinking probably played an integrative role in maintaining social relationships, paving the way for the rise of complex farming societies four millennia later.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Potential of Millets for Managing and Reducing the Risk of Developing Diabetes Mellitus

Millets (including sorghum) are known to be highly nutritious besides having a low carbon footprint and the ability to survive in high temperatures with minimal water. Millets are widely recognised as having a low Glycaemic Index (GI) helping to manage diabetes. This systematic review and meta-analyzes across the different types of millets and different forms of processing/cooking collated all evidences. Of the 65 studies that were collected globally, 39 studies with 111 observations were used to analyze GI outcomes and 56 studies were used to analyze fasting, post-prandial glucose level, insulin index and HbA1c outcomes in a meta-analysis. It is evident from the descriptive statistics that the mean GI of millets is 52.7 ± 10.3, which is about 36% lower than in typical staples of milled rice (71.7 ± 14.4) and refined wheat (74.2 ± 14.9). The descriptive, meta and regression analyses revealed that Job's tears, fonio, foxtail, barnyard, and teff were the millets with low mean GI (<55) that are more effective (35–79%) in reducing dietary GI than the control samples. Millets with intermediate GI (55–69) are pearl millet, finger millet, kodo millet, little millet, and sorghum which have a 13–35% lower GI than the control with high GI (>69). A meta-analysis also showed that all millets had significantly (p < 0.01) lower GI than white rice, refined wheat, standard glucose or white wheat bread except little millet which had inconsistent data. Long term millet consumption lowered fasting and post-prandial blood glucose levels significantly (p < 0.01) by 12 and 15%, respectively, in diabetic subjects. There was a significant reduction in HbA1c level (from 6.65 ± 0.4 to 5.67 ± 0.4%) among pre-diabetic individuals (p < 0.01) who consumed millets for a long period. Minimally processed millets were 30% more effective in lowering GI of a meal compared to milled rice and refined wheat. In conclusion, millets can be beneficial in managing and reducing the risk of developing diabetes and could therefore be used to design appropriate meals for diabetic and pre-diabetic subjects as well as for non-diabetic people for a preventive approach.

USO DE PRODUTOS FLORESTAIS NÃO MADEIREIROS EM COMUNIDADES DA FLONA TAPAJÓS

O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar o uso dos produtos florestais não madeireiros (PFNM) pelas populações ribeirinhas em comunidades na Flona Tapajós, compreendendo as questões relacionadas às principais espécies coletadas, seus usos e atribuição de valor aos produtos confeccionados. Foi realizado um Diagnóstico Rápido Rural (DRR) com os coletores de PFNMs, e entrevistas com um total de 10 artesãos. As espécies mais citadas foram: morototó, tento vermelho, tento amarelo, saboneteira, açaí, jutaí e lágrima de nossa senhora que são utilizadas na produção de artesanatos e biojóias; também se utiliza as fibras (buriti, tucumã e curuá) e as madeiras (coração de negro, itaúba, cedro, arara castanha e molongó). As biojóias variam de valor entre R$2,00 a R$20,00 e as peças ornamentais de madeira de R$10,00 a R$300,00. As principais vantagens de trabalhar com PFNM apontadas na entrevista são a facilidade de coletar sementes, o fato de ter demanda e gerar renda aos artesãos envolvidos. As dificuldades mencionadas são a coleta das sementes do morototó e paricá e o acesso as árvores na floresta. Jamaraquá, Maguari e São Domingos são exemplos bem-sucedidos de que os produtos oriundos da floresta têm mercado consolidado e são representação cultural e social dos povos da floresta. Palavras-chave: artesanato; biojóias; população tradicional; Amazônia. Use of non-wooden forest products in the National Forest of Tapajós communities ABSTRACT: The aim of this article is to characterize the use of non-timber forest products (NTFP) by riverine populations in communities in Flona Tapajós, including issues related to the main species collected, their uses and attribution of value to the manufactured products. the use of non-timber forest products (NTFP) by riverine populations in communities in Flona Tapajós, including issues related to the main species collected, their uses and attribution of value to the products made. A rapid rural appraisal (RRA) was conducted with community NTFP collectors, followed by interviews with the artisans, including a total of 10 people. The most cited species in the RRA were morototó, bead tree, tento amarelo, wingleaf soapberry, açaí palm, jutaí, and Job’s tears, which are used to produce handicrafts and bio-jewels. In addition, buriti, tucumã, and curuá fiber and lapachillo, itaúba, cedar, arara castanha, and molongó wood were used. The price of bio-jewels varies from BRL 2 to 20, and of the wood ornamental pieces from BRL 10 to 300. The main advantages of working with NTFP highlighted in the interviews were that seed collection is easy, that there is demand, and that income is generated for community members. The difficulties mentioned were the collection and processing of morototó and paricá seed, and access to trees. Jamaraquá, Maguari, and São Domingos are successful examples of forest products that consolidated the market and are cultural and social representation of the forest peoples. Keywords: handicrafts; bio-jewels; traditional population; Amazon.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Job’s Tears(Coix lacryma-jobi L.) Germplasm Based on ISSR Marker

Background: Job's tears（Coix lachryma-jobi L.）is a minor cereal and an important food item in some parts of Asia. It has also been used in the traditional Chinese medicine for relieving various ailments, therefore, it plays an important role in our lives. Lack of excellent new varieties hinders the development of coix as a sustainable crop, and it is urgent to provide new cultivars with excellent trait in Chinese Coix industry. Results: ISSR markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 8 populations of Job’s tears in China. A genotyping analysis that utilized ten ISSR primer pairs resulted in the production of 116 bands, of which 98 were polymorphic. The Guizhou population (PPB = 81.90%, h = 0.3113, I = 0.4589) was the most genetically diverse, while the lowest was observed in the Hebei population (PPB = 46.55%, h = 0.1842, I = 0.2701). Genetic differentiation analyses including GST and AMOVA illustrated that genetic variation was most prevalent within populations while only minor variations were observed among populations. Genetic distance coefficients ranged from 0.0095 to 0.0948 for the 8 populations; the genetic relationship between the Guizhou and Chongqing populations was the closest, while the most distant genetic relationship occurred between the Hubei and Hunan populations. The results of an UPGMA cluster analysis that investigated genetic diversity among the populations were consistent with the genetic distance results. The results of a STRUCTURE analysis suggested that 94 Job’s tears accessions could be grouped into two subpopulations. Moreover, according to a cluster analysis based on the UPGMA for individuals of Job’s tears, accessions were divided into two major clusters. The results of the Bayesian cluster and UPGMA cluster analyses were largely consistent despite minor differences. There was no significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance (r = 0.055, p = 0.782). Conclusions: Our study was undertaken to systematically analyze genetic diversity and population structure in 94 Job’s tears accessions using ISSR markers. And this study provides us with valuable information pertaining to germplasm collection, genetic improvement, and systematic utilization of Job’s tears.

PENGARUH LAMA PENYINARAN MENGGUNAKAN LAMPU LED TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS FODDER HANJELI (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) HIDROPONIK

A hydroponic indoor planting systems needs manipulation of artificial lighting so that plants can produce optimal growth and production, one of it is by manipulating the length of irradiation using Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps. This study aims to know the effect of irradiation length using LED lights on the productivity of Job’s Tears fodder in hydroponic planting system. The research was conducted on January - February 2020 at Laboratory of Forage Crops, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this experiment with three irradiation length treatments (P1 = 12 hours of irradiation; P2 = 16 hours of irradiation; and P3 = 20 hours of irradiation) with 6 replications. The data was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan analysis. The results of statistical analysis showed that the length of irradiation using LED lights did not affect to Job’s Tears fodder productivity of plant length, plant height, and dry matter production.