scholarly journals History and Turning the Antitrust Page

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Brian R. Cheffins
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Chicago School ◽  
Foreign Competition ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Agent Of Change ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual Movement

Present-day advocates of antitrust reform referred to as “New Brandeisians” have invoked history in pressing the case for change. The New Brandeisians bemoan the upending of a mid-twentieth-century “golden age” of antitrust by an intellectual movement known as the Chicago School. In fact, mid-twentieth-century enforcement of antitrust was uneven and large corporations exercised substantial market power. The Chicago School also was not as decisive an agent of change as the New Brandeisians suggest. Doubts about the efficacy of government regulation and concerns about foreign competition did much to foster the late twentieth-century counterrevolution that antitrust experienced.

The Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society and its contribution to the study of the Chalk Group of northern England

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-161
Author(s):  
P. N. Hildreth
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
The South ◽  
Geological Society ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Papers devoted to chalk-related topics have varied in frequency since the foundation of a geological society in Yorkshire. There have been contributions from vicars, corn merchants, a wallpaper manufacturer, a corset maker and a car salesman, as well as academics and professional geologists. Many early ideas have become established. Indeed, the concept of a Chalk Group Northern Province was suggested by the Reverend J.F. Blake as early as 1878. The keen observation and painstaking recording of other early workers such as Lamplugh on Flamborough Head were continued in the late twentieth century by, for example, Whitham and Mitchell, and the advent of modern technology enabled new dimensions of study. Following a ‘dark age’ of very few contributions, a 1978 publication, though short, finally proposed an accepted lithostratigraphy for the northern chalk that is distinct from that of the south, and in so doing became what might be considered a milestone paper. This ‘renaissance’ bloomed into a ‘golden age’; North Sea activities, advanced technology and a rekindling of interest in chalk stratigraphy and palaeontology all contributed to the publication of a spate of papers. Exactly 50% of all papers and over 50% of all authors involved were published between 1987 and the present day.

Attending the Death of Pragmatism

PARADIGMI ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual Movement

Pragmatism has had two separate careers: one with its originators from the end of the nineteenth century to the early years of the twentieth century and one sparked by Richard Rorty's neo-pragmatism from the late twentieth century to the present. My suggestion in this essay is that it is time to attend to the death of pragmatism so that new philosophical outlooks might develop from its intermixing with other ideas. The suggestion stems from Peirce's organic way of considering how an intellectual movement such as pragmatism evolves in an historical setting.

The Laws of Mass Media

2019 ◽  
pp. 291-345
Author(s):  
G. Edward White
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Constitutional Decisions ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter surveys the development of three regimes in the laws of print, broadcast, and cable media, with different frameworks for government regulation, and the challenge of applying any of those frameworks to communications on the internet. The chapter considers constitutional decisions in each of the areas over the course of the middle and late twentieth century.

scholarly journals The Problem of Bigness: From Standard Oil to Google

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi R. Lamoreaux
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
The Political ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This article sets recent expressions of alarm about the monopoly power of technology giants such as Google and Amazon in the long history of Americans’ response to big business. I argue that we cannot understand that history unless we realize that Americans have always been concerned about the political and economic dangers of bigness, not just the threat of high prices. The problem policymakers faced after the rise of Standard Oil was how to protect society against those dangers without punishing firms that grew large because they were innovative. The antitrust regime put in place in the early twentieth century managed this balancing act by focusing on large firms’ conduct toward competitors and banning practices that were anticompetitive or exclusionary. Maintaining this balance was difficult, however, and it gave way over time—first to a preoccupation with market power during the post–World War II period, and then to a fixation on consumer welfare in the late twentieth century. Refocusing policy on large firms’ conduct would do much to address current fears about bigness without penalizing firms whose market power comes from innovation.

Time’s Arrow, Time’s Bow

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Tweedie
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Film Theory ◽  
Film History ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Time’S Arrow ◽  
History And Theory

This chapter frames Gilles Deleuze’s cinema books as a late twentieth-century phenomenon, engaging with many of the period’s key concerns, including history, memory, and belatedness. Deleuze recognizes his status as a latecomer to philosophy and film theory and develops a theory based on the rediscovery of radical thought in the modern past, as in his study of Leibniz, the fold, and the baroque. His cinema books adopt a similar approach to film history and theory by framing the medium as an art that opens onto the totality of time. If nostalgia in the late twentieth century viewed a “golden age” as the proper destination of historical inquiry, Deleuze radicalizes the concepts of return and memory by reimagining them through the cinema’s lens. One key lesson drawn from the century of cinema is that any moment in time, including the neglected or potentially revolutionary, is accessible from any other point in history.

Nine Centuries of Man

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Court Records ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Police Reports ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Scottish History ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

What did it mean to be a man in Scotland over the past nine centuries? Scotland, with its stereotypes of the kilted warrior and the industrial ‘hard man’, has long been characterised in masculine terms, but there has been little historical exploration of masculinity in a wider context. This interdisciplinary collection examines a diverse range of the multiple and changing forms of masculinities from the late eleventh to the late twentieth century, exploring the ways in which Scottish society through the ages defined expectations for men and their behaviour. How men reacted to those expectations is examined through sources such as documentary materials, medieval seals, romances, poetry, begging letters, police reports and court records, charity records, oral histories and personal correspondence. Focusing upon the wide range of activities and roles undertaken by men – work, fatherhood and play, violence and war, sex and commerce – the book also illustrates the range of masculinities that affected or were internalised by men. Together, the chapters illustrate some of the ways Scotland’s gender expectations have changed over the centuries and how, more generally, masculinities have informed the path of Scottish history

Trey Ellis's Platitudes: Redefining Black Voices

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-76
Author(s):  
Quan Manh Ha
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
American Literature ◽  
African American Literature ◽  
Black Experience ◽  
Racial Issues ◽  
Black Voices ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
One Year ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Trey Ellis has emerged as a prominent African American writer of the late-twentieth century, despite the small number of his published works. “The New Black Aesthetic,” an essay that he first published in CaUaloo in 1989, one year after the publication of his first novel, Platitudes, stands as a manifesto that defines and articulates his perspective on the emerging black literary voices and culture of the time, and on “the future of African American artistic expression” in the postmodern era.1 According to Eric Lott, Ellis's novel parodies the literary and cultural conflict between such male experimental writers as lshmael Reed and such female realist writers as Alice Walker.2 Thus, Ellis's primary purpose in writing Platitudes is to redefine how African Americans should be represented in fiction, implying that neither of the dominant approaches can completely articulate late-twentieth-century black experience when practiced in isolation. In its final passages, Platitudes represents a synthesis of the two literary modes or styles, and it embodies quite fully the diversity of black cultural identities at the end of the twentieth century as it extends African American literature beyond racial issues. In this way, the novel exemplifies the literary agenda that Ellis suggests in his theoretical essay.

A New Denominational Historiography?

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-263
Author(s):  
John F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Religious Institution ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
American Society ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Over the last decade, a noteworthy number of published studies have, in one fashion or another, been defined with reference to religious denominations. This is an arresting fact, for, coincidentally, the status of religious denominations in the society has been called into question. Some formerly powerful bodies have lost membership (at least relatively speaking) and now experience reduced influence, while newer forms of religious organization(s)—e.g., parachurch groups and loosely structured movements—have flourished. The most compelling recent analysis of religion in modern American society gives relatively little attention to them. Why, then, have publications in large numbers appeared, in scale almost seeming to be correlated inversely to this trend?No single answer to this question is adequate. Surely one general factor is that historians often “work out of phase” with contemporary social change. If denominations have been displaced as a form of religious institution in society in the late twentieth century, then their prominence in earlier eras is all the more intriguing.

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