Հայերի էթնիկ զտումների և ցեղասպանական քաղաքականության իրագործման փուլերն Արևելյան Այսրկովկասում (XI-XX դդ․) (Մաս Բ)

The aim of the article is to present the motives and implementation stages of ethnic cleansing and genocidal policy perpetrated towards the indigenous Armenian population during the 11th-20th centuries in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus – in the territory stretching from the Kur Valley to the Apsheron Peninsula, on the basis of various primary sources (archival documents, statistical materials, periodical press, theme related literature). The work is written by a combined examination of facts, applying the principles of historical investigation and historical-comparative analysis. The level of reliability and validity of the sources through their comprehensive study have been verified. Through the combination of facts the following phases of the history of the main issue are presented: the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide of Armenians in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus were still implemented in the 11th-18th centuries when the region regularly appeared under the invasions and dominion of various conquering nomadic tribes (Turk-Seljuks, Mongol-Tatars, Tamerlane, nomadic Turkmen tribes of Kara-Koyunlu and Ak-Koyunlu, Kizilbash invasions followed by the Turkish-Persian wars, Sunni Lezgins, invasions of Nader Shah and Agha Mohammad Khan). As a result, some part of the Armenian population was deported and left native lands or forcedly accepted the Muslim religion of the conquerers. The next phase of ethnic cleansing and atrocities was the period of the Armenian-Tatar clashes (1905-1906). Later, the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide was implemented at state level already during the Musavat regime of the artificial “Azerbaijan” formation (1918-1920), and finally during the Soviet regime (1920-1990). The article substantiates the fact that the indigenous Armenian population of the region was subjected to ethnic cleansing and genocide in its cradle, just as the Young Turks carried out the extermination of the Western Armenians in 1915-1916 in Western Armenia. Therefore, this policy should be described as a continuation and an integral part of the Genocide of Armenians, as the Armenian Genocide with its geographical coverage (from Cilicia to Baku), was a consequence of the implementation of a comprehensive pan-Turkic program. There are numerous references to the issue in the historical literature, though the comprehensive study of ethnic cleansing and genocidal policies of Armenians in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus – in the territory stretching from the Kur Valley to the Apsheron Peninsula, has not been the subject of a separate study.

Новый геополитический контекст взаимоотношений Армении и России в условиях изменения баланса военно-политических сил региональных и мировых держав в регионе

The purpose of the article is to consider various historical and political aspects that form the geopolitical context of Russian-Armenian relations. The author tried to take into account the factors that appeared as the consequences of Azerbaijan's aggression and the results of the Second Artsakh War. Using the methods of factorial and system analysis the article studies various combinations of interaction between states, both directly located in the region and being global political players for which political processes in the Transcaucasia are only a part of more global political projects. The existing system of political relations is distinguished by instability and the formation of a new system of political and military risks. All participants in political relations have reasons to seek complications in Russian-Armenian relations. There are also threats for them in the context of the domestic policy of Russia and Armenia. Overcoming these negative phenomena is a condition for the preservation and development of statehood in both Russia and Armenia. The development of a negative scenario will lead to new military conflicts and systemic crises of the entire Greater Caucasus.

Հայերի նկատմամբ զանգվածային բռնությունների նախահիմքերը Ադրբեջանի քաղաքականությունում

This work aims at revealing the premises of the mass violations’ policy in different periods of Azerbaijani statehood and the grounds which the Armenian pogroms were later carried out on. The objective of the work is to substantiate the consistent and continuous nature of the state-level policy of ethnic discrimination based on the study of separate episodes of such a policy pursued by the Azerbaijani authorities, regardless of the phase features of the Azerbaijani statehood formation and development. The work is written by a combined examination of facts, applying the principles of historical analysis. Based on the results of the study, the 1988-1990 mass violations against Armenians in the Soviet Azerbaijan, which expressed themselves in the form of ethnic cleansing and genocidal manifestations, were not just reactive localized crimes, and consequently, the circle of those responsible for them could not have been limited to separate implementers. The violence against Armenians has been an extreme manifestation of a decades-long policy.

Հայերի էթնիկ զտումների և ցեղասպանական քաղաքականության իրագործման փուլերն Արևելյան Այսրկովկասում (XI-XX դդ․) (Մաս 1)

THE STAGES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY OF ETHNIC CLEANSING AND GENOCIDE OF ARMENIANS IN THE EASTERN CIS-CAUCASUS (11TH-20TH CC.) (PART 1) The aim of the article is to present the motives and implementation stages of ethnic cleansing and genocidal policy perpetrated towards the indigenous Armenian population during the 11th-20th centuries in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus – in the territory stretching from the Kur Valley to the Apsheron Peninsula, on the basis of various primary sources (archival documents, statistical materials, periodical press, theme related literature). The work is written by a combined examination of facts, applying the principles of historical investigation and historical-comparative analysis. The level of reliability and validity of the sources through their comprehensive study have been verified. Through the combination of facts the following phases of the history of the main issue are presented: the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide of Armenians in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus were still implemented in the 11th-18th centuries when the region regularly appeared under the invasions and dominion of various conquering nomadic tribes (Turk-Seljuks, Mongol-Tatars, Tamerlane, nomadic Turkmen tribes of Kara-Koyunlu and Ak-Koyunlu, Kizilbash invasions followed by the Turkish-Persian wars, Sunni Lezgins, invasions of Nader Shah and Agha Mohammad Khan). As a result, some part of the Armenian population was deported and left native lands or forcedly accepted the Muslim religion of the conquerers. The next phase of ethnic cleansing and atrocities was the period of the Armenian-Tatar clashes (1905-1906). Later, the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide was implemented at state level already during the Musavat regime of the artificial “Azerbaijan” formation (1918-1920), and finally during the Soviet regime (1920-1990). The article substantiates the fact that the indigenous Armenian population of the region was subjected to ethnic cleansing and genocide in its cradle, just as the Young Turks carried out the extermination of the Western Armenians in 1915-1916 in Western Armenia. Therefore, this policy should be described as a continuation and an integral part of the Genocide of Armenians, as the Armenian Genocide with its geographical coverage (from Cilicia to Baku), was a consequence of the implementation of a comprehensive pan-Turkic program. There are numerous references to the issue in the historical literature, though the comprehensive study of ethnic cleansing and genocidal policies of Armenians in the Eastern CisCaucasus – in the territory stretching from the Kur Valley to the Apsheron Peninsula, has not been the subject of a separate study.

Իրավունքի և օրենքի կոլիզիաները իրավունքի փիլիսոփայությունում

The aim of the article is to reveal the collisional relationship between justice and the law in the philosophical dimension. The main objectives of the article are to analyze the contradictions between law from the point of view of broad legal understanding, as well as the answer to the question of how law enforcement agent should act if, in solving a specific case, an outrageous contradiction between law and justice is encountered. The author used a number of scientific methods, in particular, historical-legal-comparative methods. The author concludes that supporters of a broad legal understanding consider the issue of contradiction between law mainly from the point of view of legislative policy, however, they do not discuss the issue of how the law enforcement agent should act when an obvious contradiction between law is encountered in a particular case. In the article the sayings «dura lex sed lex» (The law [is] harsh, but [it is] the law) and «lex iniusta non est lex» (An unjust law is no law at all) are considered in the dimensions of the legalism and natural law. The author concludes that the Radbruch formula is an exception to the saying «dura lex sed lex» (The law [is] harsh, but [it is] the law), which has undergone practical approbation. On the one hand, this resolution values the certainty and stability of the law, and on the other hand, it protects the person (society) from the unjustly shouting unjust laws.

ՀՀ տնտեսության պարտքային անվտանգության խնդիրները Արցախյան պատերազմի համատեքստում

The 2020 began with the Coronavirus crisis and ended with the Artsakh war, causing both financial and human losses. An extremely difficult economic and political situation was created for the Republic of Armenia. The volume of military expenditures, which is expenditure priority due to military operations, has increased by about 40 billion drams in the current year. The epidemic restrictions reduced tax revenues by about 113 billion drams. The purpose of this article is to reveal the challenges that Armenia has been facing, due to the epidemic and the Artsakh war, substantiating the approach, that the above-mentioned instabilities will inevitably lead to a violation of the logic of the planned economic growth. During the research, the indicators of the government debt-to-GDP ratio of different years were calculated by the method of quantitative analysis, which show the amount of the debt burden. As a result of the research we came to the conclusion that the economic problems will lead to an increase in the budget deficit. And the lack of the resources to finance the latter will make it inevitable for the Republic of Armenia to attract new external public debt, which will increase the already heavy external public debt burden of the RA. Considering the above-mentioned issues as a priority, this article aims to study the dynamics of the external debt obligations of the RA economy during the difficult economic and political period for the Republic of Armenia.

Մեսրոպ Մաշտոցի անվան հին ձեռագրերի ինստիտուտի արաբատառ ֆոնդի թիվ 1713 և Սաուդ թագավոր համալսարանի թիվ 6770 ձեռագրերում առկա մեկնաբանությունների և ծանոթագրությունների համեմատական բնութագիրը

The purpose of this article is to analyze the two manuscript versions of the work «The Confluence of the seas» composed by Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Halabi the prominent religious scholar who is also considered to be one of the outstanding representatives of the Hanafi religious law school, written by two different writers. The tasks arising from this goal are: to study the manuscript version of the work «Multaqa al-ābḥur» kept at the Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts (Matenadaran, No. 1713) and the manuscript of the same work kept at King Saud University (No. 6770) and present a comparative description of the comments and footnotes in them. During the research various methods were used such as: the complex and systematic study method, methods of comparative analysis and juxtapose. As a result of our research it was concluded that there are clear and distinct differences in the comments and footnotes to the two manuscripts. There are chapters and subsections in which the commentators did not comment at all. Mostly, comments were made on those passages which the commentators found difficult for readers to understand.

Տիտղոսաթերթերի գեղարվեստական ձևավորումները Թորոս Տարոնացու արվեստում (1307թ․ Եսայի Նչեցու Ավետարան)

The article is dedicated to the title pages by Toros Taronatsi, a miniaturist of the first half of the XIV century of Gladzor University. Many authors, such as S. Ter-Nersesyan, L. Durnovo, A. Avetisyan, E. Korkhmazyan, V. Ghazaryan, speaking about the Gladzor School of miniature, in their works referred to the art of Toros Taronatsi:. But his legacy has not been thoroughly explored to this day yet. Our choice fell on studying the art of Taronatsi for this very reason. The artist's art is interesting and attractive because it reflects the traditions of various schools miniature painting. The main objective of the article is the analysis of the main components that make up the title pages illustration system: rectangular illuminations, titles, initials, rubrics, marginals. The study used complex methods of artistic analysis. Studying the title pages of Taronatsi, we came to the conclusion, that there is an Armenian pre-Cilician and Cilician elements in the work of the master. Drawing parallels with the Cilician manuscripts, we made sure that the title pages contain especially Roslin elements. Comparison of the works by Toros Taronatsi and Toros Roslin allows us to call them “two brilliant Toroses” of medieval Armenian art.

Հոգեդիագնոստիկ մեթոդների կիրառման առանձնահատկությունները անձի պաշտպանական մեխանիզմների ուսումնասիրման գործընթացում

The purpose of the article is to put forward and justify the approach according to which, in psychological consultation, especially in the course of studying of protective mechanisms of the person, the application of the characteristics of the psychodiagnostics methods should strictly be taken into account. Our task is to reveal the role of obligatory psychological testing in practical therapy and the exact psychological estimation, particularly highlighting the importance of the harmonious standardized psychodiagnostic tests and projective methods, to try to clarify the comparative boundaries from the point of view of corroboration and efficiency of the methods of being objective-subjective. The model «Big Five» developed by P.Costa and McCray which is objectively revealing the personal traits of people nowadays, is observed as an example. As a result of the conceptual analysis, we came to the conclusion that in order to achieve a positive result, both in the research and applied areas of psychology, it is advisable to harmoniously apply a reliable method of reliable psychological assessment (psychodiagnostics) and target psychological influence is purposeful. Considering that psychology sphere is differentiated with its direct relevance to personal traits and mental processes of a person, a reference is also made to the main characteristics of the specialist, on the basis of which the latter is authorized to process the information of a person's mental world in front of him and give a positive result.

ՀՀ դրամավարկային քաղաքականության արդյունքների վերլուծությունն ու արդյունավետության գնահատումը

The impact of monetary policy on the country's economy is revealed by assessing the effectiveness, which is carried out by analyzing the goals and objectives of the policy. The purpose of the article is to assess the effectiveness of the monetary policy for the RA economy and the compliance of the strategy adopted by the Central Bank with the economic goals of the RA. To achieve this goal, the following issues are resolved in the article: to study the mechanism of the transfer monetary policy of the Republic of Armenia, to analyze the levels of macroeconomic targets registered in the period under review, to compare them to determine the effectiveness of the monetary policy of the Central Bank. The article uses scientific abstraction, historical and logical combination, graphic analysis, economic, mathematical and statistical methods. To complete the analysis, the task was set to develop a consolidated indicator that would allow obtaining a clear quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of MP. The article also proposes a new factor model for assessment of monetary policy in order to provide a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness.