Strain estimation from distorted vertebrate fossils: application of the Wellman method

2006 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
JYOTI SHAH ◽  
DEEPAK C. SRIVASTAVA
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Finite Strain ◽  
Computer Graphic ◽  
Principal Strain ◽  
Graphic Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
Small Segment ◽  
Strain Estimation

Distortion of the vertebral column in fossils can be used for the estimation of two-dimensional finite strain by a simple geometrical technique, namely the Wellman method. We demonstrate application of the Wellman method to the distorted vertebral columns of a reptile and a stem-chordate, and use the results to restore the undistorted fossil shapes by a computer graphic method. The Wellman method is particularly efficient in situations where independent evidence for the principal strain directions, or undistorted forms, are lacking. The method is purely geometrical, easy to use, and rapid. It involves relatively low error, and works even when only a small segment of the distorted vertebral column is preserved.

Computer analysis of two-dimensional gels: semi-automatic matching.

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Miller ◽  
P K Vo ◽  
C Nielsen ◽  
E P Geiduschek ◽  
N H Xuong
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Computer Graphic ◽  
Automatic Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Program System ◽  
Graphic Display ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Automatic Matching ◽  
Editing Process

Abstract We describe a computer program system for finding, quantitating, and matching the protein spots resolved on a two-dimensional electropherogram. The programs that locate and quantitate the incorporation of radioactivity into individual spots are totally automatic, as are the programs for matching protein spots between two exposures of the same gel. A semi-automatic method is used to match protein spots between different gels. This procedure is quite fast with the use of a computer-graphic display, which is also helpful in the editing process. A data base is set up and programs have been written to correlate matched protein spots from multi-gel experiments and to efficiently plot out quantitative data from sequences of equivalent spots from many gels or even many multi-gel experiments. The practical use of this system is discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of Radial Segmentation of Point Clouds Using K-D Trees with the Algorithm Rejecting Subtrees

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Orlof ◽  
Paweł Ozimek ◽  
Piotr Łabędź ◽  
Adrian Widłak ◽  
Mateusz Nytko
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphic ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Binary Trees ◽  
Graphic Method ◽  
Triangulated Irregular Network ◽  
Mathematical Algorithm

This paper presents an innovative computer graphic method for viewshed generation from big point clouds. The proposed approach consists in simplification of typical methods for viewshed formation that are based on sorting and binary trees. The proposed method is based on the k-d tree concept optimized with radial segmentation and a dedicated mathematical algorithm for subtree rejection. The final visualization of the viewshed is designed with a graphic method using triangulated irregular network (TIN) surfaces from the accepted subtrees.

On the Origin of Stiffening in Biopolymers

2005 ◽  
Vol 874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Van der Giessen ◽  
Teun Koeman ◽  
Teun Van Dillen ◽  
Patrick Onck
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Finite Strain ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Small Strains ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
A Minor

AbstractStrain stiffening of protein networks is explored by means of a finite strain analysis of a two-dimensional network model of cross-linked semiflexible filaments. The results show that stiffening is caused by non-affine network rearrangements that govern a transition from a bending dominated response at small strains to a stretching dominated response at large strains. Thermally-induced filament undulations only have a minor effect; they merely postpone the transition.

scholarly journals Algebra of Nonlocal Charges in Supersymmetric Nonlinear Sigma Models

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 419-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Saltini ◽  
A. Zadra
Keyword(s):  
Sigma Models ◽  
Sigma Model ◽  
Graphic Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Conserved Charges ◽  
Classical Algebra ◽  
Dirac Brackets ◽  
Yangian Algebra ◽  
Graphic Methods ◽  
Nonlinear Sigma Models

We propose a graphic method to derive the classical algebra (Dirac brackets) of nonlocal conserved charges in the two-dimensional supersymmetric nonlinear O(N) sigma model. As in the purely bosonic theory we find a cubic Yangian algebra. We also consider the extension of graphic methods to other integrable theories.

Directional properties of polygons and their application to finite strain estimation

1981 ◽  
Vol 74 (3-4) ◽  
pp. T33-T42 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K. Harvey ◽  
C.C. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Finite Strain ◽  
Strain Estimation

Hand-held model of a sarcomere to illustrate the sliding filament mechanism in muscle contraction

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karnyupha Jittivadhna ◽  
Pintip Ruenwongsa ◽  
Bhinyo Panijpan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Computer Graphic ◽  
Alternative Conceptions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Thin Filaments ◽  
Transverse Expansion ◽  
Thin Elements ◽  
Common Items ◽  
Graphic Displays

From our teaching of the contractile unit of the striated muscle, we have found limitations in using textbook illustrations of sarcomere structure and its related dynamic molecular physiological details. A hand-held model of a striated muscle sarcomere made from common items has thus been made by us to enhance students' understanding of the sliding filament mechanism as well as their appreciation of the spatial arrangements of the thick and thin filaments. The model proves to be quite efficacious in dispelling some alternative conceptions held by students exposed previously only to two-dimensional textbook illustrations and computer graphic displays. More importantly, after being taught by this hand-held device, electronmicrographic features of the A and I bands, H zone, and Z disk can be easily correlated by the students to the positions of the thick and thin elements relatively sliding past one another. The transverse expansion of the sarcomere and the constancy of its volume upon contraction are also demonstrable by the model.

Numerical modelling of strain localization by anisotropy generation during viscous deformation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Halter ◽  
Emilie Macherel ◽  
Thibault Duretz ◽  
Stefan M. Schmalholz
Keyword(s):  
Strain Localization ◽  
Finite Strain ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Thermal Softening ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Viscous Deformation ◽  
Viscous Material ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Impact

<p>Localization and softening mechanisms in a deforming lithosphere are important for subduction initiation or the generation of tectonic nappes during orogeny. Many localization mechanisms have been proposed as being important during the viscous, creeping, deformation of the lithosphere, such as thermal softening, grain size reduction, reaction-induced softening or anisotropy development. However, which localization mechanism is the controlling one and under which deformation conditions is still contentious. In this contribution, we focus on strain localization in viscous material due to the generation of anisotropy, for example due to the development of a foliation. We numerically model the generation and evolution of anisotropy during two-dimensional viscous deformation in order to quantify the impact of anisotropy development on strain localization and on the effective softening. We use a pseudo-transient finite difference (PTFD) method for the numerical solution. We calculate the finite strain ellipse during viscous deformation. The aspect ratio of the finite strain ellipse serves as proxy for the magnitude of anisotropy, which determines the ratio of normal to tangential viscosity. To track the orientation of the anisotropy during deformation, we apply the so-called director method. We will present first results of our numerical simulations and discuss their application to natural shear zones.</p>

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