scholarly journals Financing Growth: New Issues by Australian Firms, 1920–1939

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Merrett ◽  
Simon Ville
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Stock Exchanges ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Retained Earnings ◽  
Local Stock

An expanding economy, new technologies, and changing consumer preferences provided growth opportunities for firms in interwar Australia. This period saw an increase in the number of large-scale firms in mining, manufacturing, and a wide range of service industries. Firms unable to rely solely on retained earnings to fund expansion turned to the domestic stock exchanges. A new data set of capital raisings constructed from reports of prospectuses published in the financial press forms the basis for the conclusion that many firms used substantial injections of equity finance to augment internally generated sources of funds. That they were able to do so indicates a strong increase in the capacity of local stock exchanges and a greater willingness of individuals to hold part of their wealthin transferable securities.

Integrative Data Analysis from a Unifying Research Synthesis Perspective

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Young Mun ◽  
Anne E. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Synthesis ◽  
Alcohol Intervention ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Integrative Data Analysis ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Model Complex ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Individual Participant

Integrative data analysis (IDA) is a promising new approach in psychological research and has been well received in the field of alcohol research. This chapter provides a larger unifying research synthesis framework for IDA. Major advantages of IDA of individual participant-level data include better and more flexible ways to examine subgroups, model complex relationships, deal with methodological and clinical heterogeneity, and examine infrequently occurring behaviors. However, between-study heterogeneity in measures, designs, and samples and systematic study-level missing data are significant barriers to IDA and, more broadly, to large-scale research synthesis. Based on the authors’ experience working on the Project INTEGRATE data set, which combined individual participant-level data from 24 independent college brief alcohol intervention studies, it is also recognized that IDA investigations require a wide range of expertise and considerable resources and that some minimum standards for reporting IDA studies may be needed to improve transparency and quality of evidence.

Characterising RDF data sets

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier D Fernández ◽  
Miguel A Martínez-Prieto ◽  
Pablo de la Fuente Redondo ◽  
Claudio Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Data Structures ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rdf Data ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
Resource Description

The publication of semantic web data, commonly represented in Resource Description Framework (RDF), has experienced outstanding growth over the last few years. Data from all fields of knowledge are shared publicly and interconnected in active initiatives such as Linked Open Data. However, despite the increasing availability of applications managing large-scale RDF information such as RDF stores and reasoning tools, little attention has been given to the structural features emerging in real-world RDF data. Our work addresses this issue by proposing specific metrics to characterise RDF data. We specifically focus on revealing the redundancy of each data set, as well as common structural patterns. We evaluate the proposed metrics on several data sets, which cover a wide range of designs and models. Our findings provide a basis for more efficient RDF data structures, indexes and compressors.

Challenges for India’s Agriculture: Towards a New Green Revolution?

2021 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ellina P. Shavlay
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Primary Sector ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gradual Introduction

Agriculture continues to be one of the most significant sectors of India's economy today. The country is successfully performing in a wide range of primary sector fields, gradually increasing its export potential. However, the first green revolution caused significant damage to the country's resources, as a result of which, in the post-bipolar period, the state began to take actions aimed at changing the established practices of the last century. However, the second revolution, which began in the 1990s, did not solve all the difficulties. In this regard, the author's goal is to analyze the existing key problems of the primary sector and consider possible answers to them in the field of innovative technologies. The author comes to the conclusion that it is the digitalization of agricultural activities that could qualitatively increase the level of income of the population and the efficiency of the primary sector both in the domestic and foreign markets. At the same time, the introduction of new technologies is impossible without changing the institutional environment and work on socio-cultural factors that have a substantial negative impact not only on India's agriculture, but on all socio-economic processes in general, and therefore New Delhi will need to take comprehensive measures on a large scale rather than limit oneself to the primary economic sector. The Indian government has to carry out a comprehensive reform of its economy, otherwise there is a great threat of undermining social stability. The gradual introduction of innovative solutions and digitalization of agriculture will have a relatively quick, visible, but at the same time sustainable effect.

PP136 How To Apply Health Technology Assessment To Large Scale e-Health Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 63-64
Author(s):  
Gro-Hilde Severinsen ◽  
Line Silsand ◽  
Anne Ekeland
Keyword(s):  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Health Region ◽  
Wide Range

IntroductionThere are enormous expectations for e-health solutions to support high quality healthcare services, with accessibility, and effectiveness as key goals. E-health encompasses a wide range of information and communication technologies applied to health care, and focuses on combining clinical activity, technical development, and political requirements. Hence, e-health solutions must be evaluated in relation to the desired goals, to justify the high costs of such solutions.MethodsHealth technology assessment (HTA) aims to produce rational decisions for purchasing new technologies and evaluating healthcare investments, like drugs and medical equipment, by measuring added value in relation to clinical effectiveness, safety, and cost effectiveness. It is desired to also apply HTA assessment on large scale e-health solutions, but traditional quantitative HTA methodology may not be applicable to complex e-health systems developed and implemented as ongoing processes over years. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of these processes risk being outdated when published, therefore action research designed to work with complex, large scale programs may be a more suitable approach.ResultsIn the project, we followed the development of a new process-oriented electronic patient record system (EPR) in northern Norway. Part of the process was structuring clinical data to be used in electronic forms within the system. This was the first time a health region structured the clinical data and designed the forms; receiving feedback alongside the process was very important. The goal was to use structured forms as a basis for reusing EPR data within and between systems, and to enable clinical decision support.DiscussionAfter designing a prototype of a structured form, we wrote an assessment report focusing on designing a methodology for such development, which stakeholders to include, and how to divide the work between the health region and the system vendor. The answers to such questions will have both practical and economic consequences for designing the next phase of the process.

scholarly journals The Escherichia coli Proteome: Past, Present, and Future Prospects

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mee-Jung Han ◽  
Sang Yup Lee
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Protein Detection ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Additional Information

SUMMARY Proteomics has emerged as an indispensable methodology for large-scale protein analysis in functional genomics. The Escherichia coli proteome has been extensively studied and is well defined in terms of biochemical, biological, and biotechnological data. Even before the entire E. coli proteome was fully elucidated, the largest available data set had been integrated to decipher regulatory circuits and metabolic pathways, providing valuable insights into global cellular physiology and the development of metabolic and cellular engineering strategies. With the recent advent of advanced proteomic technologies, the E. coli proteome has been used for the validation of new technologies and methodologies such as sample prefractionation, protein enrichment, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, protein detection, mass spectrometry (MS), combinatorial assays with n-dimensional chromatographies and MS, and image analysis software. These important technologies will not only provide a great amount of additional information on the E. coli proteome but also synergistically contribute to other proteomic studies. Here, we review the past development and current status of E. coli proteome research in terms of its biological, biotechnological, and methodological significance and suggest future prospects.

scholarly journals Robotization in healthcare: legal perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima V. Tsomartova
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Medical Robots ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction. The development and application of medical robotics, medical robotic devices, automated technical systems in the field of health care are already quite successful and have great potential. Such large-scale technological changes inevitably actualize the social roles of law, that should properly settle, protect and guide the development of nascent social relations, which until recently occurred everywhere in a kind of regulatory vacuum. Material and methods. The methodological basis of the study included general scientific methods (dialectical, logical, systemic, historical, sociological, statistical) and private scientific methods of legal science (formal-legal, historical-legal and comparative-legal). The empirical basis of the study was Russian and foreign regulatory legal acts and law enforcement practice, as well as legal doctrine. Results. Based on the comparative legal study a legal definition of the medical robots and various options for their classification, among them a special one, including surgical robots, robots used in restorative medicine, rehabilitation of immobilized patients, nursing and care robots, have been developed. Cyborgs are biological organisms containing mechanical or electronic components are allocated to a special group. Legal mechanisms for ensuring security and cybersecurity in this area are highlighted. The necessity of more flexible legal regulation of personal data concerning the health of citizens and medical confidentiality under new technological conditions is justified. Discussion. Legal regulation of the medical robots should be of a staged nature. General norms of sectoral significance can be formulated at later stages. At the moment, it is more rational to direct efforts to determine the legal regime of certain types of created artificial intelligence systems in the healthcare sector. Conclusion. The legal concept of robotics in healthcare should take a significant place in a wide range of scientific studies of the development of new technologies for the benefit, not to the detriment, of a person.

Special Issue on Value Creation in Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-677
Author(s):  
Toshiya Kaihara ◽  
Nariaki Nishino
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Wide Range

With the recent development of new technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), and cloud-based systems, the smart manufacturing concept based on ICT or AI is expected to have tremendous potential to realize a digital transformation with customer involvement in production. The role of production will need to change accordingly, as it is obvious that the traditional business model based on process chains for production functionality has limitations for further growth. In production, it is necessary to consider value chains with service factors for adding innovative value to products. Value creation is an important concept to the realization of a sustainable ecosystem in production. This special issue addresses the latest research on value creation in production and service systems. Including ten advanced research papers and one development report, it covers a wide range of topics, including smart factories, logistics, distribution with value chains; product service systems; sustainable ecosystems with value in production and service industries; the sharing economy in production systems with cloud computing; the application of digital transformations in production and service systems. All papers and reports were refereed through careful peer reviews with experts. The editors deeply appreciate the authors for their careful work and the reviewers for their invaluable efforts, without which this special issue would not have been possible. Finally, we hope this special issue provides valuable information to our interested readers and encourages further research on value creation in production.

Taking Measure of the UN's Legacy at Seventy-Five

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-295
Author(s):  
David M. Malone ◽  
Adam Day
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
New Ideas

AbstractOver the past seventy-five years, the UN has evolved significantly, often in response to geopolitical dynamics and new waves of thinking. In some respects, the UN has registered remarkable achievements, stimulating a wide range of multilateral treaties, promoting significant growth of human rights, and at times playing a central role in containing and preventing large-scale armed conflict. As part of the special issue on “The United Nations at Seventy-Five: Looking Back to Look Forward,” this essay argues that the organization has been the most impactful in three areas: producing, shaping, and driving key ideas, particularly on development and rights; generating such effective operational agencies as UNICEF and the World Food Program; and, especially in the immediate post–Cold War period, addressing major conflict risks through the Security Council. Since then, however, the UN has struggled to meet emerging challenges on many fronts and been increasingly hampered by internal ossification and institutional sprawl as well as internecine dysfunction. The twenty-first century has confronted the UN with further challenges relating most notably to climate change; to risks arising from new technologies; and to the increasingly fraught relationships between China, Russia, and the United States. If the past seventy-five years can offer one lesson, it is that new thinking and new ideas will need to drive the organization to evolve still further and faster, or else risk irrelevance.

scholarly journals A Large-Scale Comparative Study of Informal Social Networks in Firms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Z. Jacobs ◽  
Duncan J. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Wide Range

Theories of organizations are sympathetic to long-standing ideas from network science that organizational networks should be regarded as multiscale and capable of displaying emergent properties. However, the historical difficulty of collecting individual-level network data for many (N ≫ 1) organizations, each of which comprises many (n ≫ 1) individuals, has hobbled efforts to develop specific, theoretically motivated hypotheses connecting micro- (i.e., individual-level) network structure with macro-organizational properties. In this paper we seek to stimulate such efforts with an exploratory analysis of a unique data set of aggregated, anonymized email data from an enterprise email system that includes 1.8 billion messages sent by 1.4 million users from 65 publicly traded U.S. firms spanning a wide range of sizes and 7 industrial sectors. We uncover wide heterogeneity among firms with respect to all measured network characteristics, and we find robust network and organizational variation as a result of size. Interestingly, we find no clear associations between organizational network structure and firm age, industry, or performance; however, we do find that centralization increases with geographical dispersion—a result that is not explained by network size. Although preliminary, these results raise new questions for organizational theory as well as new issues for collecting, processing, and interpreting digital network data. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, Special Issue of Management Science: 65th Anniversary.

scholarly journals A remote-control datalogger for large-scale resistivity surveys and robust processing of its signals using a software Lock-In approach

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Oppermann ◽  
Thomas Günther
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Fast Fourier Transformation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Robust Solution ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Robust Processing ◽  
Lock In

Abstract. We present a new versatile datalogger that can be used for a wide range of possible applications in geosciences. It is adjustable in signal strength and sampling frequency, battery-saving and can remotely be controlled over Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) connection so that it saves running costs, particulaly in monitoring experiments. Internet connection allows for checking functionality, controlling schedules and optimizing preamplification. We mainly use it for large-scale Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), where it independently registers voltage time series on three channels while a square wave current is injected. For the analysis of this time series we present a new approach that is based on the Lock-In (LI) method, mainly known from electronic circuits. The method searches the working point (phase) using three different functions based on a mask signal, and determines the amplitude using a direct current (DC) correlation function. We use synthetic data with different types of noise to compare the new method with existing approaches, i.e. selective stacking and a modified Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) based approach that assumes a 1/f noise characteristics. All methods give comparable results, the LI being better than the well established stacking method. The FFT approach can be even better but only if the noise strictly follows the assumed characteristics. If overshoots are present in the data, which is typical in the field, FFT performs worse even with good data which is why we conclude that the new LI approach is the most robust solution. This is also proved by a field data set from a long 2D ERT profile.

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