III.—On the Motion of Glaciers

1876 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 493-499
Author(s):  
J. F. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Reason ◽  
Geological Magazine

In a recent Number of the Geological Magazine Mr. Burns assumes that Geologists in general seem to be satisfied with Mr. Croll's theory of the motion of glaciers because they do not write in refutation of it. I am convinced that with some at least it requires no refutation, and its very obvious inadequacy is to them a sufficient reason for passing it over in silence. There cannot be wanting men who, appreciating the difficulty of the problem, can only smile at such a “solution.”

The Necessity of Sufficiency

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Structural Realism ◽  
Sufficient Reason ◽  
Divine Action ◽  
Ontic Structural Realism ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Principle Of Sufficient Reason ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Quantum Phenomena

There is an argument for the existence of God from the incompleteness of nature that is vaguely present in Plantinga’s recent work. This argument, which rests on the metaphysical implications of quantum physics and the philosophical deficiency of necessitarian conceptions of physical law, deserves to be given a clear formulation. The goal is to demonstrate, via a suitably articulated principle of sufficient reason, that divine action in an occasionalist mode is needed (and hence God’s existence is required) to bring causal closure to nature and render it ontologically functional. The best explanation for quantum phenomena and the most adequate understanding of general providence turns out to rest on an ontic structural realism in physics that is grounded in the immaterialist metaphysics of theistic idealism.

The Provenance of Consciousness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Vision
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Reason ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
Intrinsic Nature ◽  
Fundamental Particles ◽  
Principle Of Sufficient Reason

Unlike brute ‘entities’, if conscious states (c-states) are brute, it will be a consequence of their primitive—viz., not admitting further elaboration—connection to their material base, what is commonly known as emergence. One might suppose the chief challenge to emergence comes from various materialist counter-proposals. However, given the distinctive character of c-states, a class of critics describe even materialist reductions as objectionable forms of emergentism. Instead, their fallback position is a reinvigorated panpsychism: consciousness is the intrinsic nature of the most fundamental particles. In this chapter the author examines that form of panpsychism, tracing its roots to a version of the Principle of Sufficient Reason and to suggestions aired in Bertrand Russell’s struggles with the issue. He concludes that this panpsychism fails, leaving the field to materialism and emergentist dualism.

Being and Reason

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Reason ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Principle Of Sufficient Reason ◽  
Existence And Nonexistence ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Necessary Existence

In Being and Reason, Martin Lin offers a new interpretation of Spinoza’s core metaphysical doctrines with attention to how and why, in Spinoza, metaphysical notions are entangled with cognitive, logical, and epistemic ones. For example, according to Spinoza, a substance is that which can be conceived through itself, and a mode is that which is conceived through another. Thus, metaphysical notions, substance and mode, appear to be defined through a notion that is either cognitive or logical, being conceived through. What are we to make of the intimate connections that Spinoza sees between metaphysical, cognitive, logical, and epistemic notions? Or between being and reason? Lin argues against idealist readings according to which the metaphysical is reducible to or grounded in something epistemic, logical, or psychological. He maintains that Spinoza sees the order of being and the order of reason as two independent structures that mirror one another. In the course of making this argument, he develops new interpretations of Spinoza’s notions of attribute and mode, and of Spinoza’s claim that all things strive for self-preservation. Lin also argues against prominent idealist readings of Spinoza according to which the Principle of Sufficient Reason is absolutely unrestricted for Spinoza and is the key to his system. He contends, rather, that Spinoza’s metaphysical rationalism is a diverse phenomenon and that the Principle of Sufficient Reason is limited to claims about existence and nonexistence which are applied only once by Spinoza to the case of the necessary existence of God.

The question-view of logos

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Reason ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Integrative View ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
New View

Chapter 2 redefines the three basic concepts of any rhetoric: ethos, logos, and pathos. It relates these elements to the questioning process by which they are rhetorically linked. Special attention is given to logos as a way of answering and expressing questions. This leads to the development of a radically new view of language and the principles of thought. The passage of a propositionalist view of language and reason, indifferent to questioning, to a problematological one, based on questioning is studied through examples of sentences. This leads to an integrative view, in which texts are also seen as answers to questions taken up (partially, i.e. as points of view) by the audience or the reader. The chapter ends with a reformulation of the basic principles of thought (identity, sufficient reason, and non-contradiction) as the three principles necessary to deal with questions, answers, and their relationship.

scholarly journals To the Editor of the Geological Magazine

1867 ◽  
Vol 4 (34) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jas. Geikir
Keyword(s):  
Geological Magazine

scholarly journals I.—On the Distribution beyond the Tertiary Districts of White Clays and Sands subjacent to the Boulder-clay Drifts

1867 ◽  
Vol 4 (36) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Maw
Keyword(s):  
North Wales ◽  
Boulder Clay ◽  
Geological Magazine

The object of the following paper is to record some further observations on the distribution in North Wales of deposits of White Clays and Sands older than the Boulder-clay and its accompanying gravel drifts, similar to those in the neighbourhood of Llandudno, described in the Geological Magazine of May, 1865, and also to give a condensed summary of what records I have been able to collect of the occurrence of similar deposits in other parts of the kingdom.

An Upper Carboniferous Fauna from the Amotape Mountains, North-Western Peru

1928 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dighton Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Upper Carboniferous ◽  
North Western ◽  
Geological Magazine

As reported in the Geological Magazine, Vol. LX, 1923, p. 432, fossiliferous Carboniferous rocks were discovered by Messrs. C. Barrington Brown and R. A. Baldry in the Amotape Mountains of North-Western Peru, and their collection (comprising Cephalopoda, Lamellibranchia, Gasteropoda, Brachiopoda, Polyzoa, Crinoidea, etc.) presented to the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge. This was augmented in 1924 by the presentation of a further collection made during a new visit to the area. In addition to the kindness of the two field investigators in allowing this fauna to he examined by the author, the latter wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to Mr. C. Barrington Brown for drawing most of the figures.

Parmenides, Cosmology and Sufficient Reason

Apeiron ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
GregoryGregory Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Reason

scholarly journals I.—Notes on the Phylogeny of the Graptolites

1895 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 529-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Nicholson ◽  
J. E. Marr
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Future ◽  
Geological Magazine

Since the remarkable paper by Professor Lapworth “On an Improved Classification of the Rhabdophora” was published in the Geological Magazine for 1873, a great deal of fresh information has been gathered as to these interesting fossils; but the classification given in that paper, though to some extent confessedly artificial, is still generally adhered to. Observations made by the authors in recent years lead them to suppose that that classification will in the future undergo considerable modification; but in the present state of our knowledge it serves a purpose so useful, that it is not our intention to propose any immediate change in it. Our object, on the other hand, is to bring forward certain conclusions which we have independently reached, and which will, we believe, enhance the value of Graptolites to the stratigraphical geologist, and lead to results important to the biologist. Our conclusions are based upon an examination of a large number of forms generally referred to the family Dichograptidæ; but, as we propose very briefly to indicate, they affect the relationships of Graptolites belonging to other families also.

On the Age of Certain Species of Trigonia from the Jurassic Rocks of Kachh (Cutch)

1935 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Spath
Keyword(s):  
General Interest ◽  
Jurassic Rocks ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Critical Sections ◽  
Geological Magazine

One of the problems left unsolved in my “Revision of the Jurassic Cephalopod Fauna of Kachh” consisted of the determination of the exact age of certain Jurassic beds that had yielded (in addition to ammonites) species of Trigonia. Among these, T. smeei J. de C. Sowerby is of unusual, general interest; and, as readers of the Geological Magazine may remember, this species has been the subject of much controversy. It was one of the species whose “morphological position, viewed from the evolutionary standpoint”, caused them to be described as Cretaceous. Thanks to the continued researches of Mr. J. H. Smith, of Bhuj, who has been good enough to send me new collections from various critical sections in Kachh, I am now in a position to add to the evidence for a Jurassic age of a number of these species of Trigonia. If it be asked why, in a work on cephalopods, I have gone out of my way to express scepticism regarding the use of species of Trigonia for correlation, I can only say that this genus happened to be represented among the ammonite material sent to me. There is no reason, so far as I can see, why Trigonia should not be quite as useful for zonal purposes as ammonites. I have been equally sceptical about Stolley’s work on belemnites. But in either case I will leave the results to speak for themselves. It seems to me that if Upper Oxfordian species like Trigonia smeei and such allies as T. tenuis, T. tra-peziformis, T. remota Kitchin, not to mention the associated Astarte, Gervillia, Cucullaea, Exogyra, etc., could be claimed to be of Cretaceous age by one of the most eminent authorities, then it is time to remind the general palaeontologist again of what workers on ammonites have realized long ago.

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