Linear equation systems for structural analysis: imagining resolutions

This work is based on a study into new ways of resolving the equilibrium equation systems for manual analyses of certain structures commonly found in building. It suggests finding solutions based on images that reproduce the operations of current methods, which may inspire the design of others that qualitatively reflect those of other more effective procedures. To date three methods (Gauss, Cholesky & Crout) have been imagined: (i) by “visualising” their operations through the mechanical behaviour of models during the equilibrium phase. These visualisations may help suggest other physical responses that can balance models more quickly and identify with new, more direct numerical methods; (ii) by “geometrising” operations by means of lines sketched freehand. This geometrisation may reveal hidden links between the parts of the calculation of current methods that enable more direct but equally precise new methods to be created. The paper shows four images to reinforce these viewpoints. Two visualise the methods of Gauss-Jordan and Cramer, confirming that the abstract procedures that resolve the systems may be linked to specific mechanical behaviours. The other two geometrise the resolutions by Gauss and Gauss-Jordan when the stiffness matrices are asymmetric. Their systems could emerge from the analysis of cracked models or from obtaining the equivalent actions in the P-Δ method, in line with a procedure drawn up previously. The paper ends by geometrising the resolution of a system at different scales and comparing the outcomes with those of numerical methods. The results (i) confirm that geometrising scalar and vectorial magnitudes for numerical analysis procedures reduces application times if they are calculated freehand; and (ii) point to possible lines of research for developing further graphic methods that can analyse other types of structure directly and accurately.

The Effects of Using a Case Study Method for Environmental Education

The purpose of the study was to do a comparative analysis of the quality of the case study method for developing practical skills related to environmentally friendly behavior that is in line with the professional orientations of two student groups of different non-environmental specialties. Research methods included an ascertaining and forming experiment; questionnaires with open and closed questions; project modeling; collection and mathematical and statistical evaluation of empirical data; graphic methods of statistical data processing; comparative analysis of the findings; functional analysis of empirical data; analysis of causal relationships; and generalization and forecasting. According to the results of secondary diagnostics that involved the distribution of students by zones of success, revealed a significant increase in indicators of activity-behavioral aspects of professionally oriented environmental education. In Group I, 3.1% of students were in the area of undesirable indicators, and in Group II, it was 4.0%. The neutral area with confused tendencies was occupied by 33.8% of students of Group I, and 20.3% of Group II. The targeted area of clearly positive dynamics involved 63.1% of Group I, and of Group II, 75.7%. Further enquiry into the research issue should relate to enhancing the case study method in the framework of environmental education.

FORMATION OF THE COMMUNICATIVE AND OPERATIONAL GRAPHIC COMPETENCIES OF THE ARCHITECTURE STUDENTS

The publication is devoted to the problem of the formation of the communicative and operational graphic competencies of the architecture students. The parallels are drawn between the design and artistic activities of the students. The forms of search and implementation of a creative idea by the graphic means are studied. The paper reveals modern approaches to the professional communication by graphic methods, means of forming environmental mise-en-scenes, featuring the functional and activity, emotional and figurative, etc. components of the architectural concept. The parallels are drawn between the theatrical and scenographic approach, cinema storyboard and the method of featuring sequential environmental impressions in the architectural sketches. The potential of formal art in enhancing the emotional-compositional component of students’ works are researched.

A review of Turkey’s high-speed rail experience

The multidimensional characteristics of the HSR networks make debated the benefits of them. In this context, the aim of this study is to review of Turkey’s HSR systems from spatial equity perspective within the framework of recent research and developments. The latest secondary data from the official statistics of the Ministries of Development; Environment and Urbanization; Industry and Technology of Turkey has been used for the purpose of the analysis. The research methods included: critical analysis of the source literature, analysis of secondary data (desk-research) and graphic methods (tables and maps), by means of which the results of the study have been presented. The main argument of study is that considering the current geographical location of the HSR network of the country, it creates challenges in terms of spatial equity and deepens the regional polarization. The existing HSR network has facilitated mobility, especially in terms of domestic tourism. However, the usage of the HSR by a limited part of population and restrictions applied due to the COVID-19 pandemic question the amount of returns of the HSR’s costs, which are enough expensive investments in Turkey. On the other hand, increasing inequalities arising from the HSR infrastructures shaped on the basis of factors such as the geographical features of the country, general development level, population and demand density, are tried to be minimized by roadway and airway alternatives.

Implementation of the Six Sigma Methodology in Increasing the Capability of Processes in the Company of the Furniture Industry of the Slovak Republic

The aim of the article is to present the results of a case study focused on the implementation of the Six Sigma methodology in order to improve the quality and increase the efficiency of furniture production processes. Positive results of implementation after the implementation of corrective measures were achieved in the values of process capability coefficients, reduction of nonconformities and subsequent reduction of DPMO, increase of the values of the level of efficiency and sigma of the critical process.In the processing of the results, classical methods of research work were used such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, descriptive statistics, coefficients Cp a Cpk, DPMO, level of efficienty and sigma, and also graphic methods.

Investment in lease: Problems and prospects of lease in Russia today

Subject. The article focuses on the current situation, key trends and difficulties in lease operations in Russia as a driver of business investment and economic, investing and innovative activities for the national economic growth. Objectives. I analyze the evolution of lease as a pipeline of new investment to the real economy of Russia, which is intended to renew, retrofit and upgrade fixed assets in various and the most vulnerable sectors. I also approach it as an indirect mechanism for creating new jobs, reduce costs and improve the production efficiency. Methods. The study is based on methods of logic, statistical, qualitative and quantitative analysis, and graphic methods of data visualization. Results. Having analyzed lease operations, I discovered factors catalyzing its development, and determined the future of the lease mechanism in Russia. I considered car lease, lease in manufacturing, agriculture, transport, construction of transport infrastructure, etc. as possible drivers of lease in the country. The article mentions how the State should support lease in the country. Conclusions and Relevance. The lease market in Russia should develop so that the lease mechanism could be better and more effectively used to ensure the sustainable development of the Russian economy.

Innovate forms of project financing under the conditions of globalization

Research background: Innovative approaches to financing innovative projects are a very important part of innovation and project management in the current global environment, given the rapid pace of the market. The article submitted consists of four parts. The first part deals with the issue of project financing as well as innovative approaches to project financing. The second part describes them as current forms of financing in the form of individual forms of financing for innovative projects, but also as a combined form of financing for innovative projects with classic forms of internal and external financial resources. The third part of the article consists of an analysis of market developments, the volume of countries using innovative forms of crowdfunding project financing. Part three also includes a discussion. The fourth part deals with conclusions on the subject. Purpose of the article: To describe innovative forms of project funding in a global innovation environment through entrepreneurial angels and crowdfunding. One of the objectives of the present article is to analyses the global development of the market, the volume of countries using innovative forms of project financing through crowdfunding. Methods: In the processing of the present paper, a descriptive method, analysis, mathematical and statistical methods, graphic methods, comparison and synthesis were used. Findings & Value added: Will provide an overview of the global market for crowdfunding. It includes financing models such as P2P consumer credit and P2P business loans, real estate crowdfunding, invoice trading, balance sheet loans, etc.

Creative accounting as one of the global tools for detecting fraud in Europe

Research background: The issue of fraud is a real and not an exceptional phenomenon in today’s global economies. Fraud arises in businesses at different levels and from different motivations. However, with the development of fraud, methods are also being developed to help detect such fraud. Therefore, the present paper focused on creative accounting as one of the global tools for detecting these scams. The present paper consists of four parts. The first part deals with the issue of creative accounting. The second part describes fraud techniques such as “windows dressing”, “off-balance-sheet financing” and “earnings management”. The third part of the article consists of an analysis of the development of fraud detection in Central and Western Europe. The third part also includes a discussion. The fourth part deals with the conclusions on the issue. Purpose of the article: describe the issue of creative accounting as one of the global tools for detecting fraud. One of the aims of this paper is also to analyse the development of fraud detection in Central and Western Europe. Methods: In the processing of the present paper, a descriptive method, analysis, mathematical and statistical methods, graphic methods, comparison and synthesis were used. Findings & Value added: provide an overview of the conditions for the creation of creative accounting, detection procedures, and the fight against creative accounting. The result of this article is a comprehensive view of the global frauds of Central and Western Europe.

Impact of Credit Market Development on Project Financing

The purpose of our report is to assess the prospects and sentiment for bank financing in the real estate sector in Europe, based on the views of bank representatives from 15 European countries. The presented paper is devoted to the issue of project financing. The aim is to provide an analytical overview of the issue of project financing as a specific credit financing instrument with the current access to finance for banks in Europe. The paper consists of four parts. The first part deals with the issue of project financing, the different dates of project financing and classifies project financing in terms of penalties. The second part of the paper aims to clarify the alternative method of project financing and analysis of banks in Europe. The third part of the article addressed the concrete results of the analysis and carried out discussion. Describes the volumes of credit transactions. The fourth part deals with the conclusion of the issue of project financing. A descriptive method, analysis, mathematical-statistical methods, graphic methods, comparison and synthesis was used in the processing of the paper submitted. The result of this article is that, in the future, the general financing conditions are expected to remain relatively favourable across Europe. This may be due in particular to competitive pressure contributing to milder credit conditions. However, trade tensions, declining investments, as well as policy concerns on a global scale, may curb such optimism for the next few years.