This article examines the essential meanings of phenomenological philosophy and law school of transcendental phenomenology. Attention is paid to methodological features of phenomenological approach of legal perception. In the context of domestic legal doctrine, attention is paid to both advantages and disadvantages of this approach. Conclusion is made that phenomenology is a specific, effective methodology synthesizing diverse explorative perceptions. Phenomenology, as a theory and methodology of law, is part of non-classical legal science, separate elements of this method are used in the context of other non-classical legal approaches such as hermeneutics and axiology of law. It must be emphasized that phenomenology of law is an alternative to sociological and natural-legal perception of law and, at the same time, in its context the synthesis of these two methods of legal exploration is done to some extent. The main feature of legal phenomenology is its orientation to modern law as a sociological process that is going on in the world of “open” life on the one hand, and to potential law as a basis for universal ideal law, on the other hand. Phenomenological approach can be used as a mechanism for exploring current positive law. From such point of view, ideal legal system is discovered in any legal regulation due to which the enforcement of legal regulation is exercised.
The purpose of this work is to conduct a comprehensive study of transcendental phenomenology of law as a method of conducting legal study.
In order to satisfy the purpose set above, the following problems are introduced.
The study of transcendental phenomenology as an approach,
The study of transcendental phenomenology as a research method,
The reveal of transcendental phenomenology essence as a means of methodology of acknowledgement of law.
The methodological basis of this article are the dialectical and historical methods. The object and subject of the research were observed using such general and special methods of scientific knowledge, as dogmatic, comparative-legal, legal modeling, logical analysis.
Based on the analysis made in the context of this work, suggestions are made which are directed at developing the efficiency of phenomenology as a means of conducting legal studies, as well as the accomplishment of legal modeling.
Learning of Islamic Law in Contemporary Universities: Case Study of Faculty of Sharīʻah & Law of International Islamic University Islamabad and Islamic Legal Studies Program of Harvard Law School