Late Pliocene volcaniclastic products from Southern Apennines: distal witness of early explosive volcanism in the central Tyrrhenian Sea

AbstractTwo volcaniclastic successions intercalated in Pliocene basinal clays from the Southern Apennines have been analysed to determine their provenance and their relationship with the geodynamic evolution of the Western Mediterranean. The studied deposits are exclusively made up of ashy pyroclasts, dominated by fresh acidic to intermediate glass, mostly in the form of shards, pumice fragments and groundmass fragments with vitrophyric texture. Crystals include Pl, Opx, Cpx, Hbl and rare Bt. Sedimentological features suggest that the volcanic material accumulated near the basin margin by primary fallout processes and was later remobilized by density currents. 40Ar–39Ar geochronology allowed dating of one succession at 2.24±0.06 Ma, corresponding to the Late Pliocene. Composition of the volcaniclastic material is typical of a transitional high-K calc-alkaline series. The age and chemical composition constrain the provenance of the volcaniclastic rocks from the Southern Tyrrhenian domain. Here, volcanic centres were active during Pliocene time, approximately at the northern end of a volcanic arc formed before the opening of the southernmost part of the sea. This paper shows that a detailed study of volcaniclastic products from the southern Apennines and Calabria can be very useful in collecting new pieces of information on the eruption history of the southern Tyrrhenian domain, since they record additional data not available from the study of exposed volcanic edifices.

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Structures megametriques et evolution de la mer Tyrrhenienne et des zones perityrrheniennes

BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin ◽

10.2113/gssgfbull.s7-iv.5.760 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol S7-IV (5) ◽

pp. 760-773 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Claude Grandjacquet

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Middle Miocene ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Western Mediterranean ◽

Tyrrhenian Sea ◽

African Continent ◽

Lower Eocene ◽

Structural History ◽

History Of

Abstract A large view of the evolution and structural history of the Tyrrhenian sea and bordering areas suggests that towards the end of the Permian distensions occurring in the western Mediterranean resulted in the opening of a passage to the Atlantic. Lower Eocene deformations along the Sicilian-Tunisian front were either due to local marginal disequilibrium or to the northern drift of the African continent. Oligocene emergence is evident in the Apennines and in Calabria through the existence of widespread hiatuses and by bauxitic and ferruginous beds. Large scale Oligocene movements brought the African continent to its maximum proximity with Europe. It was in the same period that the clay scaglia and flysch nappes began sliding in Tuscany although the movement of Calabrian nappes in southern Italy did not occur until the lower and middle Miocene.

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Palaeogene alluvial–volcaniclastic deposits in the Mesta Basin (SW Bulgaria): depositional setting and basin evolution

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s001675680999046x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 147 (3) ◽

pp. 321-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

ANDREAS SIEMES ◽

TOM McCANN ◽

ANNE FISCHER

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Activity ◽

Drainage System ◽

Explosive Volcanism ◽

Late Eocene ◽

Sediment Supply ◽

Tectonic Activity ◽

Density Currents ◽

Volcanic Material ◽

Sedimentary Evolution ◽

Sedimentary Architecture

AbstractThe Mesta half-graben is one in a series of extensional basins in SW Bulgaria that record the onset of extension within the Rhodope Zone in the Late Eocene. Tectonic activity on a continuous detachment along the eastern margin was a major control on subsidence, accommodation space creation, sediment supply and facies distribution in the basin. The sedimentary architecture was complicated by synsedimentary rotation, the presence of intrabasinal faults and the resulting compartmentalization, as well as synsedimentary volcanic activity. Facies and structural analysis of a key transverse section in the central part of the basin, together with supporting observations from other parts of the basin, indicate a pulsed tectono-sedimentary evolution of the basin with three distinct stages. The first stage (Late Eocene) is a phase of rapid extension with an initial alluvial setting. Basin margin fans and an axial fluvial through-drainage system were the major depositional systems in this stage. The second stage (Early Oligocene) marks the onset of volcanic activity within the Mesta Basin and is characterized by the formation of volcanic centres, an intense phase of explosive volcanism and rapid infilling of the previous basin topography with volcanic material deposited from pyroclastic density currents. The third stage (Late Oligocene) represents waning volcanic activity in a mixed alluvial–volcaniclastic environment. This stage is characterized by alternating alluvial and volcaniclastic depositional cycles, as well as partial reworking of volcanic material.

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A BATALHA DE MYLAE: Por uma nova história militar da Idade Antiga

Outros Tempos – Pesquisa em Foco - História ◽

10.18817/ot.v16i28.704 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (28) ◽

pp. 184-199

Author(s):

LEONARDO DA COSTA FERREIRA

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Military History ◽

Western Mediterranean ◽

Economic Power ◽

Tyrrhenian Sea ◽

African City ◽

Economic Context ◽

New Directions ◽

History Of ◽

Punic Wars

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de realizar um estudo sobre um mportante acontecimento militar e naval ocorrido na Antiguidade, que seria a Batalha de Mylae, em 260 a.C. Uma disputa pelo controle da ilha da Sicália e pelas rotas comerciais do Mar Tirreno. Luta travada entre a cidade africana de Cartago, uma potência econômica com várias colônias no Mediterrá¢neo Ocidental garantido por uma enorme frota mercante e militar e a cidade europeia de Roma, uma potência em expansão pela penánsula itálica sustentada por um poderoso exército terrestre. A trajetória da escrita envolve não só uma análise sobre o contexto polático e econômico da sociedade cartaginesa e romana, mas também sobre as motivações geopoláticas que transformaram um conflito local em uma guerra em larga escala, as chamadas guerras púnicas. Por fim, deve-se ressaltar que o texto discute os novos rumos das pesquisas no campo da história militar, em particular, no mundo acadêmico ocidental.Palavra-chave: Cartago. Roma. Batalha de Mylae. THE BATTLE OF MYLAE: For a new military history of the Old AgeAbstract: This article aims to conduct a study on an important military and naval event that occurred in Antiquity, which would be the Battle of Mylae, in 260 BC. It was a dispute over control of the island of Sicily and the commercial routes of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Struggle between the african city of Carthage, an economic power with several colonies in the Western Mediterranean guaranteed by an enormous merchant and military fleet and the European city of Rome, a powerhouse in expansion by the Italian Peninsula supported by a powerful terrestrial army. The trajectory of writing involves an analysis of the political and economic context of Carthaginian and Roman societies, but also about the geopolitical motivations that transformed a local conflict into a large-scale war referred to as the Punic Wars. Finally, the text discusses the new directions of research in the field of military history, particularly in the Western academic world.Keywords: Carthage. Rome. Battle of Mylae. LA BATALLA DE MILAS: Por uma nueva historia militar de la Edad AntiguaResumen: El presente artáculo tiene el objetivo de realizar un estudio sobre un importante acontecimiento militar y naval ocurrido en la Antigá¼edad, que seráa la Batalla de Milas, en 260 a. C. Una disputa por el control de la isla de Sicilia y las rutas comerciales del Mar Tirreno. Lucha trabada entre la ciudad africana de Cartago, una potencia económica con varias colonias en el Mediterráneo Occidental garantizado por una enorme flota mercante y militar y la ciudad europea de Roma, una potencia en expansión por la penánsula itálica sostenida por un poderoso ejército terrestre. La trayectoria de la escritura implica un análisis sobre el contexto polático y económico de las sociedades cartaginesas y romanas, pero también sobre las motivaciones geopoláticas que transformaron un conflicto local en una guerra a gran escala, las llamadas guerras púnicas. Por último, se debe resaltar que el texto discute los nuevos rumbos de las investigaciones en el campo de la historia militar, en particular, en el mundo académico occidental.Palabras clave: Cartago. Roma. Batalla de Milas.

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Direct dating reveals the early history of opium poppy in western Europe

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-76924-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aurélie Salavert ◽

Antoine Zazzo ◽

Lucie Martin ◽

Ferran Antolín ◽

Caroline Gauthier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Western Europe ◽

Western Alps ◽

Western Mediterranean ◽

Opium Poppy ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Macrobotanical Remains ◽

History Of ◽

Temperate Europe ◽

Radiocarbon Chronology ◽

Botanical Remains

AbstractThis paper aims to define the first chrono-cultural framework on the domestication and early diffusion of the opium poppy using small-sized botanical remains from archaeological sites, opening the way to directly date minute short-lived botanical samples. We produced the initial set of radiocarbon dates directly from the opium poppy remains of eleven Neolithic sites (5900–3500 cal BCE) in the central and western Mediterranean, northwestern temperate Europe, and the western Alps. When possible, we also dated the macrobotanical remains originating from the same sediment sample. In total, 22 samples were taken into account, including 12 dates directly obtained from opium poppy remains. The radiocarbon chronology ranges from 5622 to 4050 cal BCE. The results show that opium poppy is present from at least the middle of the sixth millennium in the Mediterranean, where it possibly grew naturally and was cultivated by pioneer Neolithic communities. Its dispersal outside of its native area was early, being found west of the Rhine in 5300–5200 cal BCE. It was introduced to the western Alps around 5000–4800 cal BCE, becoming widespread from the second half of the fifth millennium. This research evidences different rhythms in the introduction of opium poppy in western Europe.

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The Pressure‐Temperature‐time‐deformation history of the Beni Mzala unit (Upper Sebtides, Rif belt, Morocco): Refining the Alpine tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the Alboran Domain of the Western Mediterranean

Journal of Metamorphic Geology ◽

10.1111/jmg.12587 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Marrone ◽

Patrick Monié ◽

Federico Rossetti ◽

Federico Lucci ◽

Thomas Theye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Western Mediterranean ◽

Deformation History ◽

Metamorphic Evolution ◽

Time Deformation ◽

Rif Belt ◽

History Of ◽

Temperature Time

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A New Prediction Model on the Luminance of OLEDs Subjected to Different Reverse Biases for Alleviating Degradation in AMOLED Displays

2014 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems ◽

10.1115/isps2014-6964 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Paul C.-P. Chao ◽

Yen-Ping Hsu ◽

Yung-Hua Kao ◽

Kuei-Yu Lee

Keyword(s):

Reverse Bias ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Life Time ◽

Density Currents ◽

High Brightness ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Wide Viewing Angle ◽

Time Operation ◽

Long Time ◽

History Of

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have drawn much attention in areas of displays and varied illumination devices due to multiple advantages, such as high brightness, high efficiency, wide viewing angle, and simple structure. However, the long-time degradation of OLED emission is a serious drawback. This degradation was investigated by past works, which pointed out that the degradation was induced by high-density currents through OLED component under the long-time operation [1][2]. Proposed by a past work [3], different reverse biases was imposed on OLED components in display frames to alleviate the long-time degradation on OLEDs. Most recently, along with the reverse bias, new pixel circuits [4][5] for AMOLED displays are designed to alleviate OLED degradation, thus successfully extending OLED life time. However, since emission luminances in different frame times during AMOLED displaying differs significantly for displaying varied images, the OLED degradation evolves in a highly unpredictable fashion. In this study, based on valid theories, the voltage across the OLED is first used as indicator for OLED degradation. Then the relation between the level of OLED degradation, in terms of OLED’s cross voltage, and the history of imposing reverse biases are precisely modeled. With the model, the degradation of the OLED under reverse bias to extend lifetime can be successfully predicted. Based on this model, engineers can then optimize the applied reverse bias on OLEDs to maximize the OLED lifetime for varied display requirement.

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New K-Ar dates and the late Pliocene to Holocene geomorphic history of the central Rio Grande region, New Mexico

Geological Society of America Bulletin ◽

10.1130/0016-7606(1978)89<283:nkdatl>2.0.co;2 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 283 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

G. O. BACHMAN ◽

H. H. MEHNERT

Keyword(s):

New Mexico ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Late Pliocene ◽

History Of

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Institutions of Ancient Roman Law

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198785521.013.9 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Luigi Capogrossi Colognesi

Keyword(s):

Western Mediterranean ◽

Roman Law ◽

Private Institutions ◽

Public And Private ◽

Family Wealth ◽

Medieval Europe ◽

History Of ◽

The Republic ◽

Unique Source ◽

First Time

This chapter gives a rapid overview of the history of Roman public and private institutions, from their early beginning in the semi-legendary age of the kings to the later developments of the Imperial age. A turning point has been the passage from the kingdom to the republic and the new foundation of citizenship on family wealth, instead of the exclusiveness of clan and lineages. But still more important has been the approval of the written legislation of the XII Tables giving to all citizens a sufficient knowledge of the Roman legal body of consuetudinary laws. From that moment, Roman citizenship was identified with personal freedom and the rule of law. Following political and military success, between the end of IV and the first half of III century bce Rome was capable of imposing herself as the central power in Italy and the western Mediterranean. From that moment Roman hegemony was exercised on a growing number of cities and local populations, organized in the form of Roman of Latin colonies or as Roman municipia. Only in the last century bce were these different statutes unified with the grant of Roman citizenship to all Italians. In this same period the Roman civil law, which was applied to private litigants by the Roman praetors, had become a very complex and sophisticated system of rules. With the empire the system did not change abruptly, although the Princeps did concentrate in his hands the last power of the judiciary and became the unique source of new legislation. In that way, for the first time, the Roman legal system was founded on rational and coherent schemes, becoming a model, which Antiquity transmitted to the late medieval Europe.

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A Histological Study of Ovarian Development in the Giant Red ShrimpAristaeomorpha foliacea(Crustacea: Decapoda: Aristeidae) from the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (Western Mediterranean)

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/289608 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anna Perdichizzi ◽

Laura Pirrera ◽

Valeria Micale ◽

Ugo Muglia ◽

Paola Rinelli

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Development ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Histological Study ◽

Western Mediterranean ◽

Ovary Development ◽

Tyrrhenian Sea ◽

Length Frequency ◽

Southern Tyrrhenian Sea ◽

Aristaeomorpha Foliacea ◽

Trawl Surveys

The reproductive features of the giant red shrimp,Aristaeomorpha foliacea, were investigated in the southern Tyrrhenian sea by experimental trawl sampling. The annual length-frequency distribution showed a multimodal trend in females, ranging between 16 and 67 mm carapace length (CL), and a unimodal trend in males (18–45 mm CL). Mature males occurred in different proportions all year round, while females displayed seasonal maturity (June—September), with a peak in July. Six oocyte developmental stages were identified, the most advanced of which (Pv, postvitellogenic) had never been described before in this species. Ovary development followed a group-synchronous pattern, with the yolked oocyte stock clearly separated from the reservoir of unyolked oocytes, suggesting thatA. foliaceais a total spawner, with determinate fecundity. Based upon histological findings, a revision of macroscopic maturity staging employed in Mediterranean bottom trawl surveys (MEDITS) is proposed.

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