Losing Common Ground: Feminists, Conservatives and Public Policy in Canada during the Mulroney Years

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Bashevkin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Conservative Government ◽  
The United Kingdom

AbstractThis article examines relations between organized feminism and the federal Conservative government of Brian Mulroney, focusing on elements of the Canadian women's movement that targeted federal policy change from 1984 to 1993. In questioning the main priorities of both sides and the potential for conflict between them, the discussion uses the conceptual literature on social movement evolution as a base. It assesses formal decision making across five major policy sectors identified by Canadian feminism and presents the perspectives of movement activists on the Mulroney period. Although comparisons with policy action under the Thatcher and Reagan governments indicate a more pro-feminist record in Canada than the United Kingdom or the United States, Canadian materials suggest a narrowing of common ground between the organized women's movement and federal elites during the Mulroney years.

scholarly journals From Dreams to Reality: The Evolution of Anglo-Canadian Trade During the Diefenbaker Era

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Muirhead
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Economic Policy ◽  
Conservative Government ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us

Abstract The articulated foreign economic policy of the Conservative government of John Diefenbaker following its election in June 1957 was to redirect trade away from the United States and toward the United Kingdom. This policy reflected Diefenbaker's almost religious attachment to the Commonwealth and to Britain, as well as his abiding suspicion of continentalism. However, from these brave beginnings, Conservative trade policy ended up pretty much where the Liberals had been before their 1957 defeat-increasingly reliant on the US market for Canada's domestic prosperity. This was a result partly of the normal development of trade between the two North American countries, but it also reflected Diefenbaker's growing realisation of the market differences between Canada and the United Kingdom, and the impossibility of enhancing the flow of Canadian exports to Britain.

Are “Stranger Donors” Irrational?

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Martha Gershun ◽  
John D. Lantos
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Legislation ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Transplant Registry ◽  
Altruistic Donor ◽  
Psychological Benefit

This chapter seeks to understand the motivations of people who offered to donate a kidney to a stranger. It explores the degree of emotional relationship that was essential to justify the claim that donation provided a psychological benefit to the donor. The chapter also mentions a law in the United Kingdom called the Unrelated Live Transplant Registry Authority which required organ donors to provide proof that they had a relationship with the recipient. In the United States, however, there is no federal legislation or public policy regulating stranger donors. The chapter then turns to discuss a study led by nephrologist Aaron Spital showing how attitudes within the transplant community gradually shifted from almost universal rejection of stranger donors to their gradual acceptance. It assesses the struggles that nephrologists went through in trying to determine whether such altruists were noble or irrational. Ultimately, the chapter offers a unique glimpse into the motivations of an altruistic donor and into the forms of skepticism that doctors and psychologists bring to evaluations of such donors.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Vanessa A. Edkins ◽  
Allison D. Redlich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Current System ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Plea Bargaining ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Defense Attorneys

While a great deal of psycho-legal research has focused on the trial process—and the decision making of jurors and juries, in particular—trials are not reflective of the current system of justice in the United States. Instead, we find ourselves within a system of pleas (Lafler v. Cooper, 2012) with a scarcity of social science research available to guide us. With this volume, we hope to integrate the current plea bargaining research that informs the field, from charging and defendant decision making, to attorney influences, to the ramifications at the larger system and institutional levels. Spanning multiple disciplines, the research and theories related to plea bargaining have much to contribute to public policy and to changes that individual actors (e.g., defense attorneys, prosecutors, and judges) may decide to incorporate in their daily interactions within our system of pleas.

A study of the functions of political appointees from a comparative perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 205789112110369
Author(s):  
Jun Makita
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Real ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Political Appointees

In this article, the functions of political appointees have been classified by an index on the relation between politics and bureaucracy. Based on that classification, the real states of four democracies, the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Japan, have been examined. From this study, the causation consisting of the politico-administrative relation (concretely, the insider-outsider factor and the line-staff factor), the independent value, and the political appointees' functions (advice, decision-making and interface between politicians and civil servants), the dependent value, has been confirmed. Through this examination from a comparative perspective, a proposal of generalization about the political appointees' functions has been presented.

Dialysis decision making in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK McKenzie ◽  
AH Moss ◽  
TG Feest ◽  
CB Stocking ◽  
M Siegler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom

Comparing the United States and United Kingdom: contrasts and correspondences

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Klein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assisted Death ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Care Systems

AbstractThe conventionally antithetical stereotypes of the United Kingdom and United States health care systems needs to be modified in the case of the elderly. Relative to the rest of the population, the over-65s in the United States are more satisfied with their medical care than their UK counterparts. There is also much common ground: shared worries about the quality of elderly care and similar attitudes towards assisted death. Comparison is further complicated by within country variations: comparative studies should take account of the fact that even seemingly polar models may have pools of similarity.

Assessing Patient Decision-Making on Biologic and Small-Molecule Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Insights From a Conjoint Analysis in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin B Patel ◽  
Welmoed K van Deen ◽  
Christopher V Almario ◽  
Carine Khalil ◽  
Esther Warui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Patient Decision Making ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Patient Decision ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background Recent drug approvals have increased the number of therapies available for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), making it difficult for patients to navigate available treatment options. We examined patient decision-making surrounding biologic and small-molecule therapies in an international cohort of patients from the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom using conjoint analysis (CA), a form of tradeoff analysis examining how respondents make complex decisions. Methods We performed a CA survey that quantified the relative importance of therapy attributes (eg, efficacy, adverse effects) in decision-making. Patients with IBD were recruited from the general population and through specialty IBD clinics. We used a hierarchical Bayes analysis to model individual patients’ preferences and compared the relative importance of medication attributes between countries and practice settings. Using a series of multivariable linear regression models, we assessed whether demographic and clinical characteristics (eg, IBD subtype, severity) predicted how patients made decisions. Results Overall, 1077 patients in 3 countries completed the survey. No differences in the relative importance of medication attributes were observed between the 3 countries’ general IBD populations. However, efficacy was more important for patients in the US-based IBD specialty care cohort than for the general IBD population (29% and 23% importance, respectively; P < 0.0001). A few demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with small changes in individual preferences. Conclusions In this large international CA study, patients prioritized efficacy as the most important therapeutic attribute. Decision-making seemed to be highly personalized in that therapeutic preferences were hard to predict based on patient characteristics.

scholarly journals Landscape of Participant-Centric Initiatives for Medical Research in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan: Scoping Review (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nao Hamakawa ◽  
Rumiko Nakano ◽  
Atsushi Kogetsu ◽  
Victoria Coathup ◽  
Jane Kaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Scoping Reviews

BACKGROUND Information and communication technology (ICT) has made remarkable progress in recent years and is being increasingly applied to medical research. This technology has the potential to facilitate the active involvement of research participants. Digital platforms that enable participants to be involved in the research process are called participant-centric initiatives (PCIs). Several PCIs have been reported in the literature, but no scoping reviews have been carried out. Moreover, detailed methods and features to aid in developing a clear definition of PCIs have not been sufficiently elucidated to date. OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review is to describe the recent trends in, and features of, PCIs across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan. METHODS We applied a methodology suggested by Levac et al to conduct this scoping review. We searched electronic databases—MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), Embase (Excerpta Medica Database), CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), PsycINFO, and Ichushi-Web—and sources of grey literature, as well as internet search engines—Google and Bing. We hand-searched through key journals and reference lists of the relevant articles. Medical research using ICT was eligible for inclusion if there was a description of the active involvement of the participants. RESULTS Ultimately, 21 PCIs were identified that have implemented practical methods and modes of various communication activities, such as patient forums and use of social media, in the field of medical research. Various methods of decision making that enable participants to become involved in setting the agenda were also evident. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review is the first study to analyze the detailed features of PCIs and how they are being implemented. By clarifying the modes and methods of various forms of communication and decision making with patients, this review contributes to a better understanding of patient-centric involvement, which can be facilitated by PCIs. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/resprot.7407

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