Minimizing Yield Losses of Sugarcane When Grown with a Wheat Companion Crop by Fertilizer and Water Management

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Verma ◽  
R. L. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
Companion Crop ◽  
Sequential Cropping

SUMMARYIn sub-tropical India where 70% of the country's sugarcane is grown, companion cropping of wheat in autumn-planted sugarcane is beneficial. However, because the yield of sugarcane is reduced, farmers there are reluctant to adopt this cropping system in spite of the greater monetary gains compared with wheat-sugarcane sequential cropping. Application of 200 kg nitrogen ha−1 to sugarcane in two doses, two-thirds immediately after the wheat harvest and the remainder a month later, combined with irrigation at 75% available soil moisture during the summer months (April–June), produced cane yields similar to those from sole autumn-planted sugarcane, with an additional 4.8 t ha−1 of wheat.

Effect of grazed lucerne on the moisture status of wheat-growing soils

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (90) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford ◽  
AD Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
New South ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
Available Soil Moisture

The effects of varying durations of lucerne ley and subsequent wheat cropping on the moisture status of contrasting wheat growing soils are reported from two experiments in northern New South Wales. Lucerne leys of 5 1/2, 3 1/2 and 1 1/2 years on a red brown earth and 3 1/2, 2 1/2, and 1 1/2 years on a black earth were compared with a wheat-cowpea rotation, long fallow and continuous wheat. Lucerne extracted available soil water within eight months of sowing to a depth of 100 cm, with partial extraction of water to 150 cm. Within 18 months available water to a depth of 200 cm had been extracted. Subsequent growth of lucerne was dependent on incident rainfall and water extraction from depths greater than 200 cm. Wheat extracted water from the soil only to a depth of 150 cm, and extracted less water to this depth than did lucerne. Lucerne extracted water beyond the -1 5 bar suction level. On the black earth, soil moisture at 150 cm had not been recharged before time for sowing the third wheat crop, 28 months after lucerne plough-out. On the red brown earth, after a drought enforced long fallow immediately following lucerne plough-out, soil water at 200 cm was recharged within 18 months. Available soil moisture after three to five months fallow following plough-out of the lucerne leys was much less than for a wheat cropping system, with a consequent severe reduction in the grain yield of the following wheat crop. On the black earth grain yield was reduced by 7.7 kg ha-1 for each reduction of 1 mm in available moisture in the first crop after lucerne plough-out. Data indicate that lucerne must be ploughed out before January if a severe reduction in yield of the following wheat crop is to be minimized.

scholarly journals Impact of Soil Moisture on Crop Yields in Major Rainfed Growing Regions of Peninsular India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Kumar Bal ◽  
H. S. Shivaramu ◽  
P. Vijaya Kumar ◽  
H. Lingaraj ◽  
V. M. Sandeep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Moisture Availability ◽  
Dry Farming ◽  
Stage Analysis

Abstract Assessment of soil moisture availability and timely declaration of drought are keys for exemplary relief assistance in water stressed regions. Percent available soil moisture (PASM) is one among several drought declaration indices, needs evaluation with respect to individual crop and cropping system, as the amount of water requirement varies with respect to crop and its growth stage. Analysis of yield variability due to PASM was carried out by employing correlation and linear regression analyses based on long term observations in experiments conducted at different dry farming locations of the peninsular India. The range of available soil moisture in order to obtain at least 50 per cent of optimum yield in cereals (maize: 26 and finger millet: 52.9 PASM), pulses (pigeonpea: 37.2 PASM), oilseeds (soybean: 26.8 to 30.5, groundnut: 53.8 to 61.7 PASM) and commercial crops (cotton: 26.3 PASM) was 26 to 61 per cent. Establishment of these regression models helped in timely drought declaration / precise identification of drought hit areas and assuring feasible relief assistance. The outcomes of the study may be used for amending the existing drought norms (0–50; severe, 50–75; mild and 75–100; no drought) for provision of proportionate compensations to the farmers.

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND PLANT POPULATION ON YIELD, FRUIT SPECK AND BLOSSOM-END ROT OF PROCESSING TOMATOES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. TAN ◽  
B. N. DHANVANTARI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Irrigation Effects ◽  
Processing Tomatoes

Two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars, Heinz-2653 and Campbell-28, were grown on Fox loamy sand in the subhumid region of southern Ontario from 1979 to 1982. Irrigation increased the marketable yields of H-2653 in a dry year, 1982, but not in the other years. Irrigation substantially increased marketable yields of C-28 in 1979 and 1982. Irrigation, when the available soil moisture (ASM) level reached 50%, was no more effective than when the ASM level in the soil was allowed to drop to 25%. Without irrigation yield increased as plant population increased in normal and wet years, but not in a dry year. Blossom-end rot (BER) of C-28 cultivar was markedly reduced by irrigation. Effects of irrigation or plant population treatments on the incidence of fruit speck did not appear to be significant.Key words: Available soil moisture, Lycopersicon esculentum, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, fruit speck

scholarly journals Productivity and Water Source of Intercropped Wheat and Rice in a Direct-sown Sequential Cropping System: The Effects of No-tillage and Drought

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morio Iijima ◽  
Tomoko Asai ◽  
Walter Zegada-Lizarazu ◽  
Yasunori Nakajima ◽  
Yukihiro Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Water Source ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Sequential Cropping

Biology and Control of Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum) in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Keeley ◽  
Robert J. Thullen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Accelerated Degradation ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Late Application ◽  
And Control ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Weed Resistance

A 4-yr study (1985, 1987, 1988, 1989) was conducted on the same field plots at Shafter, CA to evaluate the efficacy of prometryn in controlling black nightshade on planting beds of cotton. Two rates (1.7 and 2.2 kg ai ha–1) were applied at two times (mid March before the preplant irrigation and early April at cotton planting) each year. Incorporation of prometryn into moist planting beds with a powered rotary tiller operated at 10 cm deeper resulted in excellent control of black nightshade under low to moderate weed pressure in 1985 and 1987. Control of nightshade with early and late applications of 1.7 kg ha–1of prometryn under high weed pressure in 1988 was only 70% at harvest, and yield losses of cotton averaged 25%. Yields of cotton treated with 2.2 kg ha–1of prometryn in 1988 were not significantly different from weed-free plots. Only the late application of 2.2 kg ha–1of prometryn prevented significant cotton losses under extreme weed pressure in 1989. Cotton yield losses with the other prometryn treatments ranged from 78 to 100%. Losses of cotton in weedy-check plots that received only cultivation ranged from 22% in the absence of rain or irrigation at cotton planting in 1987 to as much as 100% when rain fell in 1988 or plots were irrigated at planting in 1989. Plots hoed one time 4 wk after cotton planting yielded an average of 84% as much seed cotton as weed-free plots. In an attempt to determine why the efficacy of prometryn declined between 1985 and 1989, several experiments were conducted in 1988 to 1990 to discover reasons for this poor control of nightshade. Because efforts failed to provide evidence for the movement of the herbicide with water, the development of weed resistance to prometryn, or accelerated degradation of this herbicide in soil, increasing weed seed populations in soil were believed to have contributed greatly to the declining nightshade control from prometryn. The fact that prometryn applied and incorporated into flat soil provided excellent control of nightshade in 1990 under sprinkler irrigation indicated that both soil moisture and incorporation techniques limited activity of prometryn in planting beds in 1988 and 1989. Incomplete control of nightshade plus good soil moisture at planting contributed to the high weed populations in 1988 and 1989.

scholarly journals Using globally available soil moisture indicators for flood modelling in Mediterranean catchments

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 10997-11033 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Massari ◽  
L. Brocca ◽  
S. Barbetta ◽  
C. Papathanasiou ◽  
M. Mimikou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Continuous Models ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
Risk Event ◽  
Mediterranean Regions

Abstract. Floods are one of the most dangerous natural hazards in Mediterranean regions. Flood forecasting tools and early warning systems can be very beneficial to reduce flood risk. Event-based rainfall runoff models are frequently employed for operational flood forecasting purposes because of their simplicity and the reduced number of parameters involved with respect to continuous models. However, the advantages that are related with the reduced parameterization face against the need for a correct initialization of the model, especially in areas affected by strong climate seasonality. On the other hand, the use of continuous models may be very problematic in poorly gauged areas. This paper introduces a simplified continuous rainfall-runoff model, which uses globally available soil moisture retrievals to identify the initial wetness condition of the catchment, and, only event rainfall data to simulate discharge hydrographs. The model calibration involves only 3 parameters. For soil moisture, beside in situ and modelled data, satellite products from the Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth observation (AMSR-E) sensors are employed. Additionally, the ERA-LAND reanalysis soil moisture product of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) is used. The model was tested in the small catchment of Rafina, 109 km2 located in the Eastern Attica region, Greece. Specifically, fifteen rainfall-runoff events were modelled by considering different configurations for the initial soil moisture conditions. Comparing the performance of the different soil moisture products, it was found that all global indicators allow reproducing fairly well the selected flood events providing much better results than the situation where a constant initial condition is provided. ERA-LAND slightly outperforms the satellite soil moisture products and in general, all the indicators give the same performance obtained by ground and continuously simulated soil moisture data. Due to the wide diffusion of globally available soil moisture retrievals and the small amount of parameters used, the proposed modelling approach is very suitable for runoff prediction in poorly gauged areas.

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