The rolling simulation for cold work metal hardening

This article describes the results of a calculation and experimental analysis of destructive physical phenomena that appear in critical sections of industrial and power-related equipment, and lead to occurrence of various operational damages. It was shown that pipeline welded connections are the sections most prone to crack development, therefore the traditional strength calculations need to be combined with fracture mechanics criteria and thorough materials analysis of flawing and structural imperfection. The cold work hardening technique was proposed as a solution for the problem of critical sections performance property restoration. The technique uses surface plastic deformation phenomenon to change the material’s throughthickness stress distribution. In order to optimise surface hardening for welded connections prone to defect formation, we proposed a simulation for analysing an actual pipeline sections load. To assess the applicability of the simulation results, the cold work hardening technique was developed and introduced using a full-scale test sample for damaged areas of welded connections in ø426×40 vent pipes at Novovoronezh NPP Unit No.5.

Durable functions: semantics for stateful serverless

Serverless, or Functions-as-a-Service (FaaS), is an increasingly popular paradigm for application development, as it provides implicit elastic scaling and load based billing. However, the weak execution guarantees and intrinsic compute-storage separation of FaaS create serious challenges when developing applications that require persistent state, reliable progress, or synchronization. This has motivated a new generation of serverless frameworks that provide stateful abstractions. For instance, Azure's Durable Functions (DF) programming model enhances FaaS with actors, workflows, and critical sections. As a programming model, DF is interesting because it combines task and actor parallelism, which makes it suitable for a wide range of serverless applications. We describe DF both informally, using examples, and formally, using an idealized high-level model based on the untyped lambda calculus. Next, we demystify how the DF runtime can (1) execute in a distributed unreliable serverless environment with compute-storage separation, yet still conform to the fault-free high-level model, and (2) persist execution progress without requiring checkpointing support by the language runtime. To this end we define two progressively more complex execution models, which contain the compute-storage separation and the record-replay, and prove that they are equivalent to the high-level model.

Accident rate and degree of consistency on roads in a mountainous area of Perú

En el Perú, según los reportes históricos, la infraestructura vial no constituye un motivo de accidentes de tránsito; a pesar de que, según el estado del arte, los accidentes de tránsito se encuentran entre los diez primeros motivos de accidentes mortales a nivel mundial, hecho que es aún más visible en los países subdesarrollados. Los estudios sobre relieves montañosos (realidad de los países andinos) y para vehículos de carga son escasos. Por esta razón, se tomó como unidad de análisis una vía principal correspondiente a la red vial nacional, el objetivo fue establecer el nivel de consistencia de las vías de estudio y su incidencia en los accidentes de tránsito. Para ello, se establecieron los tramos críticos y su correspondencia con los accidentes de tráfico; se incorporaron al análisis tres tipos de vehículos (ligeros, de pasajeros y de carga); se utilizó la metodología de análisis de consistencia, en su modalidad de velocidad de operación para establecer los tramos críticos; se analizó la carretera bajo el criterio local y el criterio continuo. Los resultados muestran que existen tramos inconsistentes; el criterio local explica mejor la inconsistencia de la unidad de análisis respecto al criterio continuo. Con la regresión de Poisson, el modelo integral es significativo; las variables independientes optimizan conjuntamente el modelo. In Peru, according to historical reports, road infrastructure does not constitute a reason for traffic accidents; despite the fact that, according to the state of the art, traffic accidents are among the top ten reasons for fatal accidents worldwide, a fact that is even more visible in underdeveloped countries. Studies on mountainous reliefs (reality of the Andean countries) and for cargo vehicles are scarce. For this reason, a main road corresponding to the national road network was taken as the unit of analysis, the objective was to establish the level of consistency of the study roads and their incidence in traffic accidents. To this end, the critical sections and their correspondence with traffic accidents were established; three types of vehicles (light, passenger and cargo) were incorporated into the analysis; the consistency analysis methodology was used, in its operating speed modality to establish the critical sections; the road was analyzed under the local criterion and the continuous criterion. The results show that there are inconsistent sections; the local criterion explains better the inconsistency of the unit of analysis with respect to the continuous criterion. With Poisson regression, the integral model is significant; the independent variables jointly optimize the model.

Optimum Design of Combined Rectangular RCC Footing using GA

The paper presents an estimation of the optimum cost of an isolated and combined footing following the safety and serviceability guidelines of Indian Standard (IS) 456:2000. The optimization methods, i.e., genetic algorithm, with static penalty function approach is developed in MATLAB compliant for optimal design of isolated and combined rectangular footing. The objective function formulated is based on the total cost of footing which includes the cost of concrete, steel and formwork. The influence design variables the total cost of footing are length, width and depth of footing and area of steel(flexural) reinforcement for moment at critical sections. The footing design algorithm is developed according to the biaxial-isolated and biaxial-combined rectangular footing as per IS codes. The constraints, e.g., dimension of footing, restriction on bending, shear stresses and displacements, are considered in the footing design algorithm which acted as a subroutine to the developed optimization programs. Five numerical examples have been taken to solved and evaluate the versatility of the developed method and observe the efficacy of method.

The Revolution in the Iranian Disaster Management System in Controlling COVID-19 Pandemic

Managing the disastrous consequences of pandemics depends on the capacity of the governments to mitigate them. As the health system in Iran was undertaking economic issues because of sanctions, the government has been forced to make major and urgent decisions while anticipating the economic, social, and political effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, Iran has integrated all critical sections of the community to provide a unified command structure to involve all stakeholders. In this regard, we present a disaster management structure in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. We hope to provide information on the advantages that might change disaster management structure in pandemics.

Influencing factors of hand hygiene in critical sections of a brazilian hospital

Introduction: The aim of this study was to monitor adherence to hand hygiene by health professionals working in critical sections and to assess the factors that influenced adherence, such as physical structure of the units, use of procedure gloves, employment bond of the worker, and perception of patient safety climate. Methodology: Observational and correlational study carried out in critical areas of a university hospital in the Midwest region of Brazil. Results: The overall hand hygiene adherence rate was 46.2% (n = 3,025). Adherence was higher among nurses 59.8% (n = 607) than among nursing technicians (p < 0.001), and the section with the greatest adherence was the neonatal Intensive Care Unit 62.9% (n = 947) (p < 0.001). Unlike the neonatal unit, in the adult unit the dispensers of alcohol-based handrubs were poorly located, without arms reach, and the taps were manual. In this section, a greater frequency of procedure glove use was also observed, 90.6% (n = 536), as compared to the other sections (p < 0.001). Regarding safety climate perception, temporary employees had higher means as compared to regular employees (p = 0.0375). Conclusions: Hand hygiene adherence was affected and/or influenced by the physical structure, use of procedure gloves, work regime, and patient safety climate.

A new rating system for hydrogeological risk management along railway infrastructures in Prealpine zone (northern Italy)

Railway infrastructures in mountain areas often develop along hillslopes affected by geomorphological and hydrogeological processes which might lead hazardous events. Therefore, specific tools for risk analysis and management are required. This paper develops a new rating system (Railway Hydrogeological Management System, RHMS), based on a heuristic method which considers the susceptibility to different types of slope instabilities, as well as the peculiar features affecting the railway vulnerability. The proposed method introduces an iterative approach for the risk assessment, based on the definition of acceptability thresholds for the residual risk. The application of this method to a test area pointed out its feasibility, as well as its operational capability to identify the critical sections of the infrastructure, in which protection or mitigation measures are needed in order to reduce the risk.

Special Hook Design for Hatch Cover Stocking Gantry Crane, Strength, Numerical Analysis under Static Loading

In this study, Computer-Aided Design (CAM) of special crane hooks used to close the stack type hatch covers used for sea freight transport, which is of great importance in our world, has been made. In this design, bolt and pin connections were preferred in the connections of the hook with the crane, as well as the connection with the welding performed in other studies. Thanks to these fasteners, corrosion events caused by the place of use and environmental conditions will also be prevented, and the strength values and reliability of the material will be increased. Critical sections with high-stress values on this design were determined by the Finite Element Method (FEM) with ANSYS R3 analysis program. In this design, the necessary improvements and strength calculations of the hook were made. Numerical calculations performed by the FEM and strength calculation results were compared. Results overlap: This, in turn, has been associated with the fact that the design made for us provides an optimal level of efficiency. These calculations are based on the data of St-37 structural steel. According to the results of these strength calculations, improvements were made in the design. As a result of improvements in special design and strength values for hatch cover stocking gantry Crane hooks, the design is expected to be standardized.

Special Hook Design for Hatch Cover Stocking Gantry Crane, Strength, Numerical Analysis under Static Loading

In this study, Computer-Aided Design (CAM) of special crane hooks used to close the stack type hatch covers used for sea freight transport, which is of great importance in our world, has been made. In this design, bolt and pin connections were preferred in the connections of the hook with the crane, as well as the connection with the welding performed in other studies. Thanks to these fasteners, corrosion events caused by the place of use and environmental conditions will also be prevented, and the strength values and reliability of the material will be increased. Critical sections with high-stress values on this design were determined by the Finite Element Method (FEM) with ANSYS R3 analysis program. In this design, the necessary improvements and strength calculations of the hook were made. Numerical calculations performed by the FEM and strength calculation results were compared. Results overlap: This, in turn, has been associated with the fact that the design made for us provides an optimal level of efficiency. These calculations are based on the data of St-37 structural steel. According to the results of these strength calculations, improvements were made in the design. As a result of improvements in special design and strength values for hatch cover stocking gantry Crane hooks, the design is expected to be standardized.